{"id":5089,"date":"2018-03-15T15:18:10","date_gmt":"2018-03-15T22:18:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5089"},"modified":"2018-05-07T12:22:35","modified_gmt":"2018-05-07T19:22:35","slug":"cucumber-moth-diaphania-indica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5089","title":{"rendered":"Cucumber Moth | Diaphania indica"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/h5>\n
Cucumber Moth | Diaphania indica <\/em>(Saunders)<\/h5>\n
Lepidoptera: Crambidae<\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: A<\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\n

PEST RATING PROFILE<\/h3>\n

Initiating Event:<\/h5>\n

Diaphania indica <\/em>is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/h5>\n

Background:<\/u><\/strong> \u00a0Diaphania indica<\/em> is a pest of cucurbit crops, including cucumber, melon, and watermelon.\u00a0 It has also been reported to feed on plants in the families Fabaceae and Malvaceae (Arcaya et al., 2004; Ganehiarachchi, 1997; MacLeod, 2005).\u00a0 Adults have a wingspan of 24-33 mm.\u00a0 The hind and forewings have solid white centers and thick, brown margins (Evaratt et al., 2015).\u00a0 Eggs are laid on the undersides of leaves.\u00a0 The larvae feed on leaves as well as flowers and fruits (Ganehiarachchi, 1997; Kinjo and Arakaki, 2002).\u00a0 This moth is mostly restricted to tropical and subtropical climates.\u00a0 For example, in the United States, it is only found in Florida.\u00a0 However, it has become a pest in greenhouses in Japan and Korea, and it may be capable of living in more temperate climates in these situations (Kinjo and Arakaki, 2002; MacLeod, 2008).<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u><\/strong>:<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0 Diaphania indica<\/em> is native to the Old World tropics (Waterhouse, 1993).\u00a0 It is reported from tropical and subtropical areas in Africa, Australia, the Middle East, Asia, Pacific islands, Central America, South America, and the southeastern United States (only in Florida) (Clavijo A., 1990).\u00a0 There are a few records from Alabama and Texas, but these may not represent established populations (Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network).<\/p>\n

Official Control:<\/u><\/strong> Diaphania indica <\/em>is considered reportable by the United States Department of Agriculture.<\/p>\n

California Distribution: <\/u><\/strong>\u00a0Diaphania indica <\/em>is not known to occur in California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions:<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0 Diaphania indica <\/em>has been intercepted on mango fruit from Florida (PDR # 430P06135915).<\/p>\n

The risk Diaphania indica <\/em>would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:<\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong> The distribution of Diaphania indica<\/em> appears to be largely restricted to areas with a tropical or subtropical climate. It is possible that it could become established in a limited portion of California.\u00a0 Therefore, Diaphania indica<\/em> receives a Low (1)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1)<\/strong> Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range: <\/strong>Diaphania indica <\/em>feeds on a variety of crop plants in three families. Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) has a moderate host range.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has a wide host range.<\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> Diaphania indica<\/em>\u00a0 Eggs or larvae could be moved with infested plants.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/span> <\/strong>in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> Diaphania indica <\/em>feeds on a variety of crops in the family Cucurbitaceae, causing loss of fruit and plant mortality.\u00a0 This species has achieved pest status both in fields as well as in greenhouses.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact:\u00a0 A, B<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. <\/strong>The pest could lower crop yield.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0B.\u00a0<\/strong>The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/span><\/p>\n

C. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score: 2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) <\/strong>causes 2 of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> There are native California plants in the family Cucurbitaceae. It is possible that, if established, Diaphania indica<\/em> could disrupt natural communities where these plants occur. \u00a0Crop infestations could trigger treatments.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact: A, D<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. <\/strong>The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/span><\/p>\n

B. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D. <\/strong>The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/span><\/p>\n

E. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact. Score:<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) causes one of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) <\/strong>causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Diaphania indica<\/em>: Medium (10)<\/span><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

\u2013Low = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium <\/strong>= 9-12 points<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013High = 13-15 points<\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Diaphania indica<\/em> is not known to occur in California.\u00a0 It receives a Not established (0)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013Not established (0) <\/strong>Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013Low (-1) Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium (-2) Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013High (-3) Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

7) The final score is<\/strong> the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: Medium (10)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Uncertainty:<\/h5>\n

There is no uncertainty regarding the potential of Diaphania indica<\/em> to be a pest in the right environment.\u00a0 However, there is significant uncertainty regarding its ability to become established in California, as this species is apparently restricted to tropical\/subtropical climates (except for greenhouses).<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification:<\/h5>\n

Diaphania indica<\/em> is a pest of cucurbit crops and it is not known to occur in California.\u00a0 It is possible that it could become established over a limited portion of the state, and if this occurred, this species could have economic and environmental impacts.\u00a0 For these reasons, an \u201cA\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

\n
References:<\/h5>\n

Arcaya S., E., D\u00edaz B., F., and Paz L., R.\u00a0 2004.\u00a0 Primer registro de Diaphania indica<\/em> (Saunders, 1851) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) en el cultivo de pepino en Venezuela.\u00a0 Bioagro.\u00a0 16(1): 73-74.<\/p>\n

Clavijo A., J.A.\u00a0 1990.\u00a0 Systematics of black and white species of the genus Diaphania<\/em> Hubner (1818) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Pyraustinae).\u00a0 Ph.D. thesis.\u00a0 McGill University.\u00a0 215 pp.<\/p>\n

Evaratt, M., Korycinska, A., and C. Malumphy.\u00a0 2015.\u00a0 Plant pest factsheet; cucurbit moths; Diaphania<\/em> species.\u00a0 Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs.<\/p>\n

Ganehiarachchi, G.A.S.M.\u00a0 1997.\u00a0 Aspects of the biology of Diaphania indica<\/em> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).\u00a0 Journal of the National Science Council of Sri Lanka.\u00a0 25(4): 203-209.<\/p>\n

Kinjo, K. and N. Arakaki.\u00a0 2002.\u00a0 Effect of temperature on development and reproductive characteristics of Diaphania indica<\/em> (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).\u00a0 Applied Entomology and Zoology.\u00a0 37(1): 141-145.<\/p>\n

MacLeod, A.\u00a0 2005 (revised).\u00a0 Pest risk analysis for Diaphania indica<\/em>.\u00a0 Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs: Central Science Laboratory.<\/p>\n

Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network (SCAN).\u00a0 Accessed March 6, 2018.\u00a0http:\/\/symbiota4.acis.ufl.edu<\/a><\/p>\n

Waterhouse, D.F.\u00a0 1993.\u00a0 The Major Arthropod Pests and Weeds of Agriculture in Southeast Asia: Distribution, Importance and Origin.\u00a0 Australian Center for International Agricultural Research.\u00a0 141 pp.<\/p>\n

\n
Author:<\/h5>\n

Kyle Beucke, 1220 N Street, Room 221, Sacramento, CA, 95814, 916-403-6741, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov<\/p>\n

\n
Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 2800 Gateway Oaks, Sacramento CA 95833, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Period:* CLOSED<\/span><\/h5>\n

3\/15\/18 \u2013 4\/29\/18<\/p>\n

\n
*NOTE:<\/span><\/h5>\n

You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. \u00a0If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: A<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Posted by ls\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Cucumber Moth | Diaphania indica (Saunders) Lepidoptera: Crambidae Pest Rating: A   PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Diaphania indica is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background: \u00a0Diaphania indica is a pest of cucurbit crops, including cucumber, melon, and … Continue reading Cucumber Moth | Diaphania indica<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":325,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5,23],"tags":[664,665,52,666],"class_list":["post-5089","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-entomology","category-lepidoptera","tag-cucumber-moth","tag-diaphania-indica","tag-insects-and-mites","tag-lepidoptera-crambidae"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-1k5","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":6473,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=6473","url_meta":{"origin":5089,"position":0},"title":"Arcola malloi (Pastrana): Alligatorweed stem borer moth","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"September 27, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Arcola malloi (Pastrana): Alligatorweed stem borer moth Lepidoptera: PyralidaePest Rating: D download pest rating *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. 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Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "C-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"C-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=671"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8885,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=8885","url_meta":{"origin":5089,"position":2},"title":"Cydalima perspectalis (Walker): box tree moth","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"September 7, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Cydalima perspectalis (Walker): box tree mothPest Rating: A download pest rating *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":9374,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=9374","url_meta":{"origin":5089,"position":3},"title":"Epiphyas postvittana (Walker): light brown apple moth (LBAM)","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"December 22, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Epiphyas postvittana (Walker): light brown apple moth (LBAM)Pest Rating: C download pest rating *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "C-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"C-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=671"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3737,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3737","url_meta":{"origin":5089,"position":4},"title":"Operophtera brumata (L.) | Winter Moth","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"June 14, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Operophtera brumata (L.):\u00a0 Winter Moth Lepidoptera:\u00a0 Geometridae Pest Rating: \u00a0A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: In January 2013 USDA announced that Operophtera brumata, winter moth, was under consideration for deregulation at our ports.\u00a0 Stephen Brown (CDFA) recommended a rating proposal for the moth. History & Status:\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Insects, Mites & Earthworms"","block_context":{"text":"Insects, Mites & Earthworms","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=5"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3020,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3020","url_meta":{"origin":5089,"position":5},"title":"Opogona sacchari (Bojer): Banana moth","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"December 21, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Opogona sacchari (Bojer): \u00a0Banana moth Lepidoptera:\u00a0 Tineidae Pest Rating: \u00a0C PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: February 26, 2014, USDA distributed a Deregulation Evaluation of Established Pests (DEEP) report proposing to change the status of Opogona sacchari, banana moth, from actionable to non-actionable for the United States.\u00a0\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Insects, Mites & Earthworms"","block_context":{"text":"Insects, Mites & Earthworms","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=5"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5089","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/325"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5089"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5089\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5425,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5089\/revisions\/5425"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5089"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5089"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5089"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}