{"id":4401,"date":"2018-01-16T15:52:23","date_gmt":"2018-01-16T23:52:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=4401"},"modified":"2018-03-07T16:09:22","modified_gmt":"2018-03-08T00:09:22","slug":"bark-beetle-coccotrypes-rutschuruensis-eggers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=4401","title":{"rendered":"Bark Beetle | Coccotrypes rutschuruensis Eggers"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/h5>\n
Bark Beetle | Coccotrypes rutschuruensis <\/em>Eggers<\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: A<\/h5>\n

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PEST RATING PROFILE<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

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Initiating Event:<\/h5>\n

In 1987, beetles were found mining the bases of seedlings of the palm, Howea forsteriana<\/em>, in Orange County (PDR # 821414).\u00a0 The beetles were identified as Coccotrypes rutschuruensis<\/em> (misspelled in the PDR as rutshuruensis<\/em>).\u00a0 This apparently represents the only detection of the species in the United States.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/h5>\n

Background:<\/u><\/strong> This species has been found associated with the following plants: Annona <\/em>sp. (Annonaceae), Astrocaryum murumura<\/em>, Howea forsteriana<\/em>, Phoenix reclinata<\/em> (Arecaceae), and Triplochiton scleroxylon<\/em> (Malvaceae).\u00a0 Wood (2007) considered it possible that what he treated as C. rutschuruensis<\/em> could have been two or more species.\u00a0 Therefore, the biological data of multiple species may have been combined and the specific identification of members of this genus may be problematic.\u00a0 Regardless, little biological information is available for the beetles that have been referred to by this name except for reports of feeding on the bases of seedlings of Howea forsteriana<\/em> and in Astrocaryum<\/em> palm nuts.\u00a0 For both of these reasons (doubtful species identity and poorly-known biology), a cautious approach must be taken and the biology of the entire genus Coccotrypes<\/em> will be drawn upon in this proposal.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u><\/strong>:<\/u><\/strong> Coccotrypes rutschuruensis<\/em> was described from material collected in Rutshuru, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and it is presumably native to that continent.\u00a0 The 1987 Orange County find is apparently the only record of this species in the United States, and it is presumed that this species is not established in this country (Haack and Rabaglia 2013).\u00a0 There are reports that this species has been introduced to Brazil and Suriname (Wood, 2007). \u00a0Unfortunately, these records may represent one or more different species due to the confused taxonomy.<\/p>\n

Official Control:<\/u><\/strong> Coccotrypes rutschuruensis <\/em>is not known to be under official control anywhere.<\/p>\n

California Distribution: <\/u><\/strong>This species is not known to occur in the United States.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions:<\/u><\/strong> The above-mentioned detection in Orange County is apparently the only record of this species in California (and the United States).<\/p>\n

The risk Coccotrypes rutschuruensis <\/em>would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:<\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong> The available distribution records suggest that the species is primarily tropical but may also be capable of establishment in temperate climates, although this depends on the specimens identified as rutschuruensis<\/em> in South America actually being that species. Because of the lack of biological information available on this species and the doubt regarding the species identities, the broad, collective climatic tolerance of the entire genus Coccotrypes <\/em>is considered.\u00a0 Regarding host plants, this beetles appears to be mostly restricted to palms.\u00a0 There is only one native palm in California, but many species are planted as ornamentals in the southern half of the state.\u00a0 Therefore, C. rutschuruensis<\/em> receives a Medium (2)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2)<\/strong> may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3) likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range: <\/strong>The available feeding records for Coccotrypes rutschuruensis <\/em>all involve palms, although there is little biological information available. The feeding habits of the entire genus Coccotrypes<\/em> are considered.\u00a0 Therefore, Coccotrypes rutschuruensis<\/em> receives a High (3)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) has a moderate host range.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3)<\/strong> has a wide host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> Coccotrypes<\/em> species are inbreeding and can reproduce via arrhenotokous parthenogenesis. This means that a single, unfertilized female is capable of founding a population by producing males from unfertilized eggs and mating with them.\u00a0 In addition, Coccotrypes<\/em> species are known to fly.\u00a0 Therefore, Coccotrypes rutschuruensis<\/em> receives a High (3)<\/span> <\/strong>in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> The beetles identified as rutschuruensis<\/em> were reported feeding on palm seeds and seedlings. It is possible that if it were to become established in California, this beetle could impact the date and ornamental palm industries, including lowering yield and disrupting markets and increasing production costs.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a High (3)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact:\u00a0 A, B, C<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/span><\/p>\n

B<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/span><\/p>\n

C<\/strong>. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/span><\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3)<\/strong> causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> Coccotrypes rutschuruensis<\/em> is reported to feed on palm seeds and seedlings. Another species of Coccotrypes<\/em>, carpophagus<\/em>, has been reported to feed on Washingtonia filifera<\/em> and W. robusta<\/em>.\u00a0 If introduced into California, C. rutschuruensis<\/em> could impact the regeneration of the native Washingtonia filifera<\/em> palm in southern California.\u00a0 This beetle could also impact ornamental palm plantings and trigger treatment programs if planted palms were attacked.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact: A, D, E<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A<\/strong>. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/span><\/p>\n

B. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D<\/strong>. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/span><\/p>\n

E<\/strong>. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/span><\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact. Score:<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1) causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Medium (2) causes one of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

\u2013 High (3)<\/strong> causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Coccotrypes rutschuruensis<\/em>: High (14)<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

\u2013Low = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium = 9-12 points<\/p>\n

\u2013High<\/strong> = 13-15 points<\/span><\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Coccotrypes rutschuruensis<\/em> been found only once in California (the Orange County find cited above).\u00a0 Because there is no further evidence of this species in the state, it receives a Not established (0)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013Not established (0)<\/strong> Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013Low (-1) Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

\u2013Medium (-2) Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

\u2013High (-3) Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

7) The final score is<\/strong> the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: High (14)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncertainty:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Coccotrype<\/em>s is diverse (129 described species) and the body size is minute.\u00a0 This makes identification challenging even in a best-case scenario (i.e., if the systematics of the group have been well-studied, or a modern revision existed).\u00a0 In many cases, specimens of Coccotrypes<\/em> are only identified to the level of genus.\u00a0 This means that, even if C. rutschuruensis<\/em> was established in the United States, it may not have been identified as that species.\u00a0 In addition, the sparseness of biological data available for this species, along with the doubt regarding its identity, leads the author to consider the biology of the entire genus Coccotrypes<\/em> in developing a rating.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification:<\/h5>\n

The beetles historically identified as C. rutschuruensis<\/em> have been reported feeding on palm seeds and seedlings.\u00a0 This raises the possibility of economic and environmental damage if this species became established.\u00a0 There is apparently a possibility that other Coccotrypes <\/em>species may be referred to as C. rutschuruensis<\/em>, which means that a specimen intercepted in California and identified as C. rutschuruensis<\/em> may be a different species with a different biology (including feeding habits and climatic tolerances).\u00a0 For this reason, a cautious approach has been taken.\u00a0 Coccotrypes rutschuruensis<\/em> deserves an \u201cA\u201d<\/strong> rating.<\/p>\n

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References:<\/h5>\n

Atkinson, T.H.\u00a0 2017.\u00a0 Bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America.\u00a0http:\/\/www.barkbeetles.info<\/a><\/p>\n

Haack, R.A.\u00a0 2001.\u00a0 Intercepted Scolytidae (Coleoptera) at U.S. ports of entry: 1985-2000.\u00a0 Integrated Pest Management.\u00a0 6: 253-282.<\/p>\n

Haack, R.A. and R.J. Rabaglia.\u00a0 2013.\u00a0 Exotic bark and ambrosia beetles in the USA: Potential and current invaders.\u00a0 In (J. Pe\u00f1a, ed.): Potential pests of agricultural crops (pp. 48-74).\u00a0 CAB International.<\/p>\n

Vega, F.E. and R.W. Hofstetter.\u00a0 2014.\u00a0 Bark beetles: Biology and ecology of native and invasive species.\u00a0 Academic Press.\u00a0 640 pp.<\/p>\n

Wood, S.L.\u00a0 2007.\u00a0 Bark and ambrosia beetles of South America.\u00a0 Brigham Young University.\u00a0 900 pp.<\/p>\n

Wood, S.L. and D.E. Bright.\u00a0 1992.\u00a0 A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index.\u00a0 Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs.\u00a0 13: 1-1553.<\/p>\n

\n
Author:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Kyle Beucke, 1220 N Street, Room 221, Sacramento, CA, 95814, 916-403-6741, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov<\/p>\n

Responsible Party:<\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 2800 Gateway Oaks Drive, Sacramento CA 95833, (916) 654-1211;\u00a0\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Period:* CLOSED<\/span><\/h5>\n

1\/16\/2018 \u2013 3\/2\/2018<\/p>\n

\n
*NOTE:<\/span><\/h5>\n

You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. \u00a0If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: A<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Bark Beetle | Coccotrypes rutschuruensis Eggers Pest Rating: A   PEST RATING PROFILE   Initiating Event: In 1987, beetles were found mining the bases of seedlings of the palm, Howea forsteriana, in Orange County (PDR # 821414).\u00a0 The beetles were identified as Coccotrypes rutschuruensis (misspelled in the PDR as rutshuruensis).\u00a0 This … Continue reading Bark Beetle | Coccotrypes rutschuruensis Eggers<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":325,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[15,5],"tags":[630,639,184,52],"class_list":["post-4401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-coleoptera","category-entomology","tag-bark-beetle","tag-coccotrypes-rutschuruensis","tag-coleoptera","tag-insects-and-mites"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-18Z","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":4403,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=4403","url_meta":{"origin":4401,"position":0},"title":"Black Pine Bark Beetle | Hylastes ater (Paykull)","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"January 17, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Black Pine Bark Beetle | Hylastes ater (Paykull) Pest Rating: A \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Hylastes ater is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background: Hylastes ater is fairly large (3.5-4.4 mm\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Coleoptera"","block_context":{"text":"Coleoptera","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=15"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8208,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=8208","url_meta":{"origin":4401,"position":1},"title":"Cyclorhipidion distinguendum (Eggers): an ambrosia beetle","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"March 16, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Cyclorhipidion distinguendum (Eggers): an ambrosia beetlePest Rating: C download pest rating profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "C-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"C-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=671"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":4411,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=4411","url_meta":{"origin":4401,"position":2},"title":"A Bark Beetle | Pycnarthrum hispidum (Ferrari)","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"January 16, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for A Bark Beetle | Pycnarthrum hispidum (Ferrari) Coleoptera Pest Rating: C \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Pycnarthrum hispidum is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background: \u00a0Pycnarthrum hispidum is a neotropical bark beetle\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Coleoptera"","block_context":{"text":"Coleoptera","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=15"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":4409,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=4409","url_meta":{"origin":4401,"position":3},"title":"Small Spruce Bark Beetle | Polygraphus poligraphus (L.)","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"January 16, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Small Spruce Bark Beetle |\u00a0\u00a0Polygraphus poligraphus (L.) Coleoptera Pest Rating: A \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Polygraphus poligraphus is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background: Polygraphus poligraphus has been reported to feed\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Coleoptera"","block_context":{"text":"Coleoptera","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=15"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":5547,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5547","url_meta":{"origin":4401,"position":4},"title":"Ambrosia Beetle | Euwallacea similis (Ferrari)","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"June 28, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Ambrosia Beetle | Euwallacea similis (Ferrari) Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae Pest Rating: A \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Euwallacea similis is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background: \u00a0Adult female Euwallacea similis measure approximately\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":5263,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5263","url_meta":{"origin":4401,"position":5},"title":"Black Timber Bark Beetle | Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford)","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"April 24, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Black Timber Bark Beetle | Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae Pest Rating: A \u00a0 \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Xylosandrus germanus is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. 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