{"id":5166,"date":"2018-04-19T08:32:57","date_gmt":"2018-04-19T15:32:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5166"},"modified":"2018-06-06T12:50:55","modified_gmt":"2018-06-06T19:50:55","slug":"gray-scale-pseudoparlatoria-ostreata","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5166","title":{"rendered":"Gray Scale | Pseudoparlatoria ostreata"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/h5>\n
Gray Scale | Pseudoparlatoria ostreata <\/em>Cockerell<\/h5>\n
Hemiptera: Diaspididae<\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: A<\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\n

PEST RATING PROFILE<\/h3>\n

Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Pseudoparlatoria ostreata <\/em>was reported to be established on the island of Oahu, Hawaii (J. Matsunaga, pers. comm.).\u00a0 It is currently Q-rated, and a permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background:<\/u><\/strong> \u00a0<\/em>The scale cover is thin and circular in adult female P. ostreata<\/em>.\u00a0 These scales can form dense aggregations on host plants.\u00a0 Pseudoparlatoria ostreata<\/em> is reported to feed on (apparently causing damage to plants, in some cases) plants in 39 families, including Agavaceae (Agave<\/em> sp.), Arecaceae (various palms), Cactaceae, Caricaceae (Carica papaya<\/em>), Euphorbiaceae (including Acalypha<\/em> spp.), Fabaceae, Orchidaceae (various orchids), and Vitaceae (Vitis<\/em> sp.).\u00a0 (Malumphy & Redstone, 2012; Sweezey, 1945; Wolff, 2008).\u00a0 In agricultural situations, this scale is reported to be a pest of papaya (J. Matsunaga, pers. comm.; Miskimen & Bond, 1970; Wolcott, 1948) avocado (McKenzie, 1935), and Acalypha<\/em> species (Dekle, 1965; Wolcott, 1948).\u00a0 It appears to be primarily tropical and subtropical, but it has managed to become a pest in greenhouses in temperate areas (in the United Kingdom, for example) (Malumphy & Redstone, 2012).<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u><\/strong>:<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0 Pseudoparlatoria ostreata<\/em> is native to the Caribbean and has been introduced to North America (Mexico, Florida, and Texas), Central America (Guatemala), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, and Venezuela), Hawaii, Africa, and Europe (indoor plantings only) (Claps et al., 2001; Claps et al., 2006; Garc\u00eda et al., 2016; Malumphy & Redstone, 2012; J. Matsunaga, pers. comm.; Sweezey, 1945).<\/p>\n

Official Control:<\/u><\/strong> Pseudoparlatoria ostreata<\/em> is considered a prohibited, declared pest in Australia (Government of Western Australia).<\/p>\n

California Distribution: <\/u><\/strong>\u00a0Pseudoparlatoria ostreata<\/em> is not known to be present in California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions:<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0 Pseudoparlatoria ostreata<\/em> was intercepted in 2012 at a California border station on palms from Mexico (BL0P06030809).<\/p>\n

The risk Pseudoparlatoria ostreata <\/em>would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong> Most of the areas where Pseudoparlatoria ostreata<\/em> is known to occur have a subtropical or tropical climate. For example, in the United States, it is restricted to Florida, Texas, and Hawaii.\u00a0 However, some locations (for example, in Argentina) have a more temperate climate (Claps et al., 2001).\u00a0 This scale is highly polyphagous, and suitable host plants are probably present over much of California.\u00a0 It appears possible that Pseudoparlatoria ostreata<\/em> could become established in a significant portion of California.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a Medium (2) <\/span><\/strong>in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range: <\/strong>Pseudoparlatoria ostreata<\/em> is highly polyphagous, and has been reported to feed on plants in 39 families. Therefore, it receives a High (3)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) has a moderate host range.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has a wide host range.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> It is apparent that Pseudoparlatoria ostreata<\/em> is easily transported on infested plant material, as it has been introduced to many locations.\u00a0 In addition, another species in this genus, parlatorioides<\/em> (Comstock), has a high reproductive capacity (females lay up to 130 eggs) and is suspected to be parthenogenic, and this may apply P. ostreata<\/em> as well (Miller & Davidson, 2005).\u00a0\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a High (3)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> If Pseudoparlatoria ostreata <\/em>became established in California, it could become a pest of many different crops because it is so polyphagous.\u00a0 Avocados and grapes are known hosts, but there could be many more.\u00a0 Infestations of this scale could increase production costs and affect normal cultural practices.\u00a0 As scales are easily transported with infested plant material, the presence of this scale in California could also result in the loss of markets because of the phytosanitary risk to an area importing California plants or plant products. \u00a0Therefore, it receives a High (3)<\/span> <\/strong>in this category.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact: \u00a0B, C, D<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/p>\n

B. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> Pseudoparlatoria ostreata<\/em> is a polyphagous scale insect that has been documented to cause damage to plants through its feeding. It is possible that this scale could directly affect rare plants.\u00a0 There are rare California plants in some of the plant families that are hosts of this scale, for example, Shaw\u2019s agave (Agave shawii<\/em>), which occurs in southern, coastal California (Calflora).\u00a0 If this scale becomes established in California, it is also likely to impact ornamental plantings and it could trigger treatments as well.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a High (3)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact:\u00a0 B, D, E<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

E. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or<\/strong> ornamental plantings.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact. Score:<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) causes one of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Pseudoparlatoria ostreata<\/em>: High (14)<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

\u2013Low = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium = 9-12 points<\/p>\n

\u2013High = 13-15 points<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Pseudoparlatoria ostreata<\/em> is not known to be present in California.\u00a0 It receives a Not established (0)<\/span> <\/strong>in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013Not established (0) Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013Low (-1) Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium (-2) Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013High (-3) Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

The final score is<\/strong> the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: High (14)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Uncertainty:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

The distribution of Pseudoparlatoria ostreata<\/em> appears to be mostly limited to areas with a subtropical or tropical climate, although there are a few locations that suggest this scale could survive in a more temperate climate.\u00a0 Therefore, there is some uncertainty regarding its ability to become established in a significant portion of California.\u00a0 There is little uncertainty regarding the presence of suitable host plants in California, because this scale is highly polyphagous.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Pseudoparlatoria ostreata<\/em> is a polyphagous scale that has a demonstrated ability to attack a wide variety of plants and cause damage.\u00a0 It is not known to be present in California, and if it became established in this state, there is a significant possibility that it could have economic and environmental impacts.\u00a0 For these reasons, an \u201cA<\/strong>\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

\n
References: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Calflora: Information on California plants for education, research and conservation, with data contributed by public and private institutions and individuals, including the\u00a0 Consortium of California Herbaria.\u00a0 [web application]. \u00a02017. Berkeley, California: The Calflora Database [a non-profit organization].\u00a0 Accessed 28 December 2017. http:\/\/www.calflora.org<\/p>\n

Claps, L.E., Wolff, V.R.S, & Gonz\u00e1lez, R.H.\u00a0 2001.\u00a0 Cat\u00e1logo de la Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) ex\u1f79ticas de la Argentina, Brazil, Brasil y Chile.\u00a0 Revista de la Sociedad Entomol\u00f3gica Argentina.\u00a0 60 (1-4): 9-34.<\/p>\n

Claps, L.E., Zamudio, P., & Briz, L.D.\u00a0 2006.\u00a0 Las Dactylopiidae y Diaspididae (Hemiptera, Coccoidea) de la Colecci\u1f79n Kenneth Hayward, Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina.\u00a0 Revista Brasileira de Entomologia.\u00a0 50 (1): 33-38.<\/p>\n

Dekle, G.W.\u00a0 1965.\u00a0 Florida armored scale insects.\u00a0 Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas.\u00a0 3:\u00a0 1-265.<\/p>\n

Garc\u00eda, M.M., Denno, B.D., Miller, D.R., Miller, G.L., Ben-Dov, Y., & Hardy, N.B.\u00a0 2016.\u00a0 ScaleNet: A literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics.\u00a0 Database. doi: 10.1093\/database\/bav118.\u00a0 Accessed 28 December 2017. http:\/\/scalenet.info.<\/p>\n

Government of Western Australia.\u00a0 Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development.\u00a0 Pseudoparlatoria ostreata<\/em> Cockerell, 1892.\u00a0 Accessed: 27 December 2017. https:\/\/www.agric.wa.gov.au\/organisms\/128755<\/p>\n

Malumphy, C. & Redstone, S.\u00a0 2012.\u00a0 Grey scale Pseudoparlatoria ostreata<\/em> Cockerell (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), a pest of indoor plantings new to Britain.\u00a0 Entomologist\u2019s Gazette.\u00a0 63: 107-114.<\/p>\n

Miller, D.R. & Davidson, J.A.\u00a0 2005.\u00a0 Armored scale insect pests of trees and shrubs.\u00a0 Comstock Publishing Associates.\u00a0 Ithaca, NY.\u00a0 442 pp.<\/p>\n

McKenzie, H.L.\u00a0 1935.\u00a0 Biology and control of avocado insects and mites.\u00a0 University of California Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin.\u00a0 592: 1-48.<\/p>\n

Miskimen, G.W. & Bond, R.M.\u00a0 1970.\u00a0 Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands.\u00a0 Volume XIII \u2013 Part I.\u00a0 The New York Academy of Sciences.\u00a0 New York, NY.\u00a0 114 pp.<\/p>\n

Sweezey, O.H.\u00a0 1945.\u00a0 Insects associated with orchids.\u00a0 Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society.\u00a0 12(2): 343-403.<\/p>\n

Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network.\u00a0 Accessed 20 November 2017.\u00a0http:\/\/scan1.acis.ufl.edu<\/a><\/p>\n

Wolcott, G.N.\u00a0 1948.\u00a0 The insects of Puerto Rico.\u00a0 The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico.\u00a0 20(1): 1-224.<\/p>\n

Wolff, V.R.S.\u00a0 2008.\u00a0 Revis\u00e3o de Pseudoparlatoria<\/em> (Hemiptera, Diaspididae).\u00a0 Iheringia S\u00e9rie Zoologia.\u00a0 98(3): 291-307.<\/p>\n

\n
Author:<\/h5>\n

Kyle Beucke, 1220 N Street, Room 221, Sacramento, CA, 95814, 916-403-6741; plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 2800 Gateway Oaks, Sacramento CA 95833, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Period:* CLOSED<\/span><\/h5>\n

4\/19\/18 \u2013 6\/3\/18<\/p>\n

\n
*NOTE:<\/span><\/h5>\n

You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. \u00a0If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: A<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Posted by ls\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Gray Scale | Pseudoparlatoria ostreata Cockerell Hemiptera: Diaspididae Pest Rating: A   PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Pseudoparlatoria ostreata was reported to be established on the island of Oahu, Hawaii (J. Matsunaga, pers. comm.).\u00a0 It is currently Q-rated, and a permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest … Continue reading Gray Scale | Pseudoparlatoria ostreata<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":325,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[669,18,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a-rated","category-hemiptera","category-entomology"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-1lk","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1246,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1246","url_meta":{"origin":5166,"position":0},"title":"Acutaspis agavis (Townsend & Cockerell): Agave scale","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"October 21, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Acutaspis agavis (Townsend & Cockerell):\u00a0 Agave scale Hemiptera:\u00a0 Diaspididae Pest Rating: \u00a0B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: On March 21, 2014, Dr. Gillian Watson identified the armored scale Acutaspis agavis from a sample collected from plants growing outdoors at a school in La Jolla, San Diego\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Hemiptera"","block_context":{"text":"Hemiptera","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=18"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":5888,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5888","url_meta":{"origin":5166,"position":1},"title":"White Prunicola Scale | Pseudaulacaspis prunicola","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"December 6, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Pseudaulacaspis prunicola (Maskell) | White prunicola scale Hemiptera: Diaspididae Pest Rating: A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: In 2018, this scale was found in Solano County on Ligustrum sp. bonsai that had been purchased in Fresno County.\u00a0 This scale currently has a Q-rating.\u00a0 A permanent pest\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7438,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=7438","url_meta":{"origin":5166,"position":2},"title":"Ceroplastes dugesii Lichtenstein: Duges wax scale Hemiptera: Coccidae","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"August 18, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Ceroplastes dugesii Lichtenstein: Dugg wax scale Hemiptera: CoccidaePest Rating: A download pest rating Profile *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by ka","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7493,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=7493","url_meta":{"origin":5166,"position":3},"title":"Coccus capparidis (Green): soft scale Hemiptera: Coccidae","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"September 1, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Coccus capparidis (Green): soft scalePest Rating: A download pest rating *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by ka","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7442,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=7442","url_meta":{"origin":5166,"position":4},"title":"Thysanofiorinia leei Williams: lychee scale Hemiptera: Diaspididae","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"August 18, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Thysanofiorinia leei Williams: lychee scale Hemiptera: DiaspididaePest Rating: A download pest rating Profile *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by ka","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7497,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=7497","url_meta":{"origin":5166,"position":5},"title":"Coccus moestus De Lotto: soft scale Hemiptera: Coccidae","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"September 1, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Coccus moestus De Lotto: soft scalePest Rating: A download pest rating *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. 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