{"id":5070,"date":"2018-03-15T14:36:38","date_gmt":"2018-03-15T21:36:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5070"},"modified":"2018-05-07T12:18:57","modified_gmt":"2018-05-07T19:18:57","slug":"mealybug-palmicultor-browni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5070","title":{"rendered":"Mealybug | Palmicultor browni"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/h5>\n
Mealybug | Palmicultor browni <\/em>(Williams)<\/h5>\n
Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae<\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: A<\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\n

PEST RATING PROFILE<\/h3>\n

Initiating Event:<\/h5>\n

Palmicultor browni <\/em>is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/h5>\n

Background:<\/u><\/strong> \u00a0<\/em>This mealybug is associated with palms, including Adonidia merrillii<\/em>, Chrysalidocarpus lutescens<\/em>, Cocos nucifera<\/em> (coconut palm), Elaeis guineensis<\/em> (oil palm), Howeia forsteriana<\/em>, Phoenix roebelenii<\/em>, and Veitchia<\/em> spp. (Arzola, 2014; Evans and Dooley, 2013; Garc\u00eda Morales et al. 2016; Mille et al., 2016; Stocks, 2013). \u00a0\u00a0Its pest status is uncertain.\u00a0 Several sources state it is not a significant pest, but one suggests that it sometimes causes dieback of infested palms in Florida (Hodges and Hodges; Miller et al., 2002; Stocks, 2013).<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u><\/strong>:<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0 Palmicultor browni <\/em>is probably native to the Australasian region.\u00a0 It has been introduced to the United States, South America, the Caribbean, and areas in the Pacific outside its native range, including New Caledonia (Evans and Dooley, 2013; Mille et al., 2013).\u00a0 It was found in Florida in 1995, and as of 2013, it was present in five counties in that state (Miller et al., 2002; Stocks, 2013).\u00a0 This species has been intercepted in California on shipments originating in Florida (see below).\u00a0 It has not been reported from anywhere other than Florida in the United States.<\/p>\n

Official Control:<\/u><\/strong> Palmicultor browni <\/em>is not known to be under official control anywhere.<\/p>\n

California Distribution: <\/u><\/strong>\u00a0Palmicultor browni <\/em>is not known to be present in California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions:<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0 Palmicultor browni <\/em>has been intercepted on palm plants from Florida (PDR # 1261855) and was found on a palm in a Los Angeles County nursery (PDR # 190P06620038) and on a palm (apparently from Florida) at an Orange County store, (PDR # 300P06609688).<\/p>\n

The risk Palmicultor browni <\/em>would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:<\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong> Palmicultor browni<\/em> is apparently restricted to tropical\/subtropical areas.\u00a0 It is only known to feed on palms.\u00a0 It is possible that it could become established in a very limited portion of California, including coastal southern California.\u00a0 Therefore, Palmicultor browni<\/em> receives a Low (1)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) <\/strong>Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range: <\/strong>Palmicultor browni <\/em>has been associated with seven genera of palms. Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) <\/span><\/strong>has a moderate host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has a wide host range.<\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> Mealybugs can be transported with plants.\u00a0 Adult female mealybugs do not fly, and Palmicultor browni<\/em> only reproduces sexually (unlike some mealybugs, it is not capable of parthenogenesis). Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> Palmicultor browni <\/em>is only known to feed on palms.\u00a0 Therefore, the only possible economic impacts in California appear to be date production and ornamental palms.\u00a0 It seems unlikely that this tropical\/subtropical species could thrive in the California desert areas where dates are grown.\u00a0 It is more likely that it could be a problem in palm nurseries, especially in coastal southern California.\u00a0 Infestations in nurseries could increase production costs.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a Low (1)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact:\u00a0 B<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/p>\n

B. <\/strong>The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/span><\/p>\n

C. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score: 1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) <\/strong>causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> Palmicultor browni<\/em> only feeds on palms. There is only one species of palm native to California, Washingtonia filifera<\/em>.\u00a0 It is unlikely that browni<\/em> could thrive in the desert environment where this native palm occurs naturally.\u00a0 This mealybug could attack ornamental palm plantings.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact: E<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/p>\n

E. <\/strong>The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/span><\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact Score: 2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2)<\/strong> causes one of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Palmicultor browni<\/em>: Low (8)<\/span><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

\u2013Low <\/strong>= 5-8 points<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013Medium = 9-12 points<\/p>\n

\u2013High = 13-15 points<\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Palmicultor browni <\/em>is not known to occur in California.\u00a0 It receives a Not established (0)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013Not established (0) <\/strong>Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013Low (-1) Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium (-2) Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013High (-3) Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

7) The final score is<\/strong> the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: Low (8)<\/p>\n

Uncertainty:<\/h5>\n

It is possible that this mealybug could become established in coastal California, but there is little evidence that it is a serious pest anywhere.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification:<\/h5>\n

Palmicultor browni <\/em>is a palm-feeding species that is not known to occur in the state.\u00a0 Ornamental palms are a $70 million industry in California, and damage (including lowering of yield) to palms in nurseries could result if P. browni<\/em> becomes established here (Hoddle).\u00a0 For these reasons, an \u201cA<\/strong>\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

References:<\/h5>\n

Arzola, C.G.D.\u00a0 2014.\u00a0 Revisi\u00f3n anotada sobre la taxonom\u00eda de Pseudococcidae<\/p>\n

(Hemiptera: Coccoidea) en Puerto Rico.\u00a0 M.S. thesis, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Mayag\u00fcez, Puerto Rico.<\/p>\n

Evans, G.A. and Dooley, J.W.\u00a0 2013.\u00a0 18: Potential invasive species of scale insects for the USA and Caribbean Basin., pp. 320-341.\u00a0 In J. Pe\u00f1a (ed.), Potential Invasive Pests of Agricultural Crops.\u00a0 CABI.<\/p>\n

Garc\u00eda Morales, M., Denno, B.D., Miller, D.R., Miller, G.L., Ben-Dov, Y., and Hardy, N.B. \u00a02016. ScaleNet: A literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. doi: 10.1093\/database\/bav118.\u00a0 Accessed December 18, 2017. http:\/\/scalenet.info<\/a><\/p>\n

Hoddle, M.\u00a0 Has the South American palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum<\/em>, established in southern California?\u00a0 University of California, Riverside, Center for Invasive Species Research. Accessed: November 17, 2017\u00a0http:\/\/cisr.ucr.edu\/palmarum.html<\/a><\/p>\n

Hodges, A. and Hodges, G.\u00a0 \u00a0Exotic Palmicultor<\/em> mealybugs in Florida.\u00a0 University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Services.\u00a0 Accessed October 30, 2017.\u00a0 http:\/\/mrec.ifas.ufl.edu\/lso\/exoticscale&mealybug.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

Mille, C., Henderson, R.C., Caz\u00e8res, S., and Jourdan, H.\u00a0 2016.\u00a0 Checklist of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) of New Caledonia.\u00a0 Zoosystema.\u00a0 38(2): 129-176.<\/p>\n

Miller, D.R., Miller, G.L., Hodges, G.S., and Davidson, J.A.\u00a0 2005.\u00a0 Introduced scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the United States and their impact on U.S. agriculture.\u00a0 Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. \u00a0107(1): 123-158.<\/p>\n

Miller, D.R., Miller, G.L., and Watson, G.W.\u00a0 2002.\u00a0 Invasive species of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and their threat to U.S. agriculture.\u00a0 Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington.\u00a0 104(4): 825-836.<\/p>\n

Stocks, I.\u00a0 2013.\u00a0 18: Potential invasive species of scale insects for the USA and Caribbean Basin., pp. 342-362.\u00a0 In J. Pe\u00f1a (ed.), Potential Invasive Pests of Agricultural Crops.\u00a0 CABI.<\/p>\n

\n
Author:<\/h5>\n

Kyle Beucke, 1220 N Street, Room 221, Sacramento, CA, 95814, 916-403-6741, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov<\/p>\n

\n
Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 2800 Gateway Oaks, Sacramento CA 95833, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Period:* CLOSED<\/span><\/h5>\n

3\/15\/18 \u2013 4\/29\/18<\/p>\n

\n
*NOTE:<\/span><\/h5>\n

You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. \u00a0If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: A<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Posted by ls\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Mealybug | Palmicultor browni (Williams) Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae Pest Rating: A   PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Palmicultor browni is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background: \u00a0This mealybug is associated with palms, including Adonidia merrillii, Chrysalidocarpus lutescens, Cocos nucifera … Continue reading Mealybug | Palmicultor browni<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":325,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[18,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5070","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hemiptera","category-entomology"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-1jM","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1954,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1954","url_meta":{"origin":5070,"position":0},"title":"Insects, Mites & Earthworms","author":"Admin","date":"May 13, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Insects and mites are related in that their skeletons are on the outside (Phyllum: Arthropoda), but differ in that adult insects have six legs and adult mites have eight.\u00a0 Both groups can be beneficial, neutral or destructive to their environment.\u00a0 Like nematodes, they can cause yearly losses in the billions\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Ratings"","block_context":{"text":"Ratings","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=333"},"img":{"alt_text":"Insects and Mites Banner","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7366,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=7366","url_meta":{"origin":5070,"position":1},"title":"Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell): striped mealybug Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"July 17, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell): striped mealybug Pest Rating: A download pest rating *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by ka","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6938,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=6938","url_meta":{"origin":5070,"position":2},"title":"Miscanthicoccus miscanthi (Takahashi) – Miscanthus mealybug","author":"Raj Randhawa","date":"March 13, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Miscanthicoccus miscanthi (Takahashi) - Miscanthus mealybug. Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae. Pest Rating: B download pest rating *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by ka","rel":"","context":"In "B-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"B-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=670"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8622,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=8622","url_meta":{"origin":5070,"position":3},"title":"Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead): Lebbeck mealybug","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"July 1, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead): Lebbeck mealybugPest Rating: A download pest rating profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8628,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=8628","url_meta":{"origin":5070,"position":4},"title":"Pseudococcus landoi (Balachowsky): Lando mealybug","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"July 1, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Pseudococcus landoi (Balachowsky): Lando mealybugPest Rating: A download pest rating profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":9368,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=9368","url_meta":{"origin":5070,"position":5},"title":"Pseudococcus lycopodii Beardsley: a mealybug","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"December 21, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Pseudococcus lycopodii Beardsley: a mealybugPest Rating: C download pest rating Profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. 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