{"id":5881,"date":"2018-12-06T09:12:23","date_gmt":"2018-12-06T17:12:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5881"},"modified":"2019-01-30T17:03:28","modified_gmt":"2019-01-31T01:03:28","slug":"harrisia-cactus-mealybug-hypogeococcus-pungens","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5881","title":{"rendered":"Harrisia Cactus Mealybug | Hypogeococcus pungens"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Hypogeococcus pungens <\/em><\/strong>Granara de Willink | Harrisia cactus mealybug<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: A<\/strong><\/h5>\n
\n

\n

PEST RATING PROFILE<\/h3>\n

Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

An infestation of Hypogeococcus pungens<\/em> was discovered on cacti in a recreation area in Orange County in September 2018.\u00a0 This mealybug currently has a Q-rating.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background:<\/u><\/strong> \u00a0<\/em>\u00a0Hypogeococcus pungens<\/em> is a mealybug that has been reported to attack at least six genera of cacti as well as plants in the families Amaranthaceae, Polygonaceae, and Portulaceae (Hodges, 2009; Zimmermann et al., 2010).\u00a0 Cactus feeding is concentrated on portions of the plant that are actively growing.\u00a0 This results in distorted growth, including curling branches and growth of new, deformed branches that are sometimes referred to as galls (Le Quay-Vel\u00e1zquez et al., 2015).\u00a0 Death can take years, especially in older plants, but feeding has an immediate impact of fruit production because the mealybugs are concentrated on developing flowers.\u00a0 Therefore, this mealybug can have a severe impact on cactus reproduction (Patterson et al., 2011).<\/p>\n

Natural dispersal appears to be limited but may include wind dispersal in the first instar (Zimmermann et al., 2010).\u00a0 Movement of plants is probably the most effective means of spread of this mealybug.<\/p>\n

In the 1970s and 1980s, this mealybug was introduced to Australia and South Africa as part of biological control programs targeting introduced cacti, including Harrisia<\/em> spp. This mealybug was credited as an effective biological control agent, helping to clear cacti from thousands of hectares.<\/p>\n

Aguirre et al. (2016) provided evidence that more than one species may be currently identified as H. pungens<\/em>.\u00a0 Specimens collected from the type host plant (Amaranthaceae) did not produce viable offspring or did not survive at all on cacti.\u00a0 The cactus-feeding H. pungens<\/em> introduced to Australia for biological control of cacti had been collected from cacti in Argentina.\u00a0 Significantly, the H. pungens<\/em> in Australia have not been found on Amaranthaceae, even though this family of plants is common in Australia. \u00a0The mealybug in Florida rarely attacks cacti but it is common on Alternanthera<\/em> (Polygonaceae) and Portulaca<\/em> (Portulaceae) species.\u00a0 In addition, the Amaranthaceae-feeding H. pungens<\/em> are reported to be parthenogenetic, whereas the cactus-feeding mealybug is not.\u00a0 This evidence suggests there are likely at least two species currently recognized as H. pungens<\/em>; one that feeds on cacti (native to South America and introduced to Australia, South Africa, the Caribbean, and possibly California) and one that feeds on Amaranthaceae and other plant families (also native to South America and introduced to Florida).<\/p>\n

In addition, H. pungens<\/em> has been misidentified as H. festerianus<\/em> in the past (CABI, 2018).<\/p>\n

In areas with native cacti but where H. pungens<\/em> is not native to, there is concern that the mealybug could have an impact on native cacti.\u00a0 Hypogeococcus pungens<\/em> was reported to cause severe damage to native cacti in Puerto Rico, including reducing the density of cactus stems (Weaver, 2011).<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u><\/strong>:<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0 Hypogeococcus pungens<\/em> is native to South America (northern Argentina, western Brazil, Paraguay, and Peru).\u00a0 It has been introduced to Australia, the Caribbean (including the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico), Europe (France, Greece, and Italy), South Africa, and the United States (Florida and Hawaii) (German-Ramirez et al., 2014; Hodges, 2009; Milonas et al., 2008; Pellizzari and Sacco, 2010; Segarra-Carmona et al., 2010).\u00a0 As of 2009, it was reported from 26 counties in Florida (Hodges, 2009).<\/p>\n

Official Control:<\/u><\/strong> Hypogeococcus pungens <\/em>is considered Reportable by the USDA (USDA-APHIS).<\/p>\n

California Distribution: <\/u><\/strong>\u00a0Hypogeococcus pungens <\/em>was found in California in Beverly Hills in 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2018 and in a recreation area in Orange County in 2018.\u00a0 Both of these infestations are now under eradication, and this species is not known to be present anywhere else in the state.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions:<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0 Hypogeococcus pungens <\/em>was found on cacti at one residence in Beverly Hills (in 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2018), in a recreation area in Orange County in 2018, and in nurseries in Riverside, Orange, San Diego, and San Mateo County in 2004, 2011, 2012, and 2018.\u00a0 It was intercepted on alternanthera and ludwigia plants from Florida in 2002 and 2004 (see comment on host breadth and taxonomic uncertainty, above).<\/p>\n

The risk Hypogeococcus pungens <\/em>would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong> Hypogeococcus pungens <\/em>has been reported from areas that vary in climate from temperate to semi-arid to tropical.\u00a0 It has been reported to feed on plants in four families.\u00a0 It could possibly establish a widespread distribution in California. \u00a0Therefore, pungens <\/em>receives a High (3)<\/span> <\/strong>in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range: <\/strong>Four plant families are reported to be attacked by mealybugs that were identified as pungens<\/em>.\u00a0 Although it is possible that multiple species with different feeding habits are being lumped together in this PRP (see Background, above, and Uncertainty, below), it is necessary to consider characteristics of what has been (and are likely to be) identified as H. pungens<\/em>.\u00a0 Therefore, H. pungens<\/em> receives a Medium (2)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) has a moderate host range.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has a wide host range.<\/p>\n

3) Pest Reproductive and Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> Some pungens <\/em>are reported to be parthenogenetic, but see Background, above. \u00a0Natural dispersal ability appears to be limited, with wind-dispersal of first instar nymphs being reported as likely.\u00a0 Movement of infested cactus plants is another likely mode of dispersal.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> Hypogeococcus pungens<\/em> is likely to infest cacti in nurseries if it became established in California.\u00a0 This could lead to higher costs of production.\u00a0 Additionally, the presence of this mealybug could lead to a loss in cactus markets, as this pest threatens native cacti in other countries, including Mexico.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact:\u00a0 B, C<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/p>\n

B. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C.\u00a0 \u00a0The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score: 2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) causes 2 of these impacts.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> There are 38 native cacti in California, including 8 endemic species (Jepson Herbarium, 2018), that could be threatened by this mealybug, including the rare golden-spined cereus (Bergerocactus emoryi<\/em> (Engelm.) Britton & Rose) and the San Diego barrel cactus (Ferocactus viridescens<\/em> (Torr. & A. Gray) Britton & Rose). Infestations of this mealybug could trigger treatments and could impact ornamental cactus plantings.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a High (3)<\/span> <\/strong>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact: B, D, E<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

E. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Environmental Impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) causes one of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Hypogeococcus pungens<\/em>: Medium (12)<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

\u2013Low = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium = 9-12 points<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013High = 13-15 points<\/p>\n

6)<\/strong> Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Hypogeococcus pungens<\/em> is not known to be established in California.\u00a0 It receives a Not established (0)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013Not established (0) Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013Low (-1) Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium (-2) Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013High (-3) Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

7) The final score is<\/strong> the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: Medium (12)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Uncertainty:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

There is significant uncertainty regarding the identity of the mealybugs identified as H. pungens<\/em>.\u00a0 As described in the Background (above), there may be at least two species that are currently identified as H. pungens<\/em>; one that feeds on cacti and one that feeds on other plants, including Amaranthaceae.\u00a0 This makes it difficult to extrapolate impacts of H. pungens<\/em> observed in other places to California.\u00a0 For example, H. pungens<\/em> is reported to be widely distributed in Florida, but this does not appear to be the cactus-feeding form.\u00a0 In this PRP, characteristics and possible impacts of the mealybugs identified as H. pungens<\/em> were considered because, in the absence of further systematic work on these mealybugs, they are likely to be similarly identified as H. pungens<\/em> if intercepted in California.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Hypogeococcus pungens<\/em> or a cryptic species that is currently identified as H. pungens<\/em> attacks cacti and poses a threat to cacti in California, both rare, native species as well as those cultivated as ornamentals in nurseries.\u00a0 Besides the infestations that are under eradication, this mealybug is not known to be established in California.\u00a0 For these reasons, an \u201cA\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

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References: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Aguirre, M. B., Diaz-Soltero, H., Claps, L. E., Saracho Bottero, A., Triapitsyn, S., Hasson, E., and Logarzo, G. A.\u00a0 2016.\u00a0 Studies on the biology of Hypogeococcus pungens<\/em> (sensu stricto) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Argentina to aid the identification of the mealybug pest of Cactaceae in Puerto Rico.\u00a0 Journal of Insect Science 16:1-7.<\/p>\n

California Department of Food and Agriculture.\u00a0 Pest and damage record database.\u00a0 Accessed October 5, 2018:\u00a0https:\/\/pdr.cdfa.ca.gov\/PDR\/pdrmainmenu.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n

CABI. \u00a02018. Invasive Species Compendium. Hypogeococcus pungens<\/em> (cactus mealybug) datasheet.\u00a0 Accessed October 5, 2018:\u00a0 https:\/\/www.cabi.org\/isc\/datasheet\/110614<\/a><\/p>\n

German-Ramirez, E., Kairo, M. T. K., Stocks, I., Haseeb, M., and Serra, C. A.\u00a0 2014.\u00a0 New record of Hypogeococcus pungens<\/em> (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in the Dominican Republic with comments on specific characters.\u00a0 Florida Entomologist 97:320-321.<\/p>\n

Hodges, A.\u00a0 2009.\u00a0 Hypogeococcus pungens<\/em> Granara de Willink (Insects: Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Accessed September 24, 2018: http:\/\/entnemdept.ufl.edu\/creatures\/orn\/mealybug\/hypogeococcus_pungens.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

Jepson Herbarium.\u00a0 2018.\u00a0 Jepson eFLora. \u00a0Accessed October 5, 2018:
\nhttp:\/\/ucjeps.berkeley.edu\/IJM_stats.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Le Quay-Vel\u00e1zquez, G., Ciomperlik, M., and Rodrigues, J. C. V.\u00a0 2015.\u00a0 Gall formation on the endangered cactus, Leptocereus quadricostatus<\/em> caused by the invasive mealybug, Hypogeococcus pungens<\/em> (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae).\u00a0 Proceedings of the Caribbean Food Crops Society 51:174-180.<\/p>\n

Milonas, P. G., Koz\u00e1r, F., and Kontodimas, D. C.\u00a0 2008.\u00a0 List of scale insects of Greece.\u00a0 pp. 143-147 in<\/em> Branco M., Franco J.C., and Hodgson C. (eds.), Proceedings of the XI International Symposium on Scale Insect Studies.\u00a0 \u00a0ISA Press, Lisbon, Portugal.<\/p>\n

Paterson, I. D., Hoffmann, J. H., Klein, H., Mathenge, C. W., Neser, S., and Zimmermann, H. G.\u00a0 2011.\u00a0 Biological control of Cactaceae in South Africa 19:230-246.<\/p>\n

Pellizzari, G., and Sacco, M.\u00a0 2010.\u00a0 Le cocciniglie delle piante ornamentali in Liguria.\u00a0 Protezione delle Colture 4:27-36.<\/p>\n

Segarra-Carmona, A. E., Ram\u00edrez-Lluch, A., Cabrera-Asencio, I., and Jim\u00e9nez-L\u00f3pez, A. N.\u00a0 2010.\u00a0 First report of a new invasive mealybug, the Harrisia cactus Hypogeococcus pungens<\/em> (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae).\u00a0 The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 94:183-187.<\/p>\n

USDA-APHIS.\u00a0 U.S. regulated plant pest table.\u00a0 Accessed September 26, 2018:
\nhttps:\/\/www.aphis.usda.gov\/aphis\/ourfocus\/planthealth\/import-information\/rppl\/rppl-table<\/a><\/p>\n

Weaver, P. L.\u00a0 2011.\u00a0 Early recovery of subtropical dry forest in south-western Puerto Rico.\u00a0 Bois et For\u00eats de Tropiques 310:12-23.<\/p>\n

Zimmermann, H. G., P\u00e9rez, M., Cuen, S., Mandujano, M. C., and Golubov, J.\u00a0 2010.\u00a0 The South American mealybug that threatens North American cacti.\u00a0 Cactus and Succulent Journal 82:105-107.<\/p>\n

\n
Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Kyle Beucke, 1220 N Street, Room 221, Sacramento, CA, 95814, 916-403-6741, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Period:* CLOSED<\/span><\/h5>\n

12\/6\/2018 \u2013 1\/20\/2019<\/p>\n

\n
*NOTE:<\/span><\/h5>\n

You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. \u00a0If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: A<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Hypogeococcus pungens Granara de Willink | Harrisia cactus mealybug Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae Pest Rating: A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: An infestation of Hypogeococcus pungens was discovered on cacti in a recreation area in Orange County in September 2018.\u00a0 This mealybug currently has a Q-rating.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required … Continue reading Harrisia Cactus Mealybug | Hypogeococcus pungens<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":325,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[669,18,5],"tags":[675],"class_list":["post-5881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a-rated","category-hemiptera","category-entomology","tag-a-rated-pest"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-1wR","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":5485,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5485","url_meta":{"origin":5881,"position":0},"title":"Mealybug | Vryburgia succulentarum","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"June 20, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Vryburgia succulentarum Williams: mealybug Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae Pest Rating: A \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Vryburgia succulentarum is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background: \u00a0\u00a0Vryburgia succulentarum is a mealybug that occurs on succulent\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1954,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1954","url_meta":{"origin":5881,"position":1},"title":"Insects, Mites & Earthworms","author":"Admin","date":"May 13, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Insects and mites are related in that their skeletons are on the outside (Phyllum: Arthropoda), but differ in that adult insects have six legs and adult mites have eight.\u00a0 Both groups can be beneficial, neutral or destructive to their environment.\u00a0 Like nematodes, they can cause yearly losses in the billions\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Ratings"","block_context":{"text":"Ratings","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=333"},"img":{"alt_text":"Insects and Mites Banner","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7366,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=7366","url_meta":{"origin":5881,"position":2},"title":"Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell): striped mealybug Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"July 17, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell): striped mealybug Pest Rating: A download pest rating *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by ka","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6938,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=6938","url_meta":{"origin":5881,"position":3},"title":"Miscanthicoccus miscanthi (Takahashi) – Miscanthus mealybug","author":"Raj Randhawa","date":"March 13, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Miscanthicoccus miscanthi (Takahashi) - Miscanthus mealybug. Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae. Pest Rating: B download pest rating *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by ka","rel":"","context":"In "B-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"B-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=670"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8622,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=8622","url_meta":{"origin":5881,"position":4},"title":"Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead): Lebbeck mealybug","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"July 1, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead): Lebbeck mealybugPest Rating: A download pest rating profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8628,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=8628","url_meta":{"origin":5881,"position":5},"title":"Pseudococcus landoi (Balachowsky): Lando mealybug","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"July 1, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Pseudococcus landoi (Balachowsky): Lando mealybugPest Rating: A download pest rating profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. 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