{"id":5732,"date":"2018-08-14T15:39:06","date_gmt":"2018-08-14T22:39:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5732"},"modified":"2018-10-11T15:01:31","modified_gmt":"2018-10-11T22:01:31","slug":"mango-scale-aulacaspis-tubercularis-newstead","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5732","title":{"rendered":"Mango Scale | Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Aulacaspis <\/em><\/strong>tubercularis <\/em><\/strong>Newstead:<\/em> Mango scale<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Hemiptera: Diaspididae<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: A<\/strong><\/h5>\n
\n

PEST RATING PROFILE<\/h3>\n

Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Aulacaspis tubercularis <\/em>is frequently intercepted by CDFA. It is currently rated Q, and a pest rating proposal is required to support a permanent pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background<\/u><\/strong>: Aulacaspis tubercularis <\/em>is commonly known as white mango scale, mango scale and Cinnamon scale. Immatures and adult females of this scale are covered by a white scale cover that is semi-circular in females and elongate in males. Immatures and adult females feed on plant fluids. Aulacaspis tubercularis<\/em> is highly polyphagous and damages a wide range of perennials, ornamentals, and fruit trees.<\/p>\n

Mango (Mangifera indica<\/em>) is the preferred host of this pest, but it has been reported to feed on a wide variety of plants in at least 30 genera in 18 families including: Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Arecaceae, Burseraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Calophyllaceae, Iridaceae, Lauraceae, Loranthaceae, Meliaceae, Myrtaceae, Percidae, Pittosporaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Sapindacea and Zingiberaceae (Garc\u00eda Morales et al. 2018).<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution:<\/u> <\/strong>Aulacaspis tubercularis <\/em>is widely distributed in all tropical Africa, including Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion, Rodriques Island, and South Africa, and most of the Neotropical region.\u00a0 In Asia it is reported from China, Japan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippine, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Egypt, Iraq and Israel (Hodges & Hamon 2016).<\/p>\n

In the United States, this scale was reported in Florida. Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands (Garc\u00eda Morales et al. 2018).<\/p>\n

\"Distribution<\/a>
Distribution Map by CABI<\/strong><\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Official Control<\/strong>:<\/u> Aulacaspis tubercularis <\/em>is listed as a harmful organism in Costa\u00a0Rica, Korea, Seychelles, Guatemala, and Ecuador (PCIT, 2018).<\/p>\n

California Distribution<\/strong>:<\/u> Aulacaspis tubercularis <\/em>has never been found in the environment in California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/strong>:<\/u> Aulacaspis tubercularis <\/em>was intercepted 273 times in California since 2010. Most of these interceptions were on infested mangoes coming from South American countries (CDFA PDR database).<\/p>\n

The risk Aulacaspis tubercularis <\/em>(mango scale) would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction<\/strong>: Hosts plants of Aulacaspis tubercularis <\/em>are grown throughout California and southern coastal weather is quite favorable for this insect to spread and become established wherever its hosts are grown. It receives a Medium (2)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2) <\/strong>may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/span><\/p>\n

– High (3) <\/strong>likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range<\/strong>: Aulacaspis tubercularis <\/em>has been reported to feed on plants in at least 30 genera in 18 families. It receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the host range of the pest.<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has a moderate host range.<\/p>\n

– High (3) <\/strong>has a wide host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential<\/strong>: Aulacaspis tubercularis <\/em>has a high reproductive rate; adult females can lay up to 200 eggs. (Miller and Davidson, 2005). This scale can be spread by wind or by hitchhiking on animals or equipment. It may also be spread long distances through the movement of infested plants or fruit. Therefore, it receives a High (3)<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Evaluate the natural and artificial dispersal potential of the pest.<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– High (3) <\/strong>has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> There is little information available on the economic importance of this pest other than that it considered a major pest of mango in many parts of the world (Miller and Davidson, 1990). Known hosts also include cucurbits, citrus, Prunus<\/em>, and avocado.\u00a0 The scale may lower yields in these crops and increase production costs by triggering new management programs. It is not expected to change cultural practices, vector other organisms, injure animals, or disrupt water supplies. It receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact: A, B, C<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. <\/strong>The pest could lower crop yield. <\/span><\/p>\n

B. <\/strong>The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/span><\/p>\n

C. <\/strong>The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/span><\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score: 2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– High (3) <\/strong>causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> Aulacaspis tubercularis <\/em>is not expected to lower biodiversity, disrupt natural communities, or change ecosystem processes. No known hosts of the scale are listed as threatened or endangered species in California and the scale is not expected to affect critical habitats. It might trigger new chemical treatments in agriculture and by residents who find infested plants unsightly. It receives a Medium (2)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact: \u00a0D<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D. <\/strong>The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/span><\/p>\n

E. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact: Score: 2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2) <\/strong>causes one of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Aulacaspis tubercularis\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(mango scale<\/strong>):\u00a0 High (13)<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n

–Low<\/strong> = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

–Medium<\/strong> = 9-12 points<\/p>\n

-High = <\/strong>13-15 points<\/span><\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Aulacaspis tubercularis <\/em>has never been found in the environment in California and receives a Not Established (0)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category<\/p>\n

Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included.<\/p>\n

-Not established (0) <\/strong>Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

–Low (-1)<\/strong> Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

–Medium (-2)<\/strong> Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

–High (-3)<\/strong> Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score<\/h5>\n

The final score is the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry\u00a0distribution and survey information score: High (13) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncertainty: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Aulacaspis tubercularis <\/em>is commonly intercepted on mango shipments coming from South America and presumably has remained undetected on other consignments.<\/strong> It is possible that it is present in some parts of California or may have failed to establish.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Aulacaspis tubercularis<\/em> apparently is not present in California.\u00a0 If it became established here, it could cause significant economic and environmental impacts. An \u201cA<\/strong>\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

\n
References: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Garc\u00eda Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y., and\u00a0Hardy, N. B. 2016.\u00a0 Aulacaspis tubercularis<\/em>.<\/em>\u00a0 Scale Net: A literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Accessed June 22, 2018:\u00a0 http:\/\/scalenet.info\/catalogue\/Aulacaspis%20tubercularis\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Hodges, G. and Hamon, A. 2016.\u00a0 Pest Alert Florida, FDACS-P-01697 Accessed\u00a0June 22, 2018:\u00a0https:\/\/www.freshfromflorida.com\/layout\/set\/print\/content\/download\/67879\/1610662\/version\/1\/file\/Pest+Alert+-++Aulacaspis+tubercularis%2C+White+Mango+Scale.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

USDA Phytosanitary Certificate Issuance & Tracking System (PCIT). Phytosanitary Export Database (PExD). Harmful organism report: Aulacaspis tubercularis<\/em>.\u00a0Accessed June 22, 2018:\u00a0 https:\/\/pcit.aphis.usda.gov\/pcit\/<\/a><\/p>\n

CDFA Pest and Damage Report Database, 2011. Aulacaspis tubercularis.<\/em> Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services. CA Department of Food and Agriculture.\u00a0Accessed June 22, 2018: http:\/\/phpps.cdfa.ca.gov\/user\/frmLogon2.asp<\/p>\n

\n
Author:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Javaid Iqbal, 1220 N Street, Sacramento, CA, 95814, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 1220 N Street, Sacramento, CA, 95814, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Period:* CLOSED<\/span><\/h5>\n

8\/14\/18 \u2013 9\/28\/18<\/p>\n

\n
*NOTE:<\/span><\/h5>\n

You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. \u00a0If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: A<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead: Mango scale Hemiptera: Diaspididae Pest Rating: A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Aulacaspis tubercularis is frequently intercepted by CDFA. It is currently rated Q, and a pest rating proposal is required to support a permanent pest rating. History & Status: Background: Aulacaspis tubercularis is commonly known as white … Continue reading Mango Scale | Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":129,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[669,18,5],"tags":[675],"class_list":["post-5732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a-rated","category-hemiptera","category-entomology","tag-a-rated-pest"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-1us","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":11560,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=11560","url_meta":{"origin":5732,"position":0},"title":"Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi: Cycad Aulacaspis scale","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"May 8, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi: Cycad Aulacaspis scalePest Rating: B download pest rating profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. 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Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1459,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1459","url_meta":{"origin":5732,"position":4},"title":"Radionaspis indica (Marlatt) | Mango Scale","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"January 15, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Radionaspis indica (Marlatt): Mango Scale Hemiptera:\u00a0 Diaspididae Pest\u00a0Rating: \u00a0B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Since 2005 Radionaspis indica has been regularly intercepted on mango fruit by CDFA\u2019s border stations and dog teams.\u00a0 This scale insect presently has a temporary rating of \u201cQ\u201d.\u00a0 A pest rating proposal\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Hemiptera"","block_context":{"text":"Hemiptera","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=18"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":5607,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5607","url_meta":{"origin":5732,"position":5},"title":"Barber Giant Mealybug | Puto barberi (Cockerell)","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"July 23, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Alessandra Rung, Scale Insects, USDA APHIS ITP, Bugwood.org California Pest Rating for Barber Giant Mealybug | Puto barberi (Cockerell)\u00a0 Hemiptera: Putoidae Pest Rating: A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Puto barberi is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. 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