{"id":5801,"date":"2018-09-24T15:37:26","date_gmt":"2018-09-24T22:37:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5801"},"modified":"2018-11-14T15:48:08","modified_gmt":"2018-11-14T23:48:08","slug":"leek-moth-acrolepiopsis-assectella-zeller","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5801","title":{"rendered":"Leek Moth | Acrolepiopsis assectella (Zeller)"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Leek Moth | Acrolepiopsis assectella<\/em><\/strong> (Zeller)<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: A<\/strong><\/h5>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\n

PEST RATING PROFILE<\/h3>\n

Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

On July 3, 2018 USDA released a New Pest Advisory Group (NPAG) report proposing to change the status of Acrolepiopsis assectella<\/em> (leek moth) to non-actionable within the continental United States.\u00a0 A pest rating proposal is required to determine future direction.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background<\/u>:\u00a0 Leek moth is a leaf-mining moth that feeds on plants in the genus Allium<\/em>1<\/sup>. Preferred hosts of the moth are garlic, leek, and onion1<\/sup>. Over-wintering adults become active when temperatures reach 15\u00baC1<\/sup>. \u00a0Female moths lay eggs on leaves which larvae mine1<\/sup>.\u00a0 Mature larvae emerge from the leaf tissue and pupate on the external surface of the plant1<\/sup>.\u00a0 When adults emerge they either begin another generation or overwinter1<\/sup>, depending on the time of year.\u00a0 Leek moth can rapidly spread long distances when infested plant material is moved.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u>:<\/strong> Leek moth is presumably native to Eurasia. It was first found in North America in Ontario in 19931<\/sup>.\u00a0 Leek moth was first detected in the United States in New York in 2009 and has since spread to New Hampshire, Maine, and Vermont1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Official Control<\/u>:<\/strong> Leek moth is listed as a harmful organism by Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Polynesia, Honduras, Israel, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mexico, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Peru, and Taiwan3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

California Distribution<\/u>:<\/strong>\u00a0 Leek moth has not been found in the environment of California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/u>:<\/strong>\u00a0 Leek moth has never been intercepted in California.<\/p>\n

The risk Acrolepiopsis assectella<\/em> (leek moth) would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:\u00a0 <\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong> Leek moth is expected to be able to establish a widespread distribution in California wherever Allium<\/em> plants grow. Based on its current widespread distribution in Europe and northern Africa it is not expected to be limited by climate in California.\u00a0 It receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California.\u00a0 Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/span><\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range:<\/strong> Leek moth is only known to feed on plants in the genus Allium<\/em>.\u00a0 It receives a Low (1)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the host range of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> has a very limited host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has a moderate host range.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has a wide host range.<\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> Leek moth has a high reproductive rate with each female laying an average of 100 eggs and the population completing as many as 8 generations per year1<\/sup>, depending on climate.\u00a0 The moth can rapidly spread long distances when eggs, larvae, or pupae on plants or harvested plant parts are moved.\u00a0 Adults can also fly.\u00a0 Leek moth receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the natural and artificial dispersal potential of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> California is the largest producing state in the U.S. of garlic, onions, and green onions.\u00a0 The state produces 90%+ of the commercial garlic, is the largest producer of processing onions, and is one of the top fresh market onion producers in the nation2<\/sup>.\u00a0 Both garlic and onion crops are valued at $150-$300 million each annually2<\/sup>.\u00a0 California also leads the nation in the production of green onions with a 2009 crop value of $28 million in Monterey and Riverside county alone4<\/sup>.\u00a0 If leek moth were to establish in California it is expected to lower crop yields and increase production costs of these crops, especially on organic farms.\u00a0 Leek moth causes damage of economic importance in Allium<\/em> \u00a0Yield reductions can be as high as 50 percent and have the potential to reach 100 percent for organic growers who do not implement sufficient control measures1<\/sup>.\u00a0 Its presence in the state would likely affect markets for fresh garlic and onions.\u00a0 Growers in other places infested with leek moth have changed cultural practices including crop row netting, crop rotation, delayed planting, removal of old and infested leaves, destruction of pupae or larvae, early harvesting, avoidance of planting crops near known infestations, and destruction of plant debris following harvesting1<\/sup>.\u00a0 The moth is not expected to vector other organisms, injure animals, or interfere with water supplies.\u00a0 Leek moth receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact: A, B, C, D<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/span><\/p>\n

B<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/span><\/p>\n

C<\/strong>. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/span><\/p>\n

D<\/strong>. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/span><\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> If leek moth were to establish in California it is not expected to lower biodiversity, disrupt natural communities, or change ecosystem processes.\u00a0 It is likely to affect threatened and endangered species such as Munz\u2019s onion (Allium munzii<\/em>) and Yosemite onion (Allium yosemitense<\/em>).\u00a0 Leek moth would not be expected to disrupt critical habitats.\u00a0 It is likely to trigger additional treatment programs in agriculture and in residential gardens.\u00a0 Species of Allium<\/em> are grown in home\/urban gardens and would be significantly affected by this pest.\u00a0 Leek moth receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact: B, D, E<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B<\/strong>. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/span><\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D<\/strong>. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/span><\/p>\n

E<\/strong>. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/span><\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes one of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Acrolepiopsis assectella<\/em> (leek moth):<\/strong>\u00a0 High (13)<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

–Low<\/strong> = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

–Medium<\/strong> = 9-12 points<\/p>\n

–High<\/strong> = 13-15 points<\/span><\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information: Leek moth has never been found in California and receives a Not established (0)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included.<\/p>\n

–Not established (0)<\/strong> Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

–Low (-1)<\/strong> Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

–Medium (-2)<\/strong> Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

–High (-3)<\/strong> Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

The final score is the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: High (13)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncertainty: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Leek moth causes significant damage to plants in the genus Allium<\/em>.\u00a0 Its presence in California would rapidly come to the attention of garlic and onion growers, so there is little uncertainty regarding its absence from the state.\u00a0 There is low uncertainty with this pest.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

If leek moth were to become established in California it would have significant economic and environmental impacts.\u00a0 An \u201cA\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

\n
References: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

1<\/sup> USDA New Pest Advisory Group:\u00a0 NPAG Report Acrolepiopsis assectella<\/em> (Zeller): Leek moth.\u00a0 June 29, 2018.<\/p>\n

2<\/sup> California Garlic & Onion Research Advisory Board.\u00a0 http:\/\/www.cagarlicandonion.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

3<\/sup> USDA Phytosanitary Certificate Issuance & Tracking System (PCIT) Phytosanitary Export Database (PExD).\u00a0 https:\/\/pcit.aphis.usda.gov\/pcit\/<\/a><\/p>\n

4<\/sup> Smith, Richard, Michael Cahn, Marita Cantwell, Steven Koike, Eric Natwick, and Etaferahu Takele. 2011.\u00a0 Green Onion Production in California.\u00a0 UC Vegetable Research & Information Center Vegetable Production Series.\u00a0 http:\/\/anrcatalog.ucanr.edu\/pdf\/7243.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

\n
Author:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 1220 ‘N’ Street, Sacramento CA 95814, (916) 654-0312, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov<\/p>\n

Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Kyle Beucke, 1220 N Street, Room 221, Sacramento, CA, 95814, 916-403-6741,\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Period:* CLOSED<\/span><\/h5>\n

9\/24\/18 \u2013 11\/8\/18<\/p>\n

\n
*NOTE:<\/span><\/h5>\n

You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. \u00a0If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: A<\/strong><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for\u00a0 Leek Moth | Acrolepiopsis assectella (Zeller) Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae Pest Rating: A \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: On July 3, 2018 USDA released a New Pest Advisory Group (NPAG) report proposing to change the status of Acrolepiopsis assectella (leek moth) to non-actionable within the continental United States.\u00a0 A pest rating proposal … Continue reading Leek Moth | Acrolepiopsis assectella (Zeller)<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[669,5,23,333],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a-rated","category-entomology","category-lepidoptera","category-ratings"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-1vz","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":3737,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3737","url_meta":{"origin":5801,"position":0},"title":"Operophtera brumata (L.) | Winter Moth","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"June 14, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Operophtera brumata (L.):\u00a0 Winter Moth Lepidoptera:\u00a0 Geometridae Pest Rating: \u00a0A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: In January 2013 USDA announced that Operophtera brumata, winter moth, was under consideration for deregulation at our ports.\u00a0 Stephen Brown (CDFA) recommended a rating proposal for the moth. History & Status:\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Insects, Mites & Earthworms"","block_context":{"text":"Insects, Mites & Earthworms","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=5"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6473,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=6473","url_meta":{"origin":5801,"position":1},"title":"Arcola malloi (Pastrana): Alligatorweed stem borer moth","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"September 27, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Arcola malloi (Pastrana): Alligatorweed stem borer moth Lepidoptera: PyralidaePest Rating: D download pest rating *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov. 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Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3020,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3020","url_meta":{"origin":5801,"position":5},"title":"Opogona sacchari (Bojer): Banana moth","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"December 21, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Opogona sacchari (Bojer): \u00a0Banana moth Lepidoptera:\u00a0 Tineidae Pest Rating: \u00a0C PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: February 26, 2014, USDA distributed a Deregulation Evaluation of Established Pests (DEEP) report proposing to change the status of Opogona sacchari, banana moth, from actionable to non-actionable for the United States.\u00a0\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Insects, Mites & Earthworms"","block_context":{"text":"Insects, Mites & Earthworms","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=5"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5801","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5801"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5801\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5852,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5801\/revisions\/5852"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5801"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5801"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5801"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}