{"id":5863,"date":"2018-11-29T00:00:08","date_gmt":"2018-11-29T08:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5863"},"modified":"2019-01-30T17:41:43","modified_gmt":"2019-01-31T01:41:43","slug":"cotton-bollworm-helicoverpa-armigera-hubner","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5863","title":{"rendered":"Cotton Bollworm | Helicoverpa armigera (H\u00fcbner)"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Helicoverpa armigera <\/em><\/strong>(H\u00fcbner):\u00a0 <\/em>Cotton boll<\/strong>worm <\/strong><\/h5>\n
Lepidoptera<\/strong>: Noctuidae<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: A<\/strong><\/h5>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\n

PEST RATING PROFILE<\/h3>\n

Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Helicoverpa armigera <\/em>was recently intercepted in a cut flower shipment in Los Angeles. A pest rating proposal is required to assign a permanent pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background<\/u>:<\/strong> \u00a0Helicoverpa armigera <\/em>is a highly polyphagous pest of many economically significant crops in Africa, Asia, Australia, and Europe (King, 1994). Helicoverpa armigera<\/em> pupae overwinter in the soil. Adults emerge in May \u2013 June and lay eggs, usually on or near flowers. The larvae primarily feed on reproductive parts of hosts (flowers and fruits), but they can also feed on foliage. There are from two to six generations\/year, depending on the climate. This species has been reported to cause serious losses throughout its range, in particular to tomatoes, corn, and cotton (Lammers and Ma cLeod, 2007).<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution:<\/u><\/strong> \u00a0Helicoverpa armigera <\/em>is widely distributed. It has been reported from the following places: Asia<\/strong>: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Cocos Islands, Republic of Georgia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, and Yemen.<\/p>\n

Europe<\/strong>: Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and Ukraine.<\/p>\n

Africa:<\/strong> Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon,\u00a0Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Cote d\u2019Ivoire, Democratic\u00a0Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea,\u00a0Kenya, Lesotho, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Republic of Congo, Reunion, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.<\/p>\n

Oceania<\/strong>: American Samoa, Australia, Belau, Christmas Island, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu.<\/p>\n

South America<\/strong>: Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay (CABI, 2007; Fibiger and Skule, 2011; EPPO, 2012; Sugayama, 2013; Senave, 2013; Mur\u00faa et al., 2014).<\/p>\n

Official Control:<\/u><\/strong> Helicoverpa armigera <\/em>is listed as a harmful organism in Costa\u00a0Rica, Bermuda, French Polynesia, Honduras, Paraguay, Turkey, Chile,\u00a0Ecuador, Guatemala, Monaco, San Marino, Uruguay, Colombia, European\u00a0Union, Norway, and Serbia (USDA PCIT).<\/p>\n

California Distribution:<\/u> <\/strong>Helicoverpa armigera <\/em>has never been found in the environment of California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions:<\/u> <\/strong>There was only one specimen reported in the Pest and Damage Record Database by CDFA. This specimen was found (2017) in Los Angeles County on a cut flower shipment from India (California Department of Food and Agriculture).<\/p>\n

The risk Helicoverpa armigera <\/em>(cotton bollworm) would pose to California is\u00a0evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1)\u00a0<\/strong>Climate\/Host Interaction<\/strong>: Helicoverpa armigera <\/em>can feed on a wide variety of plants that grow in California. It is expected to be capable of establishing a widespread distribution and receives a High (3) <\/strong><\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

– High (3) likely to establish a widespread distribution in California<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range<\/strong>: Helicoverpa armigera <\/em>is a polyphagous moth and a major insect pest of both field and horticultural crops in many parts of the world (Fitt, 1989). It has been reported on over 180 species of plants, including many crops, in at least 45 plant families (Venette et al., 2003). It receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the host range of the pest.<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has a moderate host range.<\/p>\n

– High (3) has a wide host range.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential<\/strong>: Helicoverpa armigera <\/em>exhibits overlapping generations, typically two to five generations per year in subtropical and temperate regions. Up to 11 generations per year can occur under optimal conditions (Tripathi and Singh, 1991; King, 1994; Fowler and Lakin, 2001). \u00a0The female lays up to 1000 eggs in clusters or singly on fruits, stems, and growing points. It receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the natural and artificial dispersal potential of the pest.<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– High (3) has both high reproduction and dispersal potential<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> Helicoverpa armigera <\/em>is considered to be among the most damaging agricultural pests in Australia, costing approximately $225.2 million per year to control (Clearly et al., 2006). This moth has the potential to lower crop yields and increase production costs in California. If Helicoverpa armigera<\/em> were to establish in California it is also likely to disrupt markets for California fresh fruit and plants because this pest is regulated by many countries.\u00a0 It receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact: A, B, C<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could lower crop yield. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

B. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– High (3) causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> Helicoverpa armigera <\/em>is not expected to lower biodiversity, disrupt natural communities, or change ecosystem processes. It might trigger new chemical treatments by residents who find infestations in gardens. It is not expected to significantly impact cultural practices, home\/urban gardening, or ornamental plantings. It receives a Medium (2)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact: D<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

E. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact: Score: 2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2) causes one of the above to occur.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Helicoverpa armigera\u00a0<\/em>(Cotton Bollworm):\u00a0 High (14)<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n

–Low<\/strong> = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

–Medium<\/strong> = 9-12 points<\/p>\n

-High = 13-15 points<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Helicoverpa armigera <\/em>has never been found in California and receives a Not established (0)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included.<\/p>\n

-Not established (0) Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

–Low (-1)<\/strong> Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

–Medium (-2)<\/strong> Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

–High (-3)<\/strong> Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

The final score is the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: High (14)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncertainty:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Only one interception record was found in CDFA database, there would be chances that it presumably enters the state undetected at other times. Therefore, it is possible that it may be present in some areas of California. There is little uncertainty that H. armigera<\/em> could become widely established in California, as there are numerous host plants grown throughout the state.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Helicoverpa armigera <\/em>has not been found in California and is expected to have significant economic and environmental impacts if it establishes in the state.\u00a0 An \u201cA<\/strong>\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

\n
References: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

CABI. 2018.\u00a0 Helicoverpa armigera<\/em>.\u00a0 CAB International.\u00a0 Accessed August 9, 2018:\u00a0 https:\/\/www.cabi.org\/isc\/datasheet\/26757<\/a><\/p>\n

CDFA Pest and Damage Report Database. 2011. Aulacaspis tubercularis<\/em>. Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services. CA Department of Food and Agriculture.\u00a0Accessed August 9, 2018:\u00a0 http:\/\/phpps.cdfa.ca.gov\/user\/frmLogon2.asp<\/a><\/p>\n

Cleary, A. J., Cribb, B. W., and Murray, D. A. H. 2006. Helicoverpa armigera<\/em> (H\u00fcbner): can wheat stubble protect cotton from attack. Australian Journal of Entomology 45:10-15.<\/p>\n

Fitt, G. P. 1989. The ecology of Heliothis<\/em> spp. in relation to agroecosystems. Annual Review of Entomology 34:17-52.<\/p>\n

Fowler, G. A. and Lakin, K. R. 2001. Risk Assessment: The Old-World bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera<\/em> (H\u00fcbner), (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).<\/p>\n

USDA-APHIS-PPQ-CPHST-PERAL<\/p>\n

Smith E. 2015. \u00a0Old World bollworm management program.\u00a0 Environmental Assessment USDA. Accessed August 9, 2018:
\nhttps:\/\/www.aphis.usda.gov\/plant_health\/ea\/downloads\/2015\/owb-pr-ea.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

King, A. B. S. 1994. Heliothis<\/em> \/Helicoverpa<\/em> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pp. 39-106 in<\/em> Matthews, G. A. and Tunstall, J. P. (eds.), Insect Pests of Cotton. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.<\/p>\n

Lammers, J. W. and MacLeod, A. 2007. Report of a Pest Risk Analysis: Helicoverpa armigera<\/em> (H\u00fcbner, 1808). Plant Protection Service and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Central Science Laboratory.<\/p>\n

Sullivan, M. and Molet, T. 2007. CPHST Pest Datasheet for Helicoverpa armigera<\/em>. USDA-APHIS-PPQ-CPHST. Revised April 2014.\u00a0 Accessed August 9, 2018:
\nhttp:\/\/download.ceris.purdue.edu\/file\/3068<\/a><\/p>\n

Tripathi, S. and Singh, R. 1991. Population dynamics of Helicoverpa armigera<\/em> (H\u00fcbner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Insect Science Applications 12:367-374.<\/p>\n

USDA Phytosanitary Certificate Issuance & Tracking System (PCIT). Phytosanitary<\/p>\n

Export Database (PExD). Harmful organism report: Helicoverpa armigera<\/em>.
\nAccessed August 9, 2018: https:\/\/pcit.aphis.usda.gov\/pcit\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\n
Author:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Javaid Iqbal, 1220 N Street, Sacramento, CA, 95814, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Kyle Beucke, 1220 \u2018N\u2019 Street, Room 221, Sacramento CA 95814, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@] cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Period:*CLOSED<\/span><\/h5>\n

11\/29\/2018 – 1\/13\/2019<\/p>\n

\n
*NOTE:<\/span><\/h5>\n

You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. \u00a0If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating:\u00a0 A<\/strong><\/h4>\n
\n

Posted by ls\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Helicoverpa armigera (H\u00fcbner):\u00a0 Cotton bollworm Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Pest Rating: A \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Helicoverpa armigera was recently intercepted in a cut flower shipment in Los Angeles. A pest rating proposal is required to assign a permanent pest rating. History & Status: Background: \u00a0Helicoverpa armigera is a highly polyphagous … Continue reading Cotton Bollworm | Helicoverpa armigera (H\u00fcbner)<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":129,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[669,5,23],"tags":[675],"class_list":["post-5863","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a-rated","category-entomology","category-lepidoptera","tag-a-rated-pest"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-1wz","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":3738,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3738","url_meta":{"origin":5863,"position":0},"title":"Pandemis cerasana H\u00fcbner | Barred Fruit-tree tortrix","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"June 14, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Pandemis cerasana H\u00fcbner: \u00a0Barred Fruit-tree Tortrix Lepidoptera:\u00a0 Tortricidae Pest Rating: \u00a0A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: In July 2014 USDA\u2019s New Pest Advisory Group distributed a report that proposed to change the status of Pandemis cerasana, barred fruit-tree tortrix, to non-actionable for the continental United States.\u00a0\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Insects, Mites & Earthworms"","block_context":{"text":"Insects, Mites & Earthworms","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=5"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6473,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=6473","url_meta":{"origin":5863,"position":1},"title":"Arcola malloi (Pastrana): Alligatorweed stem borer moth","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"September 27, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Arcola malloi (Pastrana): Alligatorweed stem borer moth Lepidoptera: PyralidaePest Rating: D download pest rating *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by ka","rel":"","context":"In "D-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"D-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=673"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":5089,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5089","url_meta":{"origin":5863,"position":2},"title":"Cucumber Moth | Diaphania indica","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"March 15, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Cucumber Moth | Diaphania indica (Saunders) Lepidoptera: Crambidae Pest Rating: A \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Diaphania indica is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background: \u00a0Diaphania indica is a pest of cucurbit\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Insects, Mites & Earthworms"","block_context":{"text":"Insects, Mites & Earthworms","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=5"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1954,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1954","url_meta":{"origin":5863,"position":3},"title":"Insects, Mites & Earthworms","author":"Admin","date":"May 13, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Insects and mites are related in that their skeletons are on the outside (Phyllum: Arthropoda), but differ in that adult insects have six legs and adult mites have eight.\u00a0 Both groups can be beneficial, neutral or destructive to their environment.\u00a0 Like nematodes, they can cause yearly losses in the billions\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Ratings"","block_context":{"text":"Ratings","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=333"},"img":{"alt_text":"Insects and Mites Banner","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3006,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3006","url_meta":{"origin":5863,"position":4},"title":"Cacoecimorpha pronubana (H\u00fcbner): (Carnation tortrix)","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"December 7, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Cacoecimorpha pronubana (H\u00fcbner): (Carnation tortrix) Lepidoptera:\u00a0 Tortricidae Pest Rating: A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: In October 2013, USDA released a DEEP report proposing to deregulate Cacoecimorpha pronubana (carnation tortrix).\u00a0 The insect is currently \u201cQ\u201d-rated by CDFA, so a pest rating proposal is needed to determine\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Insects, Mites & Earthworms"","block_context":{"text":"Insects, Mites & Earthworms","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=5"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8416,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=8416","url_meta":{"origin":5863,"position":5},"title":"Agonopterix alstroemeriana (Clerck): a moth","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"May 19, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Agonopterix alstroemeriana (Clerck): a mothPest Rating: D download pest rating *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. 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