{"id":5575,"date":"2018-07-03T15:13:31","date_gmt":"2018-07-03T22:13:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5575"},"modified":"2018-08-24T13:40:51","modified_gmt":"2018-08-24T20:40:51","slug":"weevil-oxydema-longula-beheman","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5575","title":{"rendered":"Weevil | Oxydema longula (Boheman)"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating\u00a0 for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Weevil | Oxydema longula <\/em><\/strong>(Boheman)<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Coleoptera: Curculionidae<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: C<\/strong><\/h5>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\n

PEST RATING PROFILE<\/h3>\n

Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Oxydema longula<\/em> is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background:<\/u><\/strong> \u00a0Oxydema longula <\/em>is a weevil that measure 5-5.5 mm in length and is black and shining (Boheman, 1859).\u00a0 The species occurs in a variety of dead and decaying plant material, and the larvae are reported to feed in dead ferns and bamboo and rotting wood (Blackburn and Sharp, 1887; Swezey, 1922; Swezey, 1925; Swezey, 1954).\u00a0 This weevil has been reported to be associated with living plants as well.\u00a0 For example, it bored into rubber trees and \u201cmatured\u201d sisal plants and \u201criddled\u201d a papaya tree in Hawaii (Kuhns, 1908; Smith and Bradford, 1908; Van Dine, 1906).\u00a0 The species has also been intercepted on cordyline (Hunt, 1954).\u00a0 These records do not necessarily indicate that this weevil attacks living plant tissue.\u00a0 The boring in rubber trees occurred in rubber tapping injuries.\u00a0 Regarding the sisal plant records, this plant is harvested via removal of older leaves, so the burrowing of the weevil could have exploited dead tissue resulting from harvesting injuries.\u00a0 The weevil(s) intercepted on cordyline could simply have been using the plant as shelter, or it could have been feeding on a dead portion of the plant.<\/p>\n

Little information was found on the biology of the genus Oxydema<\/em>, but Oxydema fusiforme <\/em>Wollaston is reported to feed on rotting plant material, including rotting wood and boards and dead morning glory vines (Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1922; Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1935; Loschiavo and Okumura, 1979).<\/p>\n

Synonyms of Oxydema longula<\/em> include Oxydema longulum<\/em> (Boheman), Oxydema longulus<\/em> (Boheman), Pseudolus longulus<\/em> (Boheman), and Rhyncolus longulus<\/em> Boheman.\u00a0 Information reported for these synonyms was considered in this proposal.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u><\/strong>:<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0 Oxydema longula<\/em> is reported from Hawaii (all islands), Midway Atoll, and Saipan Island (Konishi, 1956; Suehiro, 1960; Zimmerman, 1940).\u00a0 It may be native to Hawaii and introduced to the other areas.<\/p>\n

Official Control:<\/u><\/strong> Oxydema longula<\/em> is not known to be under official control anywhere.<\/p>\n

California Distribution: <\/u><\/strong>\u00a0Oxydema longula<\/em> is not known to be present in California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions:<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0 Oxydema longula<\/em> has been intercepted 12 times on various plant products from Hawaii, including cut flowers (CDFA Pest and Damage Report Database, 2018).<\/p>\n

The risk Oxydema longula <\/em>wo<\/em>uld pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong> Oxydema longula<\/em> is found in areas with a tropical to subtropical climate. Climate may limit this weevil\u2019s potential distribution in California.\u00a0 This weevil apparently feeds on a wide variety of decaying plant material.\u00a0 Presence of food is not expected to be a limiting factor in its potential distribution in California. Therefore, Oxydema longula <\/em>receives a Medium (2)<\/span> <\/strong>in this category.<\/p>\n

Score:<\/span> 2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) <\/strong>may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range: <\/strong>Oxydema longula<\/em> is reported to feed on a wide variety of rotting plant material. Therefore, it receives a High (3)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) has a moderate host range.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) <\/strong>has a wide host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> Another species of Oxydema<\/em>, fusiforme<\/em>, was collected at light in Hawaii, so it presumably flies (Browne, 1942).\u00a0 Oxydema<\/em> longula<\/em> is presumed to fly as well.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

Score: 2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) <\/strong>has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> Oxydema longula<\/em> has not been reported to cause economic damage.\u00a0 The available evidence strongly suggests that it feeds on dead, rotting plant material.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a Low (1)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact:<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/p>\n

B. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/p>\n

C. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score: \u00a01<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) <\/strong>causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> Oxydema longula<\/em> apparently feeds on dead plant material. The species is therefore not expected to threaten living plants.\u00a0 However, it could compete with native insects that also feed on dead plant material.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact:\u00a0 A<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. <\/strong>The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/span><\/p>\n

B. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/p>\n

E. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact. Score:<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact Score: \u00a02<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) <\/strong>causes one of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Oxydema longula<\/em>: Medium (10)<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

\u2013Low = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium <\/strong>= 9-12 points<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013High = 13-15 points<\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Oxydema longula<\/em> is not known to be present in California.\u00a0 It receives a Not established (0)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013Not established (0) <\/strong>Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013Low (-1) Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium (-2) Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013High (-3) Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

7) The final score is<\/strong> the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: Medium (10)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Uncertainty:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

There is a possibility that O. longula<\/em> may feed on living plant tissue, although the available reports generally state dead (often rotting) plant material as the food.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Oxydema longula<\/em> is a weevil that is reported to feed on dead plant material.\u00a0 This saprophagous lifestyle suggests that it does not pose an economic or environmental risk to California.\u00a0 For these reasons, a \u201cC<\/strong>\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

\n
References: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Blackburn, T. and Sharp, D.\u00a0 1885.\u00a0 Memoirs on the Coleoptera of the Hawaiian Islands.\u00a0 The Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society 3:119-300.<\/p>\n

Boheman, C. H.\u00a0 1859.\u00a0 Coleoptera.\u00a0 pp. 113-218 in<\/em> Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies.\u00a0 P.A. Norstedt & S\u00f6ner, Stockholm.<\/p>\n

Browne, A. C.\u00a0 1942.\u00a0 Insects taken at light at Kalawahine Place, Honolulu.\u00a0 Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 11:151-152.<\/p>\n

CDFA Pest and Damage Report Database.\u00a0 2018.\u00a0 Oxydema longula<\/em>.\u00a0 Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services. CA Department of Food and Agriculture.\u00a0 Accessed April 16, 2018:\u00a0https:\/\/pdr.cdfa.ca.gov\/PDR\/pdrmainmenu.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n

Hawaiian Entomological Society.\u00a0 1922.\u00a0 November 3, 1921.\u00a0 Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 5:32-35.<\/p>\n

Hawaiian Entomological Society.\u00a0 1935.\u00a0 April 5, 1934.\u00a0 Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 5:12-16.<\/p>\n

Hunt, J.\u00a0 1954.\u00a0 List of intercepted plant pests, 1954.\u00a0 United States Department of Agriculture.<\/p>\n

Konishi, M.\u00a0 1955.\u00a0 Cossoninae of Marcus Island.\u00a0 Insecta Matsumurana 19:64.<\/p>\n

Kuhns, D. B.\u00a0 Noted on Maui insects.\u00a0 Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 2:93.<\/p>\n

Loschiavo, S. R. and Okumura, G. T.\u00a0 1979.\u00a0 A survey of stored product insects in Hawaii.\u00a0 Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 13:95-118.<\/p>\n

Smith, J. G. and Bradford, Q. Q.\u00a0 1908.\u00a0 The ceara rubber tree in Hawaii.\u00a0 Bulletin of the Hawaii Agricultural Station 16:1-30.<\/p>\n

Suehiro, A.\u00a0 1960.\u00a0 Insects and other arthropods from Midway Atoll.\u00a0 Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 17:289-298.<\/p>\n

Swezey, O. H.\u00a0 1922.\u00a0 Insects attacking ferns in the Hawaiian Islands.\u00a0 Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 5:57-65.<\/p>\n

Swezey, O. H.\u00a0 1925.\u00a0 The insect fauna of trees and plants as an index of their endemicity and relative antiquity in the Hawaiian Islands.\u00a0 Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 6:195-209.<\/p>\n

Swezey, O. H.\u00a0 1954.\u00a0 Forest entomology in Hawaii.\u00a0 Bernice Bishop Museum Special Publication 44:1-265.<\/p>\n

Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network.\u00a0 Accessed April 27, 2018.\u00a0http:\/\/scan1.acis.ufl.edu<\/a><\/p>\n

Van Dine, D. L.\u00a0 1906.\u00a0 Report of the entomologist.\u00a0 Report on Agricultural Investigations in Hawaii 1906:38-59.<\/p>\n

Zimmerman, E. C.\u00a0 1940.\u00a0 Synopsis of the genera of Hawaiian Cossoninae with notes on their origin and distribution.\u00a0 Occasional Papers of Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii 15:271-293.<\/p>\n

\n
Author:<\/h5>\n

Kyle Beucke, 1220 N Street, Room 221, Sacramento, CA, 95814, 916-403-6741; plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 2800 Gateway Oaks, Sacramento CA 95833, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Period:* CLOSED<\/span><\/h5>\n

7\/3\/18 \u2013 8\/17\/18<\/p>\n

\n
*NOTE:<\/span><\/h5>\n

You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. \u00a0If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: C<\/strong><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Posted by ls\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating\u00a0 for Weevil | Oxydema longula (Boheman) Coleoptera: Curculionidae Pest Rating: C \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Oxydema longula is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background: \u00a0Oxydema longula is a weevil that measure 5-5.5 mm in length and is … Continue reading Weevil | Oxydema longula (Boheman)<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":325,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[671,15,5],"tags":[676],"class_list":["post-5575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-c-rated","category-coleoptera","category-entomology","tag-c-rated-pest"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-1rV","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1954,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1954","url_meta":{"origin":5575,"position":0},"title":"Insects, Mites & Earthworms","author":"Admin","date":"May 13, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Insects and mites are related in that their skeletons are on the outside (Phyllum: Arthropoda), but differ in that adult insects have six legs and adult mites have eight.\u00a0 Both groups can be beneficial, neutral or destructive to their environment.\u00a0 Like nematodes, they can cause yearly losses in the billions\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Ratings"","block_context":{"text":"Ratings","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=333"},"img":{"alt_text":"Insects and Mites Banner","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":6582,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=6582","url_meta":{"origin":5575,"position":1},"title":"Ceratapion basicorne (Illiger): a weevil coleoptera: apionidae","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"November 12, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Ceratapion basicorne (Illiger): a weevil Pest Rating: D download pest rating profile *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by ka","rel":"","context":"In "Coleoptera"","block_context":{"text":"Coleoptera","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=15"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8919,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=8919","url_meta":{"origin":5575,"position":2},"title":"Anthonomus rubi (Herbst): strawberry blossom weevil","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"September 15, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Anthonomus rubi (Herbst): strawberry blossom weevilPest Rating: A download pest rating profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":14069,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=14069","url_meta":{"origin":5575,"position":3},"title":"Anthonomus testaceosquamosus Linell: Hibiscus bud weevil","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"August 22, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Anthonomus testaceosquamosus Linell: Hibiscus bud weevil Pest Rating: A Comment Period:\u00a008\/22\/2025 \u2013 10\/06\/2025 Download Pest Rating Profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":5636,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5636","url_meta":{"origin":5575,"position":4},"title":"Twobanded Japanese Weevil | Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus","author":"Karen Olmstead","date":"July 25, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Figure 1: Pseudcneorhinus bifasciatus (Photo: Judy Gallagher) California Pest Rating for Name: Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus Roelofs (twobanded Japanese weevil) Synonym: Callirhopalus bifasciatus (Roelofs) Order: Coleoptera Family: Curculionidae Pest Rating: A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"Twobanded Japanese Weevil","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/twobanded-Japanese-weevil-PRP-195x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":3824,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3824","url_meta":{"origin":5575,"position":5},"title":"Sri Lankan Weevil | Myllocerus undecimpustulatus undatus","author":"Javaid Iqbal","date":"July 7, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Myllocerus undecimpustulatus undatus: Sri Lankan weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae Pest Rating: A \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Myllocerus undecimpustulatus undatus has been rated A by CDFA. 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