{"id":5605,"date":"2018-07-23T16:12:32","date_gmt":"2018-07-23T23:12:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5605"},"modified":"2020-02-19T09:05:11","modified_gmt":"2020-02-19T17:05:11","slug":"longhorned-beetle-plagionotus-arcuatus-linnaeus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5605","title":{"rendered":"Longhorned Beetle | Plagionotus arcuatus (Linnaeus)"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Longhorned<\/a>
Giedrius Markevicius, Lithuanian Entomological Society, Bugwood.org<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Longhorned Beetle | Plagionotus arcuatus <\/em><\/strong>(Linnaeus)<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Coleoptera: Cerambycidae<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: A<\/strong><\/h5>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

PEST RATING PROFILE<\/h3>\n

Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Plagionotus arcuatus<\/em> is currently Q-rated.  A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background:<\/u><\/strong>  <\/em>Adult Plagionotus arcuatus<\/em> (P. arcuatus<\/em>) are 9-20 mm in length and black with yellow bands and spots (Lazarev, 2010). The biology of this species does not appear to be well-studied.  The larvae live in dead (reports suggest the wood has usually been dead for only several months) wood of deciduous trees, including Carpinus<\/em>, Castanea<\/em>, Fagus<\/em>, Prunus<\/em>, Robinia<\/em>, Salix<\/em>, and Quercus<\/em> spp.  Reports suggest that this beetle attacks wood that is relatively fresh (i.e., dead, but recently-killed), perhaps several months old (Bar\u0161evskis and Savenkov, 2013; Faggi et al., 2010; Ili\u0107 and \u0106ur\u010di\u0107, 2013; Jonsell, 2008; Sama et al., 2005; Vodka, 2007).  Escherich (1916) reported that this damage lowers the value of oak timber.  No evidence was found suggesting that P. arcuatus<\/em> attacks living trees.  Other species of Plagionotus<\/em> also appear to be restricted to dead trees, although Moraal and Hilszczanski (2000) suggested that one or more species in the genus may have contributed to the death of oak trees in Poland.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u><\/strong>:<\/u><\/strong>  Plagionotus arcuatus<\/em> has been reported from northern Africa (including Libya), central Asia, the Caucasus (including Georgia and Armenia), Europe (including Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Macedonia, Spain, Serbia, and Sweden), Iran, Syria, and Turkey (Bar\u0161evskis and Savenkov, 2013; Faggi et al., 2010; Georgiev and Hubenov, 2006; Ili\u0107 and \u0106ur\u010di\u0107, 2013; Jonsell, 2008; Keszthelyi, 2015; \u00d6zdikmen, 2014; Pe\u00f1a, 2002; Plewa et al., 2015).<\/p>\n

Official Control:<\/u><\/strong> Plagionotus arcuatus<\/em> is not known to be under official control anywhere.<\/p>\n

California Distribution: <\/u><\/strong> Plagionotus arcuatus<\/em> is not known to be present in California (Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network).<\/p>\n

California Interceptions:<\/u><\/strong>  Plagionotus arcuatus<\/em> was intercepted on dunnage that was suspected to have come from Europe in 1996 (CDFA Pest and Damage Report Database, 2018).<\/p>\n

The risk Plagionotus arcuatus <\/em>wo<\/em>uld pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong> Plagionotus arcuatus <\/em>is widely distributed and is found in areas with a range of temperate climates, including Mediterranean. The species feeds on a variety of deciduous trees, including the genera Prunus<\/em> and Quercus<\/em>, which are widely distributed in California.  The species is likely to become established over a large portion of California.  Therefore, arcuatus <\/em>receives a High (3)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) <\/strong>likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/span><\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range: <\/strong>Plagionotus arcuatus<\/em> is reported to feed on at least seven genera from five different families of deciduous trees. Therefore, it receives a High (3)<\/span> <\/strong>in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) has a moderate host range.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) <\/strong>has a wide host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> Plagionotus arcuatus<\/em> can presumably fly.  This beetle can also disperse through movement of firewood, as shown by the interception of multiple living adults in firewood on the island of Majorca (D\u00edaz-Calafut et al., 2017).  Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/span> <\/strong>in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) <\/strong>has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> Plagionotus arcuatus<\/em> attacks recently-cut wood and was reported to reduce the quality of oak timber.  Avoiding damage from this beetle may require changes in the timing of timber harvest.  Forest product (including timber) sales in California totaled $1.4 billion in 2012 (McIver et al., 2015).  Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact:  B, D<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/p>\n

B. <\/strong>The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/span><\/p>\n

C. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/p>\n

D. <\/strong>The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/span><\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score:  2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2)<\/strong> causes 2 of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> If Plagionotus arcuatus<\/em> became established in California, it could possibly compete with native beetles that live in and feed on recently-dead wood. Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact: A<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. <\/strong>The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/span><\/p>\n

B. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/p>\n

E. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact Score:  2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2)<\/strong> causes one of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Plagionotus arcuatus<\/em>: Medium (11)<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n

\u2013Low = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium <\/strong>= 9-12 points<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013High = 13-15 points<\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Plagionotus arcuatus<\/em> is not known to be present in California.  It receives a Not established (0)<\/span> <\/strong>in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013Not established (0) <\/strong>Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013Low (-1) Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium (-2) Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013High (-3) Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

7) The final score is<\/strong> the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: Medium (11)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Uncertainty:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

One report suggests that species in the genus Plagionotus<\/em> may be capable of attacking living trees (Moraal and Hilszczanski, 2000).  If so, P. arcuatus<\/em> may be capable of attacking living trees and the potential impacts of it in California would be greater than considered in this proposal.  However, if this species was capable of inflicting significant damage to living trees, it seems likely that this damage would have been recognized, considering its wide distribution and host range.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Plagionotus arcuatus<\/em> is not known to be present in California.  Although it is only known to attack dead trees, it could lower the value of cut timber and thus poses a threat to the timber industry of California.  For these reasons, an \u201cA<\/strong>\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

\n
References: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Bar\u0161evskis A., and Savenkov, N.  2013.  Contribution to the knowledge of long-horned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Latvia.  Baltic Journal of Coleopterology 13:91-102.<\/p>\n

CDFA Pest and Damage Report Database.  2018.  Plagionotus arcuatus<\/em>.  Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services. CA Department of Food and Agriculture.  Accessed March 19, 2018: https:\/\/pdr.cdfa.ca.gov\/PDR\/pdrmainmenu.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n

Escherich, K.  1916.  Clytus arcuatus<\/em> L. (Cerambycide) als schlimmer technischer Eichensch\u00e4dling.  Naturwissenschaftliche Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Land- und Forstwirtschaft 14:272-273.<\/p>\n

Faggi, M., Nappini, S., and Biscaccianti, A. B.  2010.  Studies on longhorn beetles (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) of the Monte Ruffino Nature Reserve and Bosco del Sasseto Natural Monument (Lazio, Central Italy).  Journal of Zoology 93:31-45.<\/p>\n

Georgiev, G., and Hubenov, Z.  2006.  Vertical Distribution and Zoogeographical Characteristics of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) Family in Bulgaria.  Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 58:315-343.<\/p>\n

Ili\u0107, N., and \u0106ur\u010di\u0107, S.  2013.  The longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) of Rtanj Mountain (Serbia).  Acta Entomologica Serbica 18:69-04.<\/p>\n

Jonsell, M.  2008.  Saproxylic beetle species in logging residues: Which are they and which residues do they use?  Norwegian Journal of Entomology 55:109-122.<\/p>\n

Keszthelyi, S.  2015.  Diversity and seasonal patterns of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the Zselic region, Hungary. North-Western Journal of Zoology 11:62-69.<\/p>\n

Lazarev, M. A.  2010.  New subspecies of Plagionotus arcuatus<\/em> (Linnaeus, 1758) from Transcaucasia and Kyrgyzstan (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).  Studies and Reports, Taxonomical Series 6:149-164.<\/p>\n

Moraal, L. G., and Hilszczanski, J.  2000.  The oak buprestid beetle, Agrilus biguttatus<\/em> (F.) (Col., Buprestidae), a recent factor in oak decline in Europe.  Anzeiger f\u00fcr Sch\u00e4dlingskunde 73:134-138.<\/p>\n

McIver, C. P., Meek, J. P., Scudder, M. G., Sorenson, C. B., Morgan, T. A., and Christensen, G. A.  2012.  California\u2019s Forest Products Industry and Timber Harvest, 2012.  United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, General Technical Report PNW-GTR-908.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zdikmen, H.  2014.  Turkish red list categories of longicorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Part VIII-Subfamily Cerambycinae: Anaglyptini and Clytini.  Munis Entomology & Zoology Journal 9:687-712.<\/p>\n

Pe\u00f1a, C. F. G.  2002.  Cat\u00e1logo de los Ceramb\u00edcidos de Arag\u00f3n.  Catalogus de la Entomofauna Aragonesa 27:3-43.<\/p>\n

Plewa, R., Marczak, D., Borowski, J., Mokrzycki, T., Jakubowski, M., and G\u00f3rski, P.  2015.  New Data on the Occurrence of Longhorn Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the Republic of Macedonia.  Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 67:43-50.<\/p>\n

Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network.  Accessed March 16, 2017: http:\/\/scan1.acis.ufl.edu<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n
Author:<\/h5>\n

Kyle Beucke, 1220 N Street, Room 221, Sacramento, CA, 95814, 916-403-6741; plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 2800 Gateway Oaks, Sacramento CA 95833, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Period:* CLOSED<\/span><\/h5>\n

7\/24\/18 \u2013 9\/07\/18<\/p>\n

\n
*NOTE:<\/span><\/h5>\n

You must be registered and logged in to post a comment.  If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666  Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s) being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction:  1. Climate\/Host Interaction: [Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666  Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666  Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic, sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666  Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666  Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: A<\/strong><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Posted by ls <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Longhorned Beetle | Plagionotus arcuatus (Linnaeus) Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Pest Rating: A     PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Plagionotus arcuatus is currently Q-rated.  A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background:  Adult Plagionotus arcuatus (P. arcuatus) are 9-20 mm in length and … Continue reading Longhorned Beetle | Plagionotus arcuatus (Linnaeus)<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":325,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[669,15,5],"tags":[675],"class_list":["post-5605","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a-rated","category-coleoptera","category-entomology","tag-a-rated-pest"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-1sp","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":5057,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5057","url_meta":{"origin":5605,"position":0},"title":"Longhorned 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Taiwan Slender Longhorned Beetle","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"October 13, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Stenhomalus taiwanus Matsushita: Taiwan Slender Longhorned Beetle Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Pest Rating: \u00a0A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: In September 2016 the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) New Pest Advisory Group (NPAG) released a report on Stenohomalus taiwanus that recommended that USDA establish a non-reportable\/non-actionable port\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Coleoptera"","block_context":{"text":"Coleoptera","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=15"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1954,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1954","url_meta":{"origin":5605,"position":2},"title":"Insects, Mites & Earthworms","author":"Admin","date":"May 13, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Insects and mites are related in that their skeletons are on the outside (Phyllum: Arthropoda), but differ in that adult insects have six legs and adult mites have eight.\u00a0 Both groups can be beneficial, neutral or destructive to their environment.\u00a0 Like nematodes, they can cause yearly losses in the billions\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Ratings"","block_context":{"text":"Ratings","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=333"},"img":{"alt_text":"Insects and Mites Banner","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, 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History & Status: Background: \u00a0Arhopalus pinetorum is a reddish-brown beetle that is\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":10657,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=10657","url_meta":{"origin":5605,"position":4},"title":"Sybra alternans Wiedemann: longhorn beetle","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"June 7, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Sybra alternans Wiedemann: longhorn beetlePest Rating: A DOWNLOAD PEST RATING profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. 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