Nematodes montage

Nematodes

(Plant Parasitic Nematodes)

Nematodes (also called ‘roundworms’) are relatively small, multicellular, worm-like animals. They are found in almost every environmental niche imaginable, living free in soil, marine and freshwater habitats while feeding on bacteria, fungi, and nematodes, or as parasites of humans, insects, fish, larger animals and plants.

Plant parasitic nematodes are abundant in many soils and may be feed on roots and other below ground plant tissue as external feeders while living outside a plant or penetrate and enter plant tissue to live and feed internally causing damage to plants. While most species of plant parasitic nematodes feed on below ground plant tissue, a relatively fewer number may inhabit and feed on above ground tissue. Billions of dollars in losses to agricultural crops due to damages caused by plant parasitic nematodes occur worldwide every year. California’s agricultural industry could lose several hundred million dollars annually in crop losses if certain plant parasitic nematodes not known to occur or of limited occurrence in California would become widespread within the State.

PEST RATINGS:

NEMATODES:

Xiphinema bakeri Williams, 1961 Baker’s dagger nematode
Current Pest Rating: C
Proposed Pest Rating: C
Comment Period: 03/05/2024 through 04/19/2024 

Nematodes:

Anguina agrostis (Steinbuch, 1799) Filipjev, 1936 Bent grass seed gall nematode
Pest Rating: B

Anguina funesta
Pest Rating: A

Anguina pacificae Cid del Prado Vera & Maggenti 1984 Pacific shoot-gall nematode
Pest Rating: C

Anguina tritici | Wheat Seed gall nematode
Pest Rating: A 

Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie, 1942 (Allen, 1952) Strawberry summer crimp nematode
Pest Rating: A

Aphelenchoides fragariae (Ritzema – Bos, 1891) Christie, 1932 Strawberry crimp nematode, Strawberry spring dwarf nematode, Foliar nematode
Pest Rating: C

Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi (Schwartz, 1911) Steiner & Buhrer 1932
Pest Rating: C                                          

Asian Citrus Root-knot Nematodes
Pest Rating:  A

Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau, 1958 Sting nematode
Pest Rating: A

Bitylenchus maximus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1986 Stunt nematode
Pest Rating: C

Bursaphelenchus coccophilus
Pest Rating: A

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Bruhrer, 1934) Nickle, 1970 Pine wilt disease
Pest Rating: C

Cactodera cacti (Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941 Krall & Krall, 1978 Cactus cyst nematode)
Pest Rating: A

Criconemoides (syn. Criconemella De Grisse and Loof 1965), Taylor 1936
Pest Rating: C 

Ditylenchus destructor Thourne, 1945
Pest Rating: A

Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) Filipjev, 1936
Pest Rating: C

Dolichodorus heterocephalus Cobb, 1914 Cobb’s awl nematode
Pest Rating: A

Globodera pallida (Stone 1973) Behrens Pale cyst nematode
Pest Rating: A

Globodera rostochiensis Wollenweber 1923 Golden nematode
Pest Rating: A 

Helicotylenchus spp.
Pest Rating: C

Helicotylenchus multicinctus
Pest Rating:  B

Hemicriconemoides chitwoodi Esser, 1960 Sheathoid nematode
Pest Rating: C 

Hemicriconemoides spp. Chitwood & Birchfield, 1957 Sheathoid nematodes
Pest Rating: C

Hemicycliophora arenaria
Pest Rating: B 

Heterodera australis Subbotin, Sturhan, Rumpenhorst & Moens, 2002 Australian cereal cyst nematode
Pest Rating: A

Heterodera avenae Wollenweber, 1924 European cereal cyst nematode
Pest Rating: A

Heterodera carotae Jones, 1950
Pest Rating: B

Heterodera cruciferae Franklin, 1945 Cabbage cyst nematode
Pest Rating: C

Heterodera fici Kirjanova, 1954 Fig cyst nematode
Pest Rating: C

Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov, 1981) Stelter, 1984 Filipjev’s cereal cyst nematode
Pest Rating: A

Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, 1952 Soybean cyst nematode
Pest Rating: A

Heterodera mani Mathews, 1971 Rye grass cyst nematode
Pest Rating: B

Heterodera schachtii A. Schmidt, 1871 Sugarbeet cyst nematode            Pest Rating: C

 Heterodera sturhani Subbotin 2015 Sturhan cereal cyst nematode 
 Pest Rating: A

Heterodera trifolii Goffart, 1932 clover cyst nematode
Pest Rating: C

Heterodera ustinovi Kirjanova, 1969 Ustinov’s grass cyst nematode
Pest Rating: A

Hirschmanniella belli Sher 1968
Pest Rating: C

Hirschmanniella diversa Sher 1968
Pest Rating: C

Hoplolaimus galeatus (Cobb, 1913) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekh Lance nematode
Pest Rating: A

Longidorus africanus Merny, 1966 Needle nematode
Pest Rating: C

Longidorus elongatus: Needle nematode
Pest Rating:  B

Longidorus orientalis Loof, 1982 Needle nematode
Pest Rating: C

Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood, 1949 Peanut root-knot nematode
Pest Rating: C

Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden, O’Bannon, Santo & Finley, 1980 Columbia root-knot nematode
Pest Rating: B                                          

Meloidogyne enterolobii Yang and Eisenback, 1983.
Pest Rating: A

Meloidogyne fallax Karssen, 1996 False Columbia root-knot nematode
Pest Rating: A

Meloidogyne floridensis Handoo et al., 2004
Pest Rating: A

Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949 Northern Root-Knot Nematode
Pest Rating: C 

Meloidogyne haplanaria Eisenback et al. 2003 Texas peanut root-knot nematode
Pest Rating: A

Meloidogyne hispanica Hirschmann 1986 Seville root-knot nematode
Pest Rating: A

Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood 1949 Southern root-knot nematode
Pest Rating: C

Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949 Javanese root-knot nematode
Pest Rating: C

Meloidogyne mali Itoh, Oshima & Ichinohe 1969 apple root-knot nematode
Pest Rating: A

Meloidogyne marylandi Jepson and Golden, 1987
Pest Rating: C

Meloidogyne naasi Franklin 1965 Barley root knot nematode
Pest Rating: B

Meloidogyne paranaensis Carneiro et al. 1996 Parana coffee root-knot nematode
Pest Rating: A

Merlinius spp. (Allen 1955) Siddiqi, 1970
Pest Rating: C 

Mesocriconema (Macroposthonia) xenoplax (Raski) Loof & de Grisse 1989 ring nematode
Pest Rating: C

Nanidorus spp. Siddiqi, 1974 Stubby root nematode
Pest Rating: C

Paratrichodorus minor (Colbran, 1956) Siddiqi, 1974
Pest Rating: C  

Paratrichodorus porosus (Allen, 1957) Siddiqi, 1974
Pest Rating: C 

Paratrichodorus spp. (Siddiqi 1974) and Trichodorus spp. (Cobb 1913)
Pest Rating: C

Paratylenchus spp. Micoletzky, 1922
Pest Rating: C

Pratylenchus alleni 
Pest Rating:  A

Pratylenchus brachyurus (Godfrey, 1929) Filipjev & Schuurmans-Stekhoven, 1941 smooth-headed lesion nematode
Pest Rating: C

Pratylenchus coffeae 
Pest Rating: B

Pratylenchus crenatus Loof 1960 Root lesion nematode
Pest Rating: C

Pratylenchus hippeastri (Inserra et al., 2007) Amaryllis lesion nematode
Pest Rating: B

Pratylenchus neglectus
Pest Rating: C

Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941 Cobb’s lesion nematode
Pest Rating: C

Pratylenchus scribneri Steiner, 1943 Scribner’s root-lesion nematode
Pest Rating: C 

Pratylenchus thornei
Pest Rating: C

Pratylenchus vulnus Allen & Jensen, 1951 walnut root lesion nematode
Pest Rating: C

Pratylenchus zeae Graham, 1951 Corn lesion nematode
Pest Rating: C

Punctodera punctata (Thorne, 1928) Mulvey & Stone, 1976
Pest Rating: C  

Quinisulcius spp. Siddiqi 1971
Pest Rating: C                          

Radopholus similis (Cobb, 1893) Thorne, 1949
Pest Rating: A

Rotylenchulus reniformis
Pest Rating: A

Rotylenchus robustus (de Man, 1876) Filipjev, 1936 Spiral nematode
Pest Rating: C

Scutellonema spp. Cobb, 1913
Pest Rating: C   

Tylenchorhynchus spp.
Pest Rating: C 

Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) Citrus nematode
Pest Rating: C

Xiphinema americanum Cobb, 1913 American dagger nematode
Pest Rating: C  

Xiphinema basiri Siddiqi, 1959 dagger nematode
Pest Rating: A

Xiphinema chambersi Thorne, 1939 Chambers’ dagger nematode
Pest Rating: B

Xiphinema diversicaudatum (Micoletzky, 1927), Thorne, 1939 European dagger nematode
Pest Rating: A

Xiphinema index
Pest Rating: B

Xiphinema setariae Luc 1958 (syn. Xiphinema vulgare Tarjan, 1964) dagger nematode 
Pest Rating: A