{"id":5259,"date":"2018-04-25T11:52:21","date_gmt":"2018-04-25T18:52:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5259"},"modified":"2018-06-12T09:38:59","modified_gmt":"2018-06-12T16:38:59","slug":"hypothenemus-eruditus-westwood","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5259","title":{"rendered":"Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Hypothenemus eruditus <\/em><\/strong>Westwood<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: B<\/strong><\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\n

PEST RATING PROFILE<\/h5>\n
Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Hypothenemus eruditus <\/em>is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background:<\/u><\/strong> This tiny (1-1.2 mm in length) bark beetle is one of the most widely-distributed and variable species in the genus Hypothenemus<\/em> (Bright and Stark, 1973).\u00a0 The beetle has been reported to feed on hundreds of species of plants and other materials as well, including fungus and even the cover of a book (evidently the reason for the choice of the name eruditus<\/em>) (Huang, 2016; Turner and Beaver, 2015; Wood, 1982).\u00a0 In plants, it is reported to feed in dying twigs and branches (Bright and Stark, 1973).\u00a0 Females mate with their flightless male siblings before leaving the gallery.\u00a0 Hypothenemus eruditus<\/em> does not appear to cause any recognized economic or environmental impact (Huang, 2016; Turner and Beaver, 2015).\u00a0 Recent work suggest that there may be multiple (>10) cryptic species that are currently identified as Hypothenemus eruditus<\/em>; this is perhaps not surprising, given the many synonyms listed for it, its minute size, and its morphological variability (Huang, 2016; Kirkendall and Jordal, 2006).<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u><\/strong>:<\/u><\/strong> Hypothenemus eruditus<\/em> is widely distributed.\u00a0 The species occurs in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, North America, Central America, and South America.\u00a0 In the United States, it occurs in the eastern United States and in California (Bright and Stark, 1973; Wood, 1982.<\/p>\n

Official Control:<\/u><\/strong> Hypothenemus eruditus<\/em> is not known to be under any official control.<\/p>\n

California Distribution: <\/u><\/strong>\u00a0Hypothenemus eruditus <\/em>has been reported from Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, and Santa Barbara counties.\u00a0 Records representing collections exclusive of nurseries were found for the following localities: Santa Barbara County: Arroyo Hondo Preserve (2002); Santa Rosa Island, Cherry Canyon, Torrey pines grove, and Windmill Canyon (2008); San Diego County: Santee (2012) (PDR# 1316740) (Bright and Stark, 1973; CDFA Pest and Damage Record; Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network).<\/p>\n

California Interceptions:<\/u><\/strong> Hypothenemus eruditus <\/em>has been intercepted twice on shipments entering California: Once on dried twigs from Laos (PDR# 050455) and once on Polyscias fruticosa<\/em> from Florida (PDR# 063283).\u00a0 As mentioned above, this beetle was also found on avocado in a residential garden in Santee, San Diego County, California (PDR# 1316740).<\/p>\n

The risk Hypothenemus eruditus <\/em>would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong> Hypothenemus eruditus<\/em> occurs widely in the United States.\u00a0 The species occurs in California and on the east coast, from New Hampshire to Florida and west to Illinois and Texas.\u00a0 This suggests that eruditus<\/em> could become established over a significant portion of California.\u00a0 The list of hosts includes hundreds of species of plants and fungi.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a High (3)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range: <\/strong>Hypothenemus eruditus<\/em> is known to feed on hundreds of species of plants, as well as fungi. Therefore, it receives a High (3)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) has a moderate host range.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has a wide host range.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> Hypothenemus eruditus <\/em>is capable of sustained flight. Females mate with their flightless male siblings, so they leave their development site ready to colonize new host material (Huang, 2016).\u00a0 The beetle can also be transported in wood and wood products. Therefore, it receives a High (3)<\/span> <\/strong>in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> Hypothenemus eruditus <\/em>is not known to be an economically-significant pest (Huang, 2016).\u00a0 The species already occurs in California and the eastern United States and it has a widespread world distribution.\u00a0 However, no reports have been found suggesting that it has an economic impact.\u00a0 However, there is the possibility that other species, including cryptic ones, could be identified at eruditus<\/em>.\u00a0 Such species could pose a threat to California agriculture, for example, lowering crop yield and increasing crop production costs.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/span> <\/strong>in this category.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact: A, B<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/strong><\/p>\n

B. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/strong><\/p>\n

C. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score: Medium (2)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) causes 2 of these impacts.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> Hypothenemus eruditus <\/em>is not known to have an environmental impact anywhere. The beetle already occurs in California and the eastern United States and no reports were found of it having an environmental impact.\u00a0 However, this could reflect a lack of research rather than a lack of impact.\u00a0 In addition, there is the possibility that other species of Hypothenemus<\/em>, including cryptic ones, could be identified at eruditus<\/em>.\u00a0 Such species could pose a threat to the environment, for example, by disrupting natural communities.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact: A<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/strong><\/p>\n

B. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/p>\n

E. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact Score: Medium (2)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) causes one of the above to occur.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Hypothenemus eruditus<\/em>: High (13)<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

\u2013Low = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium = 9-12 points<\/p>\n

\u2013High = 13-15 points<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

6)<\/strong> Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Although this species is likely present in additional areas of California, Hypothenemus eruditus <\/em>has been reported from outdoor, non-nursery localities in Santa Barbara and San Diego Counties.\u00a0 It receives a Low (-1)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013Not established (0) Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/p>\n

\u2013Low (-1) Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013Medium (-2) Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013High (-3) Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

7) The final score is<\/strong> the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: Medium (12)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Uncertainty:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

The most significant uncertainty regarding Hypothenemus eruditus<\/em> is the species identity itself.\u00a0 There is evidence that there are actually multiple (>10) species that are currently recognized as H. eruditus<\/em>.\u00a0 There is a risk that a species with biological characteristics differing from those considered for H. eruditus<\/em> could be intercepted and not be regulated because it is identified as that species.\u00a0 Such a cryptic species could have greater (than is recognized for H. eruditus<\/em>) potential for economic and\/or environmental impact.\u00a0 Systematic research on Hypothenemus <\/em>is needed.\u00a0 There is also a significant likelihood that H. eruditus<\/em> is more widespread in California than is currently known.\u00a0 It is a tiny beetle and is not easy to identify.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Hypothenemus eruditus <\/em>is widely distributed and is not known to have any economic or environmental impacts.\u00a0 However, there is evidence that multiple cryptic species of Hypothenemus<\/em> may be currently identified as H. eruditus<\/em>.\u00a0 A cautious approach has been taken and a \u201cB<\/strong>\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

\n
References: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Bright Jr., D.E. and R.W. Stark.\u00a0 1973.\u00a0 The Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of California.\u00a0 University of California Press.\u00a0 169 pp.<\/p>\n

Huang, Y.T.\u00a0 2016.\u00a0 Featured creatures: Hypothenemus eruditus<\/em> Westwood.\u00a0 University of Florida. http:\/\/entnemdept.ufl.edu\/creatures\/trees\/beetles\/Hypothenemus_eruditus.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

Kirkendall, L. R. and B.H. Jordal.\u00a0 2006.\u00a0 The bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of Cocos Island, Costa Rica and the role of mating systems in island zoogeography.\u00a0 Biological Journal of the Linnean Society.\u00a0 89: 729-743.<\/p>\n

Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network.\u00a0 Accessed 5 February 2018. http:\/\/scan1.acis.ufl.edu<\/a><\/p>\n

Turner, C.R. and R.A. Beaver.\u00a0 2015.\u00a0 Hypothenemus eruditus<\/em> Westwood and Hypothenemus seriatus<\/em> (Eichhoff) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Cryphalini) in Britain.\u00a0 The Coleopterist.\u00a0 24(1): 12-15.<\/p>\n

Wood, S.L.\u00a0 1982.\u00a0 The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph.\u00a0 Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs.\u00a0 6: 1-1356.<\/p>\n

\n
Author:<\/h5>\n

Kyle Beucke, 1220 N Street, Room 221, Sacramento, CA, 95814, 916-403-6741; plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 2800 Gateway Oaks, Sacramento CA 95833, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Period:* CLOSED<\/span><\/h5>\n

4\/25\/18 \u2013 6\/9\/18<\/p>\n

\n
*NOTE:<\/span><\/h5>\n

You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. \u00a0If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: B<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae Pest Rating: B   PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Hypothenemus eruditus is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background: This tiny (1-1.2 mm in length) bark beetle is one of the most widely-distributed … Continue reading Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":325,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[670,15,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5259","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-b-rated","category-coleoptera","category-entomology"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-1mP","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":7421,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=7421","url_meta":{"origin":5259,"position":0},"title":"Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston): Mediterranean pine engraver Coleoptera: Curculionidae","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"July 30, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston): Mediterranean pine engraverPest Rating: C download pest rating profile *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. 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If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. posted by ta","rel":"","context":"In "B-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"B-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=670"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8685,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=8685","url_meta":{"origin":5259,"position":2},"title":"Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann): velvet longhorn beetle","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"July 19, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann): velvet longhorn beetlePest Rating: B download pest rating profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "B-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"B-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=670"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":11057,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=11057","url_meta":{"origin":5259,"position":3},"title":"Paropsis atomaria Olivier: leaf beetle","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"October 10, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Paropsis atomaria Olivier: leaf beetlePest Rating: B download pest rating profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "B-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"B-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=670"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":12597,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=12597","url_meta":{"origin":5259,"position":4},"title":"Carpophilus truncatus Murray: a sap beetle","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"May 1, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Carpophilus truncatus Murray: a sap beetlePest Rating: B download pest rating profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "B-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"B-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=670"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":5549,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5549","url_meta":{"origin":5259,"position":5},"title":"Beetle | Semanotus sinoauster Gressitt","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"June 28, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Beetle | Semanotus sinoauster Gressitt Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Pest Rating: A \u00a0 \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Semanotus sinoauster is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. 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