{"id":4409,"date":"2018-01-16T15:23:32","date_gmt":"2018-01-16T23:23:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=4409"},"modified":"2018-03-07T16:16:56","modified_gmt":"2018-03-08T00:16:56","slug":"small-spruce-bark-beetle-polygraphus-poligraphus-l","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=4409","title":{"rendered":"Small Spruce Bark Beetle | Polygraphus poligraphus (L.)"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/h5>\n
Small Spruce Bark Beetle |\u00a0\u00a0Polygraphus poligraphus <\/em>(L.)<\/h5>\n
Coleoptera<\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: A<\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\n

PEST RATING PROFILE<\/h3>\n

Initiating Event:<\/h5>\n

Polygraphus poligraphus <\/em>is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/h5>\n

Background:<\/u><\/strong> Polygraphus poligraphus<\/em> has been reported to feed on Norway spruce (Picea abies<\/em>) and Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris<\/em>).\u00a0 Apparently, it prefers weakened trees but can attack healthy ones as well.\u00a0 Healthier trees may be attacked when population levels of the beetle are high, probably because tree defenses can be overwhelmed through mass attack.\u00a0 Polygraphus poligraphus<\/em>, like many or most bark beetles, is associated with multiple species of fungi, and some of these may be pathogenic to trees.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u><\/strong>:<\/u><\/strong> Polygraphus poligraphus <\/em>is native to Europe and has a wide distribution there, being found from Scandinavia to the Mediterranean and Eastern Europe.<\/p>\n

Official Control:<\/u><\/strong> Although this species is considered a pest, it does not appear to be under official control in any country.<\/p>\n

California Distribution: <\/u><\/strong>\u00a0This species is not known to be present in California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions:<\/u><\/strong> Polygraphus poligraphus <\/em>has apparently been intercepted one time in California, on wood from Belgium or Germany (PDR # 798650).<\/p>\n

The risk Polygraphus poligraphus <\/em>would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:<\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong> Although Polygraphus poligraphus<\/em> has a wide distribution in Europe, extending from northern Europe to the Mediterranean, it appears that climates represented by much of its distribution may be colder than what is present in most of California. However, spruce and pine trees occur throughout California and are potential host trees of this beetle.\u00a0 Therefore, Polygraphus poligraphus<\/em> receives a Medium (2)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2)<\/strong> may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range: <\/strong>Polygraphus poligraphus<\/em> is known to attack at least two genera of coniferous trees. Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2)<\/strong> has a moderate host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has a wide host range.<\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> Polygraphus poligraphus<\/em> is capable of sustained flight. The species can also be artificially dispersed via movement of wood (including wood packing), as shown in one study where poligraphus<\/em> emerged in a Canadian quarantine facility from wood packing from Norway.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> There are challenges to predict the possible economic impact of Polygraphus poligraphus<\/em>.\u00a0 The literature suggests that living trees are attacked by this species, and multiple species of fungi (some of them apparently pathogenic) can be vectored by it.\u00a0 If established, poligraphus<\/em> could reduce the quality and\/or yield of timber, which could result in the loss of markets for California timber.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a High (3)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact:\u00a0 A, B, C<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/span><\/p>\n

B<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/span><\/p>\n

C<\/strong>. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/span><\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3)<\/strong> causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> As stated above, there is evidence that Polygraphus poligraphus<\/em> attacks living trees and could vector harmful fungi. This could have a significant impact on California forest ecosystems.\u00a0 There are several rare pines in California that could be impacted by the establishment of this beetle. \u00a0Therefore, it receives a High (3)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact: A, B<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A<\/strong>. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/span><\/p>\n

B<\/strong>. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/span><\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/p>\n

E. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) causes one of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3)<\/strong> causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Polygraphus poligraphus<\/em>: Medium (12)<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

\u2013Low = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium<\/strong> = 9-12 points<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013High = 13-15 points<\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Polygraphus poligraphus<\/em> is not known to be present in California.\u00a0 It receives a Not established (0)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013Not established (0)<\/strong> Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013Low (-1) Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium (-2) Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013High (-3) Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

7) The final score is<\/strong> the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: Medium (12)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Uncertainty:<\/h5>\n

Polygraphus poligraphus<\/em> is a bark beetle that primarily feeds on trees that are damaged or weakened, but some sources suggest that it can attack healthy trees.\u00a0 Hence, the impact of this species on natural and managed forests in California is difficult to predict.\u00a0 There is a possibility that the ability of P. poligraphus<\/em> to overcome the defenses of healthy trees and the impact of its vectored fungi (as well as any interactions between this beetle and fungi already present in California) in California could be different from what is seen in Europe.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification:<\/h5>\n

As mentioned above, there are uncertainties regarding the possible impact of this species.\u00a0 However, the fact that it does not yet occur in California, the evidence that it can (at least in some situations) attack living trees, and the fact that it can vector fungi suggest that an \u201cA\u201d<\/span><\/strong> rating is justified.<\/p>\n

\n
References:<\/h5>\n

Allen, E.A. and L.M. Humble.\u00a0 2002.\u00a0 Nonindigenous species introductions: A threat to Canada\u2019s forests and forest economy.\u00a0 Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology.\u00a0 24: 103-110.<\/p>\n

Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A., Kn\u00ed\u00f1ek, M., and S. Vit.\u00a0 2017. \u00a0Polygraphus poligraphus<\/em> (Linnaeus).\u00a0 Fauna Europaea version 2017.06 https:\/\/fauna-eu.org<\/a><\/p>\n

K\u00e4rvemo, S., Bj\u00f6rkman, C., Johansson, T., Weslien, J., and J. Hj\u00e4lten.\u00a0 2017.\u00a0 Forest restoration as a double-edged sword: the conflict between biodiversity conservation and pest control.\u00a0 Journal of Applied Ecology.\u00a0 1-11.<\/p>\n

Krokene, P. and H. Solheim.\u00a0 1996.\u00a0 Fungal associates of five bark beetle species colonizing Norway spruce.\u00a0 Canadian Journal of Forest Research.\u00a0 26: 2115-2122.<\/p>\n

Vojt\u011bch, O., K\u0159enov\u00e1, Z., and J. Rastislav.\u00a0 2013.\u00a0 Species of bark beetles (Scolytinae) collected\u00a0in the Bohemian Forest at Smr\u010dina\/Hochficht two years after the Kyrill hurricane.\u00a0 Silva Gabreta.\u00a0 19(3): 149-164.<\/p>\n

\n
Author:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Kyle Beucke, 1220 N Street, Room 221, Sacramento, CA, 95814, 916-403-6741, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov<\/p>\n

Responsible Party:<\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 2800 Gateway Oaks Drive, Sacramento CA 95833, (916) 654-1211;\u00a0\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Period:* CLOSED<\/span><\/h5>\n

1\/16\/2018 – 3\/2\/2018<\/p>\n

\n
*NOTE:<\/span><\/h5>\n

You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. \u00a0If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: A<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Small Spruce Bark Beetle |\u00a0\u00a0Polygraphus poligraphus (L.) Coleoptera Pest Rating: A   PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Polygraphus poligraphus is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background: Polygraphus poligraphus has been reported to feed on Norway spruce (Picea abies) … Continue reading Small Spruce Bark Beetle | Polygraphus poligraphus (L.)<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":325,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[15,5],"tags":[184,52,637,632],"class_list":["post-4409","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-coleoptera","category-entomology","tag-coleoptera","tag-insects-and-mites","tag-polygraphus-poligraphus","tag-small-spruce-bark-beetle"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-197","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1954,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1954","url_meta":{"origin":4409,"position":0},"title":"Insects, Mites & Earthworms","author":"Admin","date":"May 13, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Insects and mites are related in that their skeletons are on the outside (Phyllum: Arthropoda), but differ in that adult insects have six legs and adult mites have eight.\u00a0 Both groups can be beneficial, neutral or destructive to their environment.\u00a0 Like nematodes, they can cause yearly losses in the billions\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Ratings"","block_context":{"text":"Ratings","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=333"},"img":{"alt_text":"Insects and Mites Banner","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":5263,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5263","url_meta":{"origin":4409,"position":1},"title":"Black Timber Bark Beetle | Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford)","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"April 24, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Black Timber Bark Beetle | Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae Pest Rating: A \u00a0 \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Xylosandrus germanus is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background: Xylosandrus germanus is\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":4413,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=4413","url_meta":{"origin":4409,"position":2},"title":"Banded Elm Bark Beetle | Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"January 16, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating\u00a0 for Banded Elm Bark Beetle | Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov Coleoptera Pest Rating: C \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Scolytus schevyrewi is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. 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History & Status: Background: This bark beetle measures approximately\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":11661,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=11661","url_meta":{"origin":4409,"position":5},"title":"Bruchus pisorum (L.), pea seed beetle","author":"Courtney Albrecht","date":"June 22, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Bruchus pisorum (L.), pea seed beetlePest Rating: C download pest rating profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. 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