{"id":5553,"date":"2018-06-27T14:30:42","date_gmt":"2018-06-27T21:30:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5553"},"modified":"2018-08-13T13:56:08","modified_gmt":"2018-08-13T20:56:08","slug":"european-pine-resin-midge-cecidomyia-pini-degeer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5553","title":{"rendered":"European Pine Resin Midge | Cecidomyia pini (DeGeer)"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating\u00a0 for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
European Pine Resin Midge | Cecidomyia pini <\/em><\/strong>(DeGeer)<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Diptera: Cecidomyiidae<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: A<\/strong><\/h5>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\n

PEST RATING PROFILE<\/h3>\n

Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Cecidomyia pini<\/em> is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background:<\/u><\/strong> \u00a0<\/em>Adult Cecidomyia pini<\/em> are delicate flies with a brown-black color (DeGeer, 1776).\u00a0 The size was not found by the author of this proposal, but adults of other Cecidomyia<\/em> species are 2-5 mm in length.\u00a0 The larvae of C. pini<\/em> are yellow-red in color and are found on needles of Abies <\/em>(fir), Picea <\/em>(spruce), and Pinus<\/em> (pine) species.\u00a0 The larvae apparently feed on accumulations of resin on the needles (Barnes, 1951).\u00a0 Gagn\u00e9 (1978) stated that Cecidomyia<\/em> species are \u201cprimary feeders and cause extensive damage to pines.\u201d\u00a0 However, the literature is equivocal regarding the impact of C. pini<\/em> on host trees.\u00a0 Barnes (1951) considered C. pini<\/em> not to be economically significant.\u00a0 It is possible that C. pini<\/em> feeds on resin that is released from pre-existing injuries, for example, feeding damage caused by another insect (Barnes, 1951; Felt, 1906).\u00a0 Two sources suggest that C. pini<\/em> causes damage to pine cones, including the death of cones and the loss of seeds (Dormont et al.; 1996; Roques et al., 2017). \u00a0Other species of Cecidomyia<\/em> are reported to cause damage to pines, including gall-like deformities (California Forest Pest Control Action Council, 1968; Ferrell et al., 1987; Gagn\u00e9, 1978; Reeks, 1960).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The larvae of Cecidomyia pini<\/em> build cocoons on the needles and pupate in them.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u><\/strong>:<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0 Cecidomyia pini<\/em> is found in northern and central Europe (Gagn\u00e9 and Jaschhof, 2017).<\/p>\n

Official Control:<\/u><\/strong> Cecidomyia pini<\/em> is not known to be under official control anywhere.<\/p>\n

California Distribution: <\/u><\/strong>\u00a0Cecidomyia pini<\/em> is not known to be present in California (Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network).<\/p>\n

California Interceptions:<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0 Cecidomyia pini<\/em> may have been intercepted on conifer wood dunnage intercepted in San Francisco in 1987 (CDFA Pest and Damage Report Database, 2018).<\/p>\n

The risk Cecidomyia pini <\/em>wo<\/em>uld pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong> Cecidomyia pini<\/em> is reported from a large area, including much of Europe. This suggests that the climate of much of California would be suitable for the species.\u00a0 Cecidomyia pini<\/em> is known to feed on at least three conifer genera, including Pinus<\/em>, and there may be suitable host trees throughout California.\u00a0 It is likely that pini<\/em> could become established over a large portion of California.\u00a0 Therefore, C. pini <\/em>receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3)<\/strong> likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/span><\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range: <\/strong>Cecidomyia pini<\/em> is known to feed on at least three genera of coniferous trees. Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) <\/strong>has a moderate host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has a wide host range.<\/p>\n

3) Pest Reproductive and Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> Adult pini<\/em> presumably fly, although it is not known how far they are capable of flying.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/span> <\/strong>in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> Cecidomyia pini<\/em> has been reported to impact pine seed production (but see Uncertainty, below).\u00a0 If this species became established in California, it could impact regeneration of pine trees, which could impact timber yield. Therefore, it receives a Low (1)<\/span> <\/strong>in this category.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact:\u00a0 A<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. <\/strong>The pest could lower crop yield.<\/span><\/p>\n

B. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/p>\n

C. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score: 1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1)<\/strong> causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> Cecidomyia pini<\/em> is reported to impact pine seed production (but see Uncertainty, below). If this species became established in California, it could threaten rare pines, including Bolander\u2019s beach pine (Pinus contorta bolanderi<\/em>) and Torrey pine (Pinus torreyana torreyana<\/em>) (Calflora).\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/span> <\/strong>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact:\u00a0 B<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B. <\/strong>The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/span><\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/p>\n

E. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact Score: 2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2)<\/strong> causes one of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Cecidomyia pini<\/em>: Medium (10)<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

\u2013Low = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium <\/strong>= 9-12 points<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013High = 13-15 points<\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Cecidomyia pini<\/em> is not known to be present in California.\u00a0 It receives a Not established (0)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013Not established (0) <\/strong>Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013Low (-1) Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium (-2) Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013High (-3) Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

7) The final score is<\/strong> the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: Medium (10)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Uncertainty:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

The most important uncertainty in this proposal is the potential for C. pini<\/em> to impact plants.\u00a0 The biology of this species does not appear to be well-known.\u00a0 Two sources (cited above) suggest that this species causes damage to pine cones, resulting in loss of seeds.\u00a0 This species is very widely distributed, and it seems likely that it is not causing significant damage in its current range if only for the fact that there are so few reports of damage.\u00a0 It is not known if natural enemies in its native range (which may not be present in California) regulate the amount of damage inflicted by C. pini<\/em>.\u00a0 It is possible that the damage to the pine cones in the reported cases was caused by another insect and this damage was blamed on the C. pini<\/em>, which could have simply taken advantage of the release of resin.\u00a0 It is possible that C. pini<\/em> poses no threat, economic or environmental, to California.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Cecidomyia pini<\/em> is a widespread European fly that is not known to occur in California.\u00a0 It feeds on conifer resin on living trees, and reports suggest that it causes damage to trees.\u00a0 Because of the possibility of damage to living conifers in California, this species may pose an economic and environmental threat to this state.\u00a0 For these reasons, an \u201cA<\/strong>\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

\n
References: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Barnes, H. F.\u00a0 1951.\u00a0 Gall midges of economic importance, Volume V: Gall midges of trees.\u00a0 Crosby Lockwood & Son Ltd., London.<\/p>\n

Calflora: Information on California plants for education, research and conservation, with data contributed by public and private institutions and individuals, including the Consortium of California Herbaria.\u00a0 Accessed March 26, 2017: http:\/\/www.calflora.org<\/a><\/p>\n

California Forest Pest Control Action Council.\u00a0 1968.\u00a0 Forest pest conditions on California \u2013 1967.\u00a0 California Division of Forestry.<\/p>\n

DeGeer, C.\u00a0 1776.\u00a0 Memoires pour server a l\u2019histoire des insectes, Volume 6.\u00a0 Pierre Hesselberg, Stockholm.<\/p>\n

Ferrell, G. T., Bedard, W. D., and Jenkinson, J. L.\u00a0 1987.\u00a0 Gouty pitch midge damage to ponderosa pines planted on fertile and infertile soils in the western Sierra Nevada.\u00a0 United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Research Note PSW-390.<\/p>\n

Gagn\u00e9, R. J.\u00a0 1978.\u00a0 A systematic analysis of the pine pitch midges, Cecidomyia<\/em> spp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae).\u00a0 United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1575:1-18.<\/p>\n

Gagn\u00e9, R. J. and Jaschhof, M.\u00a0 2017.\u00a0 A catalog of Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the world, 4th edition.\u00a0 Accessed April 25, 2018: https:\/\/www.ars.usda.gov\/ARSUserFiles\/80420580\/Gagne_2017_World_Cat_4th_ed.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Reeks, W. A.\u00a0 1960.\u00a0 Observations on the life history, distribution, and abundance of two species of Cecidomyia<\/em> (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) on jack pine in Manitoba and Saskatchewan.\u00a0 The Canadian Entomologist 92:154-160.<\/p>\n

Roques, A., Talg\u00f8, V., Fan, J. -T., and Auger-Rozenberg, M. -A.\u00a0 2017.\u00a0 Damage to flowers, cones and seeds of coniferous woody plants.\u00a0 Pp. 89-223 in<\/em> Roques, A., Cleary, M., Matsiakh, I., and Eschen, R. (eds.), Field Guide for the Identification of Damage on Woody Sentinel Plants.\u00a0 CABI, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.<\/p>\n

Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network.\u00a0 Accessed March 26, 2017: http:\/\/scan1.acis.ufl.edu<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n
Author:<\/h5>\n

Kyle Beucke, 1220 N Street, Room 221, Sacramento, CA, 95814, 916-403-6741; plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 2800 Gateway Oaks, Sacramento CA 95833, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Period:* CLOSED<\/span><\/h5>\n

6\/27\/18 \u2013 8\/11\/18<\/p>\n

\n
*NOTE:<\/span><\/h5>\n

You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. \u00a0If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: A<\/strong><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Posted by ls\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating\u00a0 for European Pine Resin Midge | Cecidomyia pini (DeGeer) Diptera: Cecidomyiidae Pest Rating: A \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Cecidomyia pini is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background: \u00a0Adult Cecidomyia pini are delicate flies with a brown-black color … Continue reading European Pine Resin Midge | Cecidomyia pini (DeGeer)<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":325,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[669,17,5],"tags":[675],"class_list":["post-5553","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a-rated","category-diptera","category-entomology","tag-a-rated-pest"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-1rz","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":5135,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5135","url_meta":{"origin":5553,"position":0},"title":"Dwarf Siberian pine beetle | Dryocoetes pini","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"April 9, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating\u00a0 for Dwarf Siberian Pine Beetle | Dryocoetes pini Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae Pest Rating: A \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Dryocoetes pini is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. 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Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":539,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=539","url_meta":{"origin":5553,"position":5},"title":"Horidiplosis ficifolii Harris: An Ornamental Fig Pest","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"March 16, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Horidiplosis ficifolii Harris: An Ornamental Fig Pest Diptera: Cecidomyiidae Pest\u00a0Rating: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: On November 14, 2014, Dr. Martin Hauser identified Horidiplosis ficifolii on ornamental shrubs in San Diego (PDR 370P06228129). 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