{"id":5486,"date":"2018-06-21T11:01:02","date_gmt":"2018-06-21T18:01:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5486"},"modified":"2018-08-06T14:37:10","modified_gmt":"2018-08-06T21:37:10","slug":"slender-banded-pine-cone-longhorn-beetle-chlorophorus-strobilicola","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5486","title":{"rendered":"Slender-banded Pine Cone Longhorn Beetle | Chlorophorus strobilicola"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Chlorophorus strobilicola <\/em><\/strong>Champion: Slender-banded Pine Cone Longhorn Beetle<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Coleoptera: Cerambycidae<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: A<\/strong><\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

PEST RATING PROFILE<\/h3>\n

Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Chlorophorus strobilicola<\/em> is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background:<\/u><\/strong> \u00a0Chlorophorus strobilicola <\/em>is an elongate beetle that measures 7.5-9.5 mm in length and is reddish-brown with white bands on the elytra (Champion, 1919; Jackson et al., 2010).\u00a0 This beetle lays eggs in living, green (second and third-year) cones of Pinus roxburghii<\/em> in India (Singh et al., 2005).\u00a0 The larvae burrow into and feed on the internal portions of the cone (Duffy, 1953).\u00a0 This feeding damage results in loss of cone fertility and the cone can break off before it completes development (Champion, 1919).\u00a0 Up to 40 percent of cones can be infested (Beeson, 1941).\u00a0 The habitat of this beetle is described as pine forests at elevations of 3500-6500 feet above sea level; the climate in this area is apparently subtropical (Champion, 1919).<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u><\/strong>:<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0 Chlorophorus strobilicola<\/em> is only known to occur in Uttarakhand, India (Kariyanna et al., 2017).<\/p>\n

Official Control:<\/u><\/strong> Chlorophorus strobilicola <\/em>is a Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey priority pest (Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey, 2018).\u00a0 Interceptions of this beetle triggered a Federal recall of pine cones imported from India in 2003-2004 (North American Plant Protection Organization, 2004).<\/p>\n

California Distribution: <\/u><\/strong>\u00a0Chlorophorus strobilicola<\/em> is not known to be present in California (Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network).<\/p>\n

California Interceptions:<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0 Chlorophorus strobilicola<\/em> was intercepted on pine cones from India in Alameda and Fresno counties in 2003 and 2004 (CDFA Pest and Damage Report Database, 2018). \u00a0These interceptions were apparently a result of the Federal recall.<\/p>\n

The risk Chlorophorus strobilicola <\/em>wo<\/em>uld pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong> The only known host plant of Chlorophorus strobilicola<\/em>, Pinus roxburghii<\/em>, may be grown in California, and it is possible that other species of pines present in this state could be utilized by this beetle as well. The native distribution in India of this beetle has a subtropical climate, and that climate might limit the potential distribution of this species in California. \u00a0Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) <\/strong>may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range: <\/strong>Chlorophorus strobilicola<\/em> is only known to feed on Pinus roxburghii<\/em>. Therefore, it receives a Low (1)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1)<\/strong> has a very limited host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) has a moderate host range.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has a wide host range.<\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> Chlorophorus strobilicola<\/em> is capable of flight.\u00a0 This beetle is also obviously capable of being dispersed through movement of pine cones, as proven by the interception of numerous specimens in the United States of pine cones from India.\u00a0 However, this may be an unlikely mode of dispersal within California (once this species is already present in the state). Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> Pines are important timber trees in California.\u00a0 If Chlorophorus strobilicola<\/em> became established in California, it could reduce the seed yield of pines, which might lower timber yield and impact the industry.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a Low (1)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact:\u00a0 A<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A.<\/strong> The pest could lower crop yield.<\/span><\/p>\n

B. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/p>\n

C. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score: 1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) <\/strong>causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> If Chlorophorus strobilicola<\/em> became established in California, it could attack native pines, including some rare ones, including the threatened Santa Rosa Island torrey pine (Pinus torreyana<\/em> insularis<\/em>) (Calflora). Attacks on native pine trees could reduce natural regeneration of these species, which could disrupt natural communities.\u00a0 Pines dominate millions of acres in California, and thus any impact on pines in California could also impact plant and animal species in these ecosystems.\u00a0 Therefore, this beetle receives a High (3)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact: A, B<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. <\/strong>The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/span><\/p>\n

B. <\/strong>The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/span><\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/p>\n

E. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) causes one of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) <\/strong>causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Chlorophorus strobilicola<\/em>: Medium (9)<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

\u2013Low = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium = <\/strong>9-12 points<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013High = 13-15 points<\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Chlorophorus strobilicola<\/em> is not known to occur in California.\u00a0 It receives a Not established (0)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013Not established (0) <\/strong>Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013Low (-1) Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium (-2) Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013High (-3) Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

7) The final score is<\/strong> the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: Medium (9)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Uncertainty:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

There is significant uncertainty regarding the ability of Chlorophorus strobilicola<\/em> to become established in California and the suitability of California pines as host plants.\u00a0 This beetle appears to be restricted to an area with a subtropical climate, and it is only reported to feed on one species of pine.\u00a0 This beetle could feed on additional species of pines (possibly including native California species) and could survive in at least one climate represented in California.\u00a0 Champion (1919) suggested that this beetle might only be able to attack injured cones, but evidence of this was not found in other literature.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Chlorophorus strobilicola<\/em> is a beetle that attacks pine cones in India.\u00a0 If it can become established in California and attack pines in California, it would pose an economic and environmental threat to the state. \u00a0For these reasons, an \u201cA<\/strong>\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

References: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Beeson, C. F. C.\u00a0 1941.\u00a0 The ecology and control of the forest insects of India and the neighboring countries.\u00a0 C.F.C. Beeson.\u00a0 Dehra Dun, India.<\/p>\n

Calflora: Information on California plants for education, research and conservation, with data contributed by public and private institutions and individuals, including the Consortium of California Herbaria.\u00a0 Accessed March 6, 2018: http:\/\/www.calflora.org<\/a><\/p>\n

CDFA Pest and Damage Report Database. 2018. Chlorophorus strobilicola<\/em>. Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services. CA Department of Food and Agriculture. Accessed April 6, 2018: http:\/\/phpps.cdfa.ca.gov\/user\/frmLogon2.asp<\/a><\/p>\n

Champion, H. G.\u00a0 1919.\u00a0 A cerambycid infesting pine cones from India, Chlorophorus strobilicola<\/em>, n. sp.\u00a0 Entomologists\u2019s Monthly Magazine 58:219-224.<\/p>\n

Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey.\u00a0 2018.\u00a0 Accessed February 28, 2018: https:\/\/caps.ceris.purdue.edu\/pest-lists<\/a><\/p>\n

Duffy, E. A. J.\u00a0 1953.\u00a0 A monograph of the immature stages of British and imported timber beetles (Cerambycidae).\u00a0 British Museum, London.<\/p>\n

Jackson, L., Price, T., Smith, G., Campbell, N., and Stiers, E.\u00a0 2010.\u00a0 Exotic wood borer\/bark beetle national survey guidelines.\u00a0 Accessed February 28, 2018:\u00a0 http:\/\/apollo.umenfa.maine.edu\/SFR457_458_557\/Documents\/SFR458\/EWB_BB%20Survey%20Manual%208_31_10.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Kariyanna, B., Mohan, M., Gupta, R., and Vitali, F.\u00a0 2017.\u00a0 The checklist of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from India.\u00a0 Zootaxa 4345:001-317.<\/p>\n

North American Plant Protection Organization.\u00a0 2004.\u00a0 Recall of various products containing pine cones from India.\u00a0 Accessed February 28, 2018:\u00a0\u00a0www.pestalert.org\/oprDetail_print.cfm?oprid=99<\/a><\/p>\n

Singh, S., Belokobylskij, S. A., Chauhan, N., and Pande, S.\u00a0 2005.\u00a0 Description of a new species of the genus Spasskia<\/em> Belokobylskij, 1989 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from India, with first record of the genus in the Oriental region.\u00a0 Annales Zoologici (Warszawa) 55:95-98.<\/p>\n

Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network.\u00a0 Accessed March 6, 2018: http:\/\/scan1.acis.ufl.edu<\/a><\/p>\n

\n
Author:<\/h5>\n

Kyle Beucke, 1220 N Street, Room 221, Sacramento, CA, 95814, 916-403-6741; plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 2800 Gateway Oaks, Sacramento CA 95833, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Period:* CLOSED<\/span><\/h5>\n

6\/21\/18 \u2013 8\/5\/18<\/p>\n

\n
*NOTE:<\/span><\/h5>\n

You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. \u00a0If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: A<\/strong><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Posted by ls\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Chlorophorus strobilicola Champion: Slender-banded Pine Cone Longhorn Beetle Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Pest Rating: A   PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Chlorophorus strobilicola is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background: \u00a0Chlorophorus strobilicola is an elongate beetle that measures 7.5-9.5 mm … Continue reading Slender-banded Pine Cone Longhorn Beetle | Chlorophorus strobilicola<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":325,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[669,15,5],"tags":[675],"class_list":["post-5486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a-rated","category-coleoptera","category-entomology","tag-a-rated-pest"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-1qu","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":10657,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=10657","url_meta":{"origin":5486,"position":0},"title":"Sybra alternans Wiedemann: longhorn beetle","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"June 7, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Sybra alternans Wiedemann: longhorn beetlePest Rating: A DOWNLOAD PEST RATING profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. 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If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. posted by ta","rel":"","context":"In "B-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"B-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=670"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8685,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=8685","url_meta":{"origin":5486,"position":2},"title":"Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann): velvet longhorn beetle","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"July 19, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann): velvet longhorn beetlePest Rating: B download pest rating profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "B-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"B-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=670"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":10668,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=10668","url_meta":{"origin":5486,"position":3},"title":"Callidiellum rufipenne (Motschulsky): cedar longhorn beetle","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"June 8, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Callidiellum rufipenne (Motschulsky): cedar longhorn beetlePest Rating: A download pest rating profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1954,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1954","url_meta":{"origin":5486,"position":4},"title":"Insects, Mites & Earthworms","author":"Admin","date":"May 13, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Insects and mites are related in that their skeletons are on the outside (Phyllum: Arthropoda), but differ in that adult insects have six legs and adult mites have eight.\u00a0 Both groups can be beneficial, neutral or destructive to their environment.\u00a0 Like nematodes, they can cause yearly losses in the billions\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Ratings"","block_context":{"text":"Ratings","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=333"},"img":{"alt_text":"Insects and Mites Banner","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7421,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=7421","url_meta":{"origin":5486,"position":5},"title":"Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston): Mediterranean pine engraver Coleoptera: Curculionidae","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"July 30, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston): Mediterranean pine engraverPest Rating: C download pest rating profile *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. 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