{"id":4396,"date":"2018-01-11T15:20:27","date_gmt":"2018-01-11T23:20:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=4396"},"modified":"2018-02-26T14:55:30","modified_gmt":"2018-02-26T22:55:30","slug":"ambrosia-beetle-xylosandrus-amputatus-blandford","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=4396","title":{"rendered":"Ambrosia Beetle | Xylosandrus amputatus (Blandford)"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Ambrosia Beetle |\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>Xylosandrus amputatus<\/em><\/strong> (Blandford)<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Coleoptera: Curculionidae<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: A<\/strong><\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n
PEST RATING PROFILE<\/h5>\n
Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

The United States Department of Agriculture\u2019s Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Lab has proposed changing the status of the ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus amputatus<\/em> from actionable to nonactionable1<\/sup>.\u00a0 A pest rating proposal is required to determine the impacts that this proposed change might have on California and to assign a permanent pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background<\/u>:<\/strong>\u00a0 Xylosandrus amputatus<\/em> is a small fungus-feeding ambrosia beetle1<\/sup>.\u00a0 Female beetles carry a symbiotic fungus and inoculate host trees1<\/sup>.\u00a0 Adults and larvae then feed on the fungus1<\/sup>.\u00a0 In its native range this beetle has been collected from trees in the families Anacardiaceae, Ebenaceae, Geraniaceae, Lauraceae, Moraceae, Rhamnaceae, Sapindaceae, Styracaceae, and Theaceae2<\/sup>.\u00a0 Reported hosts include maple (Acer<\/em> sp.)1<\/sup>, sumac (Rhus trichocarpa<\/em>)1<\/sup>, Diospyros morrisiana<\/em>1<\/sup>, zonal geranium (Pelargonium<\/em> x hortorum<\/em>)1<\/sup>, Actinodaphne lanciflora<\/em>1<\/sup> (possibly lancifolia<\/em>), camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora<\/em>)1<\/sup>, Cinnamomum mairei<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cinnamomum osmophloeum<\/em>1<\/sup>, Machilus<\/em> sp.1<\/sup>, Persea<\/em> (Machilus<\/em>) thubergii<\/em>1<\/sup>, fig (Ficus carica<\/em>)1<\/sup>, jujube (Ziziphus jujube<\/em>)1<\/sup>, snowbell (Styrax suberifolium<\/em>)1<\/sup>, and Stewartia monoderpha<\/em>1 <\/sup>(possibly monodelpha<\/em>).\u00a0 The beetles can be rapidly transported long distances when infested wood products such as firewood are moved.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u>:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Xylosandrus amputatus<\/em> is native to Asia (China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan)1,2<\/sup>.\u00a0 The beetle is only known to have invaded Florida and Georgia1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Official Control<\/u>:\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0Xylosandrus amputatus<\/em> is not known to be under official control in any other states or nations.<\/p>\n

California Distribution<\/u>:<\/strong>\u00a0 Xylosandrus amputatus<\/em> has never been found in the environment of California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/u>:<\/strong>\u00a0 Xylosandrus amputatus<\/em> has never been intercepted by CDFA or the County Agricultural Commissioners.<\/p>\n

The risk Xylosandrus amputatus<\/em> would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Xylosandrus amputatus<\/em> is likely able to establish throughout USDA Plant Hardiness zones 7 through 101<\/sup>. This is a climatic match for most of California.\u00a0 Suitable host plants are grown throughout this region as well.\u00a0 The beetle receives a High (3)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California.\u00a0 Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/span><\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Xylosandrus amputatus<\/em> is known to feed on at least 314 species of plants in 9 plant families.\u00a0 It receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the host range of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has a moderate host range.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has a wide host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> In Florida, Xylosandrus amputatus<\/em> has spread 200 miles in 7 years, demonstrating a high dispersal potential1<\/sup>.\u00a0 The beetle could be spread through the movement of infested wood, including firewood.\u00a0 Ambrosia beetles also have high reproductive potential.\u00a0 Xylosandrus amputatus<\/em> receives a High (3)<\/span> <\/strong>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the natural and artificial dispersal potential of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> In Florida and Georgia, where Xylosandrus amputatus<\/em> has become established, it has not been found attacking healthy, stressed, or dying trees1<\/sup>.\u00a0 It has only been found in traps.\u00a0 Until more information about its biology in Florida or Georgia is known, it is appropriate to consider impacts that the beetles could have on all known hosts.\u00a0 Fig and jujube are both known hosts that are grown commercially in California.\u00a0 If Xylosandrus amputatus<\/em> were to become established in the state the beetle could lower crop yields and increase crop production costs.\u00a0 Female beetles also vector a fungal symbiont, Ambrosiella beaveri<\/em>1<\/sup>.\u00a0 However, it is not known if this fungus is pestiferous1<\/sup>.\u00a0 Xylosandrus amputatus<\/em> receives a High (3)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the criteria below. Score:<\/p>\n

Economic Impact: A, B, E<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/span><\/p>\n

B<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/span><\/p>\n

C. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E<\/strong>. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/span><\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> If Xylosandrus amputatus<\/em> were to establish in California it is not likely to lower biodiversity, disrupt natural communities, or change ecosystem processes.\u00a0 The beetle is not expected to feed on any threatened or endangered species or disrupt critical habitats.\u00a0 The species might trigger new treatment programs in fig and jujube orchards, however it is not likely to significantly impact cultural practices or home\/urban gardens.\u00a0 However, known host trees are common ornamental plants in California and may be susceptible to attack, especially if trees that are stressed due to drought.\u00a0 Xylosandrus amputatus<\/em> receives a High (3) <\/strong><\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact: D, E<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D<\/strong>. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/span><\/p>\n

E<\/strong>. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/span><\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes one of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Xylosandrus amputatus<\/em>:<\/strong>\u00a0 High (15)<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

–Low<\/strong> = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

–Medium<\/strong> = 9-12 points<\/p>\n

–High<\/strong> = 13-15 points<\/span><\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Xylosandrus amputatus<\/em> has never been found in the environment of California and receives a Not established (0)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included.<\/p>\n

–Not established (0)<\/strong> Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

–Low (-1)<\/strong> Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

–Medium (-2)<\/strong> Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

–High (-3)<\/strong> Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

The final score is the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: High (15)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncertainty: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Although Xylosandrus amputatus<\/em> is well established throughout most of Florida and part of Georgia, however the beetles are only known from traps.\u00a0 There is no information as to what host plants the beetles are feeding on in these states or if host trees are healthy or stressed.\u00a0 There is a possibility that they are feeding on additional host tree species.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Xylosandrus amputatus<\/em> has never been found in California.\u00a0 If it were to enter the state, it is likely to have significant impacts on ornamental trees and fig and jujube production.\u00a0 An \u201cA\u201d-rating is justified.<\/p>\n

\n
References: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Note:<\/strong>\u00a0 If links do not work please copy and paste URLs into your browser.<\/em><\/p>\n

1<\/sup>PPQ. 2017. DEEP report for Xylosandrus amputatus<\/em> (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ), Raleigh, North Carolina. 4 pp.\u00a0 To request a copy of this report please contact USDA.<\/p>\n

2<\/sup> Cognato, Anthony I., Rachel O. Olson, and Robert J. Rabaglia. 2011. An Asian Ambrosia Beetle, Xylosandrus amputatus<\/em> (Blandford) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini), Discovered in Florida, U.S.A. The Coleopterists Bulletin 65(1): 43-45.\u00a0 https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Anthony_Cognato\/publication\/232681964_An_Asian_Ambrosia_Beetle_Xylosandrus_amputatus_Blandford_Curculionidae_Scolytinae_Xyleborini_Discovered_in_Florida_USA\/links\/55b7632508ae9289a08be3a5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

\n
Responsible Party:<\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 2800 Gateway Oaks Drive, Sacramento CA 95833, (916) 654-1211;\u00a0\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Period:* CLOSED<\/span><\/h5>\n

1\/11\/2018 – 2\/25\/2018<\/p>\n

\n
*NOTE:<\/span><\/h5>\n

You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. \u00a0If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: A<\/strong><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Ambrosia Beetle |\u00a0\u00a0Xylosandrus amputatus (Blandford) Coleoptera: Curculionidae Pest Rating: A   PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: The United States Department of Agriculture\u2019s Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Lab has proposed changing the status of the ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus amputatus from actionable to nonactionable1.\u00a0 A pest rating proposal is required to determine … Continue reading Ambrosia Beetle | Xylosandrus amputatus (Blandford)<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[15,5],"tags":[628,217,52,629],"class_list":["post-4396","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-coleoptera","category-entomology","tag-ambrosia-beetle","tag-coleoptera-curculionidae","tag-insects-and-mites","tag-xylosandrus-amputatus"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-18U","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":5263,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5263","url_meta":{"origin":4396,"position":0},"title":"Black Timber Bark Beetle | Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford)","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"April 24, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Black Timber Bark Beetle | Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae Pest Rating: A \u00a0 \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Xylosandrus germanus is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background: Xylosandrus germanus is\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":5261,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5261","url_meta":{"origin":4396,"position":1},"title":"Granulate Ambrosia Beetle | Xylosandrus crassiusculus Motschulsky","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"April 24, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Granulate Ambrosia Beetle\u00a0 |\u00a0\u00a0Xylosandrus crassiusculus Motschulsky Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae Pest Rating: A \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Xylosandrus crassiusculus is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background:\u00a0\u00a0Xylosandrus crassiusculus is a moderate-sized (adult females\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":5265,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5265","url_meta":{"origin":4396,"position":2},"title":"Black Twig Borer | Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff)","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"April 24, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Black Twig Borer | Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae Pest Rating: A \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Xylosandrus compactus is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background: Xylosandrus compactus is a small\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8208,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=8208","url_meta":{"origin":4396,"position":3},"title":"Cyclorhipidion distinguendum (Eggers): an ambrosia beetle","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"March 16, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Cyclorhipidion distinguendum (Eggers): an ambrosia beetlePest Rating: C download pest rating profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "C-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"C-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=671"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8985,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=8985","url_meta":{"origin":4396,"position":4},"title":"Xyleborus pfeilii (Ratzeburg): an ambrosia beetle","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"September 30, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Xyleborus pfeilii (Ratzeburg): an ambrosia beetlePest Rating: C download pest rating profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. 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