{"id":5135,"date":"2018-04-09T13:37:45","date_gmt":"2018-04-09T20:37:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5135"},"modified":"2018-05-29T14:41:17","modified_gmt":"2018-05-29T21:41:17","slug":"dwarf-siberian-pine-beetle-dryocoetes-pini","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5135","title":{"rendered":"Dwarf Siberian pine beetle | Dryocoetes pini"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating\u00a0 for<\/h5>\n
Dwarf Siberian Pine Beetle | Dryocoetes pini<\/em><\/h5>\n
Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae<\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: A<\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

PEST RATING PROFILE<\/h3>\n

Initiating Event:<\/h5>\n

Dryocoetes pini<\/em> is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/h5>\n

Background<\/u>:<\/strong> This bark beetle measures approximately 2.5 mm in length.\u00a0 Adults tunnel through the phloem (inner bark), where eggs are laid.\u00a0 The larvae feed on the phloem.\u00a0 This species has been reported to feed on pine (Pinus<\/em> spp.), larch (Larix<\/em> spp.), fir (Abies<\/em> spp.), and spruce (Picea<\/em> spp.) (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization; Niijima, 1909).\u00a0 The beetle is apparently not known as a significant pest in its native range (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization).\u00a0 Dryocoetes<\/em> species are usually considered \u201csecondary pests\u201d and only attack dead, injured, or otherwise compromised host trees (Vega & Hofstetter, 2014).\u00a0 At least one species, Dryocoetes confusus<\/em> Swaine, is a serious pest of fir trees; it is apparently the most destructive member of the genus in North America (CABI,\u00a0 2017; Hansen, 1996; Vega & Hofstetter, 2014).\u00a0 The pathogenic fungus Grosmannia dryocoetis<\/em> is associated with D. confuses<\/em> (Vega & Hofstetter, 2014).\u00a0 Similar fungi may also be associated with other Dryocoetes<\/em> species, including D. pini<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u><\/strong>:<\/u><\/strong> Dryocoetes pini<\/em> occurs in the Russian Far East, China, South Korea, and Japan (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization; Park, 2016; Shiraki, 1952).\u00a0 The species is not known to be present in North America.<\/p>\n

Official Control:<\/u><\/strong> This species is not known to be under official control anywhere.<\/p>\n

California Distribution: <\/u><\/strong>This species does not appear to be present in California (Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network).<\/p>\n

California Interceptions:<\/u><\/strong> This species is not known to have been intercepted in California.<\/p>\n

The risk Dryocoetes pini <\/em>would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong> This species appears to occur primarily in areas with a temperate climate. It is possible that it could thrive in a large portion of California if it was introduced.\u00a0 The tree genera that this species is known to feed upon occur throughout California.\u00a0 Therefore, Dryocoetes pini<\/em> receives a High (3)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3)<\/strong> likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/span><\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range: <\/strong>As stated above, Dryocoetes pini<\/em> has been reported from several coniferous genera. Therefore, pini<\/em> receives a Medium (2) in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2)<\/strong> has a moderate host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has a wide host range.<\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> Dryocoetes pini<\/em> is presumably capable of flight. Movement of wood (especially firewood) is a likely pathway for the human-aided dispersal of this species if it was to be introduced.\u00a0 Reproductive potential is unknown for this species.\u00a0 Therefore, pini<\/em> receives a Medium (2)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> Dryocoetes pini<\/em> has been reported to be associated with several genera of conifers, including Pinus<\/em>.\u00a0 There is a possibility that, if this species was to be introduced to California, it could have a different impact than what is observed in its native range, including killing trees, which could reduce yield of timber.\u00a0 Significant infestations also have the potential to impact the recreational value of forests. \u00a0Therefore, it receives a Low (1)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact:\u00a0 A<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A.<\/strong> The pest could lower crop yield.<\/span><\/p>\n

B. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/p>\n

C. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score: 1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) <\/strong>causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> Major outbreaks of bark beetles have the potential to kill large numbers of trees, which can have long-lasting impacts. Such impacts could include changes in forest composition, destabilization of soil, and even fire dynamics (Jenkins et al., 2008).\u00a0 There are rare or threatened conifers in California that could be impacted by the introduction of pini<\/em>.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a High (3)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact: A, B<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0A.\u00a0<\/strong>The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0B.\u00a0<\/strong>The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/span><\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/p>\n

E. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) causes one of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) <\/strong>causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Dryocoetes pini<\/em>: Medium (11)<\/span><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

\u2013Low = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium <\/strong>= 9-12 points<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013High = 13-15 points<\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Dryocoetes pini<\/em> is not known to occur in California.\u00a0 It receives a Not established (0)<\/span> <\/strong>in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013Not established (0) <\/strong>Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013Low (-1) Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium (-2) Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013High (-3) Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

7) The final score is<\/strong> the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: Medium (11)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncertainty:<\/h5>\n

There is little information available on this species, so it was necessary to draw upon information regarding other species in the genus as well as other bark beetle genera.\u00a0 There are also no examples of introductions involving this species, so assessment of the impacts of this species requires speculation.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification:<\/h5>\n

Bark beetles can have significant impacts on forests.\u00a0 One native species in the genus Dryocoetes<\/em>, D. confusus<\/em>, is an important pest in western forests.\u00a0 Even though there is little information on the biology of D. pini<\/em>, it seems justifiable to use caution and assign it an \u201cA\u201d rating.<\/p>\n

\n
References:<\/h5>\n

CABI.\u00a0 2017.\u00a0 Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.\u00a0www.cabi.org\/isc<\/a><\/p>\n

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization.\u00a0 Forest pests on the territories of the former USSR.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.eppo.int\/QUARANTINE\/special_topics\/forestry_project\/EPPOforestry_project.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Hansen, E.M.\u00a0 1996.\u00a0 Western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus<\/em> Swaine, flight periodicity in northern Utah.\u00a0 Great Basin Naturalist.\u00a0 56(4): 348-359.<\/p>\n

Jenkins, M.J., Hebertson, E., Page, W., & Jorgensen, C.A.\u00a0 2008.\u00a0 Bark beetles, fuels, fires and implications for forest management in the Intermountain West.\u00a0 Forest Ecology and Management.\u00a0 254: 16-34.<\/p>\n

Niijima, Y.\u00a0 1909.\u00a0 Die Scolytiden Hokkaidos unter Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihrer Bedeutung f\u00fcr Forstsch\u00e4den.\u00a0 The Journal of the College of Agriculture, Tohoku Imperial University.\u00a0 3: 109-179.<\/p>\n

Park, S.\u00a0 2016.\u00a0 Taxonomic review of Scolytinae and Platypodinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Korea.\u00a0 Ph.D. thesis.\u00a0 Seoul National University.<\/p>\n

Shiraki, T.\u00a0 1952.\u00a0 Catalogue of injurious insects in Japan.\u00a0 Preliminary Study Number 71.\u00a0 General Headquarters, Supreme Commander for the Allied Forces, Economic and Scientific Section, Natural Resources Division.\u00a0 133 pp.<\/p>\n

Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network.\u00a0 Accessed March 2, 2018. http:\/\/scan1.acis.ufl.edu<\/a><\/p>\n

Vega, F.E. & Hofstetter, R.W.\u00a0 2014.\u00a0 Bark beetles: Biology and ecology of native and invasive species.\u00a0 Academic Press.\u00a0 640 pp.<\/p>\n

\n
Author:<\/h5>\n

Kyle Beucke, 1220 N Street, Room 221, Sacramento, CA, 95814, 916-403-6741,\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov<\/p>\n

\n
Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 2800 Gateway Oaks, Sacramento CA 95833, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Period:* CLOSED<\/span><\/h5>\n

4\/9\/18 \u2013 5\/24\/18<\/p>\n

\n
*NOTE:<\/span><\/h5>\n

You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. \u00a0If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: A<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Posted by ls\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating\u00a0 for Dwarf Siberian Pine Beetle | Dryocoetes pini Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae Pest Rating: A   PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Dryocoetes pini is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background: This bark beetle measures approximately 2.5 mm in length.\u00a0 Adults … Continue reading Dwarf Siberian pine beetle | Dryocoetes pini<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":325,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[669,15,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5135","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a-rated","category-coleoptera","category-entomology"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-1kP","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":4403,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=4403","url_meta":{"origin":5135,"position":0},"title":"Black Pine Bark Beetle | Hylastes ater (Paykull)","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"January 17, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Black Pine Bark Beetle | Hylastes ater (Paykull) Pest Rating: A \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Hylastes ater is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. 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