{"id":5485,"date":"2018-06-20T12:01:16","date_gmt":"2018-06-20T19:01:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5485"},"modified":"2018-08-06T14:51:25","modified_gmt":"2018-08-06T21:51:25","slug":"mealybug-vryburgia-succulentarum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5485","title":{"rendered":"Mealybug | Vryburgia succulentarum"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Vryburgia succulentarum <\/em><\/strong>Williams: mealybug<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: A<\/strong><\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\n

PEST RATING PROFILE<\/h3>\n

Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Vryburgia succulentarum<\/em> is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background:<\/u><\/strong> \u00a0<\/em>\u00a0Vryburgia succulentarum<\/em> is a mealybug that occurs on succulent plants.\u00a0 Adult females reach 3.1 mm in length (Williams, 1985).\u00a0 This mealybug has been found on, and presumably feeds on plants in the families Aizoaceae, Cactaceae, and Crassulaceae (Garc\u00eda Morales et al., 2016; Moghaddam, 2015; Williams, 1985).\u00a0 Little else is known about the biology of this species.\u00a0 Most Vryburgia<\/em> species are native to Africa and are associated with succulent plants (Li and Suh, 2012).\u00a0 Some Vryburgia<\/em> species are capable of inflicting significant damage to succulents.\u00a0 For example, V. trionymoides<\/em> can kill succulents and is a greenhouse pest in California (Stocks, 2016).\u00a0 Mealybugs in other genera that attack succulents have even been used as biological control agents of invasive cacti in Australia and South Africa (Aguirre et al., 2016).<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u><\/strong>:<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0 Vryburgia succulentarum<\/em> is reported to occur in southern Australia, Iran (in greenhouses), South Africa, and Tasmania (Garc\u00eda Morales et al., 2016; Moghaddam, 2015).\u00a0 This species may be native to Africa; if so, the other localities represent introductions.<\/p>\n

Official Control:<\/u><\/strong> Vryburgia succulentarum <\/em>is not known to be under official control anywhere.<\/p>\n

California Distribution: <\/u><\/strong>\u00a0Vryburgia succulentarum<\/em> is not known to be present in California (Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network).<\/p>\n

California Interceptions:<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0 Vryburgia succulentarum <\/em>has not been intercepted in California (CDFA Pest and Damage Report Database, 2018).<\/p>\n

The risk Vryburgia succulentarum <\/em>wo<\/em>uld pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1)\u00a0<\/strong>Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong> The full distribution of succulentarum<\/em> may not be fully known. However, this species has been reported from areas in Australia and Tasmania that have Mediterranean and temperate climates (Atlas of Living Australia; Williams, 1985).\u00a0 Therefore, much of California could have a suitable climate for this species.\u00a0 There are many members of the families Cactaceae and Crassulaceae in California, so there are many potential host plants.\u00a0 It appears likely that this mealybug could establish over a large portion of California. \u00a0Therefore, V. succulentarum <\/em>receives a High (3)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range: <\/strong>This mealybug has been reported to be associated with three families of succulent plants.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a Medium (2) <\/span><\/strong>in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) has a moderate host range.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has a wide host range.<\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> This mealybug has been intercepted multiple times on plants in quarantine, so it is evidently capable of being spread artificially on infested plants (Garc\u00eda Morales et al., 2016).\u00a0 The Cactaceae and Crassulaceae include many popular landscaping plants, so this mode of dispersal is likely.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> The primary economic impact that is anticipated to occur if Vryburgia succulentarum<\/em> becomes established in California is damage to cacti and succulents.\u00a0 Nursery production of these plants were worth $83 million in 2016 in California, an increase of 15% from the previous year.\u00a0 Continued growth appears likely, as water shortages in the state encourage the use of drought-tolerant plants.\u00a0 Production of cacti and succulents appears to be concentrated in San Diego County (CDFA Nursery Program, 2018; San Diego County Department of Agriculture, Weights and Measures). \u00a0If it became established in the state, Vryburgia succulentarum<\/em> could lower yield and increase production costs of cacti and succulents in California nurseries.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact:\u00a0 A, B<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

B. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score: 2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) causes 2 of these impacts.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> There are numerous rare members of the families Cactaceae and Crassulaceae in California. For example, bright green dudleya (Dudleya virens insularis<\/em>) and Bakersfield cactus (Opuntia basilaris<\/em> treleasei<\/em>) (Calflora).\u00a0 If V. succulentarum<\/em> became established in this state, these plants could be threatened.\u00a0 In addition, if V. succulentarum<\/em> attacks succulent plants in residential or other areas, this could trigger treatments.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a High (3)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact:\u00a0 B, E<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/p>\n

E. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Environmental Impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) causes one of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Vryburgia succulentarum<\/em>: Medium (12)<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

\u2013Low = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium = 9-12 points<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013High = 13-15 points<\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Vryburgia succulentarum<\/em> is not known to occur in California.\u00a0 It receives a Not established (0)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013Not established (0)<\/strong> Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013Low (-1) Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium (-2) Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013High (-3) Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

7) The final score is<\/strong> the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: Medium (12)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncertainty:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

The distribution and biology of V. succulentarum<\/em> are poorly known.\u00a0 The most significant unknown in this proposal is the ability of this mealybug to damage the plants that it feeds upon.\u00a0 At least one species in the genus is reported to be a pest, but it may not be of economic significance.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vryburgia succulentarum <\/em>is a mealybug that attacks succulents, including Cactaceae and Crassulaceae.\u00a0 This mealybug, which is not known to occur in California, poses a threat to native California species and to the nursery industry as well.\u00a0 For these reasons, an \u201cA\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

References: <\/strong><\/p>\n

Aguirre, M. B., Diaz-Soltero, H., Claps, L. E., Saracho Bottero, A., Triapitsyn, S., Hasson, E., and Logarzo, G. A.\u00a0 2016.\u00a0 Studies on the biology of Hypogeococcus pungens<\/em> (sensu stricto) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Argentina to aid the identification of the mealybug pest of Cactaceae in Puerto Rico.\u00a0 Journal of Insect Science 16:1-7.<\/p>\n

Atlas of Living Australia website.\u00a0 Accessed March 29, 2018: http:\/\/www.ala.org.au<\/a><\/p>\n

Calflora: Information on California plants for education, research and conservation, with data contributed by public and private institutions and individuals, including the Consortium of California Herbaria.\u00a0 Accessed March 26, 2017: http:\/\/www.calflora.org<\/a><\/p>\n

CDFA Nursery Program.\u00a0 2018. Value of California nursery products.\u00a0 Nursery Advisory 01-2018:1-2.<\/p>\n

CDFA Pest and Damage Report Database. 2018. Vryburgia succulentarum<\/em>. Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services. CA Department of Food and Agriculture. Accessed April 5, 2018: http:\/\/phpps.cdfa.ca.gov\/user\/frmLogon2.asp<\/a><\/p>\n

Garc\u00eda Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y., and Hardy, N. B. 2016.\u00a0 ScaleNet: A literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics.\u00a0 Accessed March 28, 2018: http:\/\/scalenet.info<\/a><\/p>\n

Ji, J. and Suh, S.-J.\u00a0 2012.\u00a0 A list of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) intercepted in quarantine on imported succulent plants in Korea 2006-2010.\u00a0 Insecta Mundi 0272:1-5.<\/p>\n

Moghaddam, M.\u00a0 2015.\u00a0 New records of mealybug species in Iran with discussions on morphological variations (Hemiptera, Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae).\u00a0 Entomologica Fennica 26:122-131.<\/p>\n

San Diego County Department of Agriculture, Weights and Measures.\u00a0 County of San Diego Crop Statistics & Annual Report (2016).\u00a0 Accessed June 18, 2018:\u00a0 \u00a0https:\/\/www.sandiegocounty.gov\/content\/dam\/sdc\/awm\/docs\/AWM_2016_Crop_Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Stocks, I.\u00a0 2016.\u00a0 A mealybug \u2013 Vryburgia trionymoides<\/em> (DeLotto) (Pseudococcidae).\u00a0 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry.\u00a0 Accessed: April 5, 2018: http:\/\/entnemdept.ufl.edu\/creatures\/ORN\/MEALYBUG\/vryburgia_trionymoides.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network.\u00a0 Accessed March 28, 2018:\u00a0http:\/\/scan1.acis.ufl.edu<\/a><\/p>\n

Williams, D. J.\u00a0 1985.\u00a0 Australian mealybugs.\u00a0 British Museum of Natural History, London.<\/p>\n

\n
Author:<\/h5>\n

Kyle Beucke, 1220 N Street, Room 221, Sacramento, CA, 95814, 916-403-6741; plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 2800 Gateway Oaks, Sacramento CA 95833, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Period:* CLOSED<\/span><\/h5>\n

6\/20\/18 \u2013 8\/4\/18<\/p>\n

\n
*NOTE:<\/span><\/h5>\n

You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. \u00a0If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: A<\/strong><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Posted by ls\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Vryburgia succulentarum Williams: mealybug Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae Pest Rating: A   PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Vryburgia succulentarum is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background: \u00a0\u00a0Vryburgia succulentarum is a mealybug that occurs on succulent plants.\u00a0 Adult females reach 3.1 … Continue reading Mealybug | Vryburgia succulentarum<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":325,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[669,18,5],"tags":[675],"class_list":["post-5485","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a-rated","category-hemiptera","category-entomology","tag-a-rated-pest"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-1qt","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":7366,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=7366","url_meta":{"origin":5485,"position":0},"title":"Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell): striped mealybug Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"July 17, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell): striped mealybug Pest Rating: A download pest rating *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by ka","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6938,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=6938","url_meta":{"origin":5485,"position":1},"title":"Miscanthicoccus miscanthi (Takahashi) – Miscanthus mealybug","author":"Raj Randhawa","date":"March 13, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Miscanthicoccus miscanthi (Takahashi) - Miscanthus mealybug. Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae. Pest Rating: B download pest rating *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by ka","rel":"","context":"In "B-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"B-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=670"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8622,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=8622","url_meta":{"origin":5485,"position":2},"title":"Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead): Lebbeck mealybug","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"July 1, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead): Lebbeck mealybugPest Rating: A download pest rating profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. 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Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":9368,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=9368","url_meta":{"origin":5485,"position":4},"title":"Pseudococcus lycopodii Beardsley: a mealybug","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"December 21, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Pseudococcus lycopodii Beardsley: a mealybugPest Rating: C download pest rating Profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. 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