{"id":5071,"date":"2018-03-15T14:53:36","date_gmt":"2018-03-15T21:53:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5071"},"modified":"2018-05-07T12:21:31","modified_gmt":"2018-05-07T19:21:31","slug":"whitefly-aleurotrachelus-anonae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5071","title":{"rendered":"Whitefly | Aleurotrachelus anonae"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/h5>\n
Whitefly | Aleurotrachelus anonae <\/em>Corbett<\/h5>\n
Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae<\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: A<\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\n

PEST RATING PROFILE<\/h3>\n

Initiating Event:<\/h5>\n

Aleurotrachelus anonae<\/em> was recently reported to be established on the island of Hawaii.\u00a0 It is currently Q-rated, and a permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/h5>\n

Background:<\/u><\/strong> \u00a0Aleurotrachelus anonae <\/em>is a whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).\u00a0 The adults of Aleurotrachelus<\/em> species are small (1-2 mm in length), whitish (covered by white wax), fly-like insects (Malumphy and Reid, 2017). \u00a0The immature stages are found on leaves, where they feed on plant fluids.\u00a0 The last immature stage (\u201cpuparium\u201d) of A. anonae<\/em> is approximately 0.5 mm long, pale yellow, and oval in shape with finely-toothed margins (Corbett, 1935).\u00a0 This species has been reported from Annona squamosa<\/em>, Morus indica<\/em>, Persea americana<\/em>, and Zingiber<\/em> sp.\u00a0 Infestations on avocado in Hawaii apparently caused sooty mold, which grows on plant surfaces in association with the honeydew excreted by the whiteflies (Dubey and Ko, 2010; J. Matsunaga, pers. comm.; Malumphy and Reid.\u00a0 2017; Mound and Halsey, 1978).<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u><\/strong>:<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0 Aleurotrachelus anonae<\/em> is reported from Bangladesh, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Hawaii (Dubey and Ko, 2010; Evans, 2008; J. Matsunaga, pers. comm.).\u00a0 An Aleurotrachelus<\/em> infestation that may have been A. anonae<\/em> was found in a nursery in Florida.\u00a0 It is not known if this whitefly is currently present in that state (Stocks, 2016).<\/p>\n

Official Control:<\/u><\/strong> Aleurotrachelus anonae <\/em>is not known to be under official control anywhere.<\/p>\n

California Distribution: <\/u><\/strong>\u00a0Aleurotrachelus anonae<\/em> is not known to be present in California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions:<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0 Aleurotrachelus anonae<\/em> has not been intercepted in California.<\/p>\n

The risk Aleurotrachelus anonae <\/em>wo<\/em>uld pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:<\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong> Aleurotrachelus anonae<\/em> appears to have a moderate host range, and potential host trees are grown widely in California (Morus alba<\/em>, the genus of which contains a reported host, and Persea americana<\/em>, which was attacked in Hawaii and possibly in Florida). The areas where A. anonae<\/em> is known to occur have tropical\/subtropical climates. Aleurotrachelus anonae<\/em> may be able to become established in a limited portion of southern California.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) <\/strong>may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range: <\/strong>Although details are scarce, reports suggest that A. anonae<\/em> feeds on plants in at least four families. Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2)<\/strong> has a moderate host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has a wide host range.<\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> Adult whiteflies are capable of dispersing via flight, although they may not move great distances that way.\u00a0 Immature Aleyrodidae are sedentary and affixed to the surface of their host plant and thus are easily dispersed via movement of infested plant material, as proven by their frequent interception at ports of entry.\u00a0 Therefore, Aleurotrachelus anonae<\/em> receives a Medium (2)<\/span> <\/strong>in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) <\/strong>has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> Although Aleurotrachelus anonae<\/em> has been reported to feed on several different plants, little is known regarding the impact of such feeding.\u00a0 In support of the pest potential of A. anonae<\/em>, other species of Aleurotrachelus <\/em>are pests.\u00a0 For example, A. socialis<\/em> is the most important whitefly pest of cassava in Colombia, and A. atratus<\/em> is a pest of coconut in Africa and South America (Holgu\u00edn et al., 2006; Kityo et al., 2017).\u00a0 Aleurotrachelus anonae<\/em> was reported to attack avocado in Hawaii and possibly Florida.\u00a0 The Hawaii infestation was associated with sooty mold, which can reduce photosynthesis in affected plants (Malumphy and Reid, 2017).\u00a0 Avocados are an important crop in California, and if A. anonae<\/em> was established in this state, it could lower yields of avocado.\u00a0 This could trigger treatments as well.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/span> <\/strong>in this category.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact:\u00a0 A, D<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. <\/strong>The pest could lower crop yield.<\/span><\/p>\n

B. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/p>\n

C. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/p>\n

D. <\/strong>The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/span><\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score: 2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) <\/strong>causes 2 of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> There are no native California plants in the host genera reported for A. anonae<\/em>. However, mulberry (Morus alba<\/em>) is planted in California.\u00a0 Aleurotrachelus anonae<\/em> has been reported to feed on another Morus<\/em> species; if it was established in California, it could impact plantings of M. alba<\/em>. \u00a0Infestations on crop or ornamental plants could trigger treatments.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a High (3)<\/span> <\/strong>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact: D,E<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D. <\/strong>The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0E.\u00a0<\/strong>The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/span><\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact. Score:<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) causes one of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) <\/strong>causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Aleurotrachelus anonae<\/em>: Medium (11)<\/span><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

\u2013Low = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium <\/strong>= 9-12 points<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013High = 13-15 points<\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Aleurotrachelus anonae<\/em> is not known to be present in California. It receives a Not established (0)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013Not established (0)<\/strong> Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013Low (-1) Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium (-2) Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013High (-3) Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

The final score is the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: Medium (11)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncertainty:<\/h5>\n

The field reports of A. anonae<\/em> lack detail.\u00a0 For example, except for the report of sooty mold associated with this species on avocado in Hawaii, there is no indication of the level of damage (if any) inflicted on host plants.\u00a0 This may be an indication of a lack of impact on the host plants.\u00a0 There is also uncertainty regarding the suitability of California\u2019s climate for A. anonae<\/em>.\u00a0 The areas this species is currently known to occur in are tropical or subtropical.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification:<\/h5>\n

Aleurotrachelus anonae<\/em> is a whitefly that has been reported to feed on plants in at least four families.\u00a0 One of these plants is avocado, an important crop in California.\u00a0 Aleurotrachelus anonae<\/em> is not known to be present in California.\u00a0 It could potentially become established in southern portions of the state, and if it did so, it could impact agriculture and ornamental plantings.\u00a0 For these reasons, an \u201cA<\/strong>\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

\n
References:<\/h5>\n

Corbett, G. H. 1935. 48. Malayan Aleurodidae. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums. 17 (4): 722-852.<\/p>\n

Dubey, A.K. and C.-C. Ko.\u00a0 2010.\u00a0 Aleurotrachelus<\/em> Quaintance & Baker (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and allied genera from Taiwan.\u00a0 Zootaxa.\u00a0 2685: 1-29.<\/p>\n

Evans, G.A.\u00a0 2008.\u00a0 The whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) of the world and their host plants and natural enemies.\u00a0 Version 2008-09-23.<\/p>\n

Holgu\u00edn, C.M., Carabali, A., and Bellotti, A.C.\u00a0 2006.\u00a0 Tasa intr\u00ednseca de crecimiento de Aleurotrachelus socialis<\/em> (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) en yuca Manihot esculenta<\/em>.\u00a0 Revista Colombiana de Entomolog\u00eda.\u00a0 32(2): 140-144.<\/p>\n

Kityo, R., Cugala, D., and Nampala, P.\u00a0 2017.\u00a0 First record of parasitoids associated with the invasive coconut whitefly in Inhambane Province, Mozambique.\u00a0 International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research.\u00a0 3(2): 2568-2583.<\/p>\n

Malumphy, C. and Reid, S.\u00a0 2017.\u00a0 Solanum or pepper whitefly, Aleurotrachelus trachoides<\/em>.\u00a0 Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs.<\/p>\n

Mound, L.A. and Halsey, S.H.\u00a0 1978.\u00a0 Whitefly of the world.\u00a0 A systematic catalogue of the Aleyrodidae (Homoptera) with host plant and natural enemy data.\u00a0 British Museum and John Wiley and Sons.\u00a0 340 pp.<\/p>\n

Stocks, I.\u00a0 2016.\u00a0 Aleurotrachelus<\/em> near anonae<\/em> (Corbett), a new continental record whitefly in Florida.\u00a0 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry.\u00a0 Pest Alert.<\/p>\n

Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network.\u00a0 Accessed November 28, 2017.\u00a0http:\/\/scan1.acis.ufl.edu<\/a><\/p>\n

\n
Author:<\/h5>\n

Kyle Beucke, 1220 N Street, Room 221, Sacramento, CA, 95814, 916-403-6741, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov<\/p>\n

\n
Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 2800 Gateway Oaks, Sacramento CA 95833, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Period:* CLOSED<\/span><\/h5>\n

3\/15\/18 \u2013 4\/29\/18<\/p>\n

\n
*NOTE:<\/span><\/h5>\n

You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. \u00a0If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: A<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Posted by ls\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Whitefly | Aleurotrachelus anonae Corbett Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae Pest Rating: A   PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Aleurotrachelus anonae was recently reported to be established on the island of Hawaii.\u00a0 It is currently Q-rated, and a permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background: … Continue reading Whitefly | Aleurotrachelus anonae<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":325,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[18,5],"tags":[663,273,52,421],"class_list":["post-5071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hemiptera","category-entomology","tag-aleurotrachelus-anonae","tag-hemiptera-aleyrodidae","tag-insects-and-mites","tag-whitefly"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-1jN","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1621,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1621","url_meta":{"origin":5071,"position":0},"title":"Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi: Bondar\u2019s Nesting Whitefly","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"March 1, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi: Bondar\u2019s Nesting Whitefly Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae Pest Rating: \u00a0A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: On February 9, 2016 USDA announced that it had changed the status of Paraleyrodes bondari from actionable to non-actionable based on a recommendation from the National Plant Board1.\u00a0 Stephen Brown\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Hemiptera"","block_context":{"text":"Hemiptera","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=18"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2163,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2163","url_meta":{"origin":5071,"position":1},"title":"Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Spiraling Whitefly)","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"June 22, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Spiraling Whitefly) Hemiptera:\u00a0 Aleyrodidae Pest Rating: A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: \u00a0 In October 2013, USDA released a DEEP report proposing to deregulate Aleurodicus dispersus (spiraling whitefly).\u00a0 The insect is currently \u201cQ\u201d-rated by CDFA, so a pest rating proposal is needed to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Hemiptera"","block_context":{"text":"Hemiptera","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=18"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":10935,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=10935","url_meta":{"origin":5071,"position":2},"title":"Aleuroclava aucubae (Kuwana): a whitefly","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"August 26, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Aleuroclava aucubae (Kuwana): a whiteflyPest Rating: C download pest rating profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "C-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"C-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=671"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":11075,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=11075","url_meta":{"origin":5071,"position":3},"title":"Singhiella simplex (Sing): Ficus whitefly","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"October 12, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Singhiella simplex (Sing): Ficus whiteflyPest Rating: C download pest rating *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "C-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"C-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=671"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2713,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2713","url_meta":{"origin":5071,"position":4},"title":"Asiothrixus antidesmae (Takahashi): Whitefly [No Common Name]","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"October 13, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Asiothrixus antidesmae (Takahashi): Whitefly [No Common Name] Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae Pest Rating: \u00a0A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: In September 2016 the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) New Pest Advisory Group (NPAG) released a report on Asiothrixus antidesmae that recommended that USDA establish a non-reportable\/non-actionable port\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Hemiptera"","block_context":{"text":"Hemiptera","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=18"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":9469,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=9469","url_meta":{"origin":5071,"position":5},"title":"Aleurotulus anthuricola Nakahara: anthurium whitefly","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"January 20, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Aleurotulus anthuricola Nakahara: anthurium whiteflyPest Rating: C download pest rating profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "C-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"C-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=671"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5071","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/325"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5071"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5071\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5424,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5071\/revisions\/5424"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5071"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5071"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}