{"id":4395,"date":"2018-01-11T15:37:10","date_gmt":"2018-01-11T23:37:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=4395"},"modified":"2018-02-26T14:31:55","modified_gmt":"2018-02-26T22:31:55","slug":"camphor-shot-borer-cnestus-mutilatus-blandford","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=4395","title":{"rendered":"Camphor Shot Borer | Cnestus mutilatus (Blandford)"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Camphor shot borer |\u00a0<\/strong>Cnestus mutilatus<\/em><\/strong> (Blandford)<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Curculionidae: Coleoptera<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: A<\/strong><\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n
PEST RATING PROFILE<\/h5>\n
Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has proposed changing the status of Cnestus mutilatus<\/em> from actionable to non-actionable.\u00a0 A pest rating proposal is required to determine a permanent pest rating for this beetle.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background<\/u>:\u00a0<\/strong> Cnestus mutilatus<\/em> is a wood-boring beetle that prefers to attack stems that are 2-5 cm in diameter, including more than 20 botanical families1<\/sup>.\u00a0 Female beetles bore into trees and inoculate them with fungi1<\/sup>.\u00a0 Adult beetles and larvae feed on these fungi, and reside within the stems.\u00a0 A wide variety of trees are attacked.<\/p>\n

Known hosts include Aceraceae:<\/strong> Japanese maple (Acer palmatum<\/em>)1<\/sup>, red maple (Acer rubrum<\/em>) 1<\/sup>, sugar maple (Acer saccharum<\/em>) 1<\/sup>, maples (Acer<\/em> spp.) 1<\/sup>, Acer sieboldianum<\/em>1<\/sup>; Betulaceae:<\/strong> American hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana<\/em>) 1<\/sup>, Japanese hornbeam (Carpinus laxiflora<\/em>) 1<\/sup>; Cornaceae:<\/strong> flowering dogwood (Cornus florida<\/em>) 1<\/sup>, dogwood (Cornus<\/em> spp.) 1<\/sup>; Fabaceae:<\/strong> Albizia<\/em> spp. 1<\/sup>, Ormosia hosiei<\/em>1<\/sup>; Fagaceae:<\/strong> beech (Fagus grandifolia<\/em>) 1<\/sup>, chestnut (Castanea<\/em> spp.) 1<\/sup>, Japanese beech (Fagus crenata<\/em>) 1<\/sup>, Quercus shumardii<\/em>1<\/sup>; Hamamelidaceae:<\/strong> sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua<\/em>) 1<\/sup>; Juglandaceae:<\/strong> hickory (Carya<\/em> spp.) 1<\/sup>, Platycarya<\/em> spp. 1<\/sup>; Lauraceae:<\/strong> camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora<\/em>) 1<\/sup>, spicebush (Benzoin<\/em> [Lindera<\/em>] spp.) 1<\/sup>, Lindera erythrocarpa<\/em>1<\/sup>, Lindera triloba<\/em>1<\/sup>, Parabenzoin<\/em> [Lindera<\/em>] praecox<\/em>1<\/sup>, Machilus<\/em> [Persea<\/em>] thunbergii<\/em>1<\/sup>; Magnoliaceae:<\/strong> yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera<\/em>) 1<\/sup>; Meliaceae:<\/strong> Melia azedarach<\/em>1<\/sup>; big leaved mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla<\/em>) 1<\/sup>; Oleaceae:<\/strong> Osmanthus fragrans<\/em>1<\/sup>; Taxodiaceae:<\/strong> Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica<\/em>) 1<\/sup>; Pinaceae:<\/strong> loblolly pine (Pinus taeda<\/em>) 1<\/sup>; Rosaceae:<\/strong> black cherry (Prunus serotina<\/em>) 1<\/sup>, wild plum (Prunus americana<\/em>) 1<\/sup>; Theaceae:<\/strong> Camellia<\/em> spp. 1<\/sup>; Ulmaceae:<\/strong> elm (Ulmus alata<\/em>) 1<\/sup>; Vitaceae:<\/strong> muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia<\/em>) 1<\/sup>. It has also been reported on Anacardiaceae<\/strong>, Cupressaceae<\/strong>, Melastomataceae<\/strong>, Papilionaceae<\/strong>, and Styracaceae<\/strong>1<\/sup>.\u00a0 The beetles can be transported long distances when infested nursery stock or firewood is moved.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u>:<\/strong> Cnestus mutilatus<\/em> is native to Asia, and has invaded the eastern United States and established a widespread distribution there1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Official Control<\/u>:<\/strong> Cnestus mutilatus<\/em> is not known to be under official control in any other states or nations.<\/p>\n

California Distribution<\/u>:\u00a0<\/strong> Cnestus mutilatus<\/em> has never been found in the environment of California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/u>:\u00a0<\/strong> Cnestus mutilatus<\/em> has never been intercepted by CDFA or County Agricultural agents.<\/p>\n

The risk Cnestus mutilatus<\/em> (Camphor shot borer) would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong> The native distribution of Cnestus mutilatus<\/em> corresponds with Plant Hardiness Zones 5 through 131<\/sup>, which matches most of the state of California. One model predicts that this beetle will not find the western United States as favorable as the east due to precipitation and temperature requirements1,2<\/sup>.\u00a0 However, this same model also predicted that the beetles would not find suitable habitats in other eastern states where the beetle has since been found.\u00a0 Other invasive wood boring beetles with similar native Asian distributions are thriving in California.\u00a0 The accuracy of predictive models for wood-boring beetle distributions could likely be improved by including data on the environment inside trees, where the beetles spend the majority of their lives.\u00a0 Host trees of the beetle are widely grown as ornamentals in California.\u00a0 Cnestus mutilatus<\/em> can be expected to establish a widespread distribution in California and receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California.\u00a0 Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/span><\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range:<\/strong> Cnestus mutilatus<\/em> is highly polyphagous and receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the host range of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has a moderate host range.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has a wide host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> Cnestus mutilatus<\/em> both disperses and overwinters as mated females so a single individual can found a new population.\u00a0 Female beetles can fly 2-3km and can rapidly be transported long distances when infested nursery stock or firewood is moved1<\/sup>.\u00a0 Cnestus mutilatus<\/em> receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the natural and artificial dispersal potential of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> Cnestus mutilatus<\/em> attacks nursery stock and a variety of insecticide treatments have been developed for this pest.\u00a0 If this beetle were to establish in California, it is likely to affect yields of nurseries and increase production costs.\u00a0 The beetles also vector symbiotic fungi from tree to tree.\u00a0 Known hosts of the beetle include cherry, plum, and grapes (Prunus serotina<\/em>, Prunus americana<\/em>, and Vitis rotundifolia<\/em>).\u00a0 If the beetles are able to feed on grapevines and other stone fruit trees, it could have significant impacts on California\u2019s $5.58 billion grape industry and $21 billion fruit and nut crop industries.\u00a0 Cnestus mutilatus<\/em> receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the criteria below. Score:<\/p>\n

Economic Impact:\u00a0 A, B, E<\/span><\/h5>\n

A<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/span><\/p>\n

B<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/span><\/p>\n

C. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E<\/strong>. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/span><\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> Cnestus mutilatus<\/em> is not expected to lower biodiversity, disrupt natural communities, or change ecosystem processes.\u00a0 The species is not expected to directly affect threatened or endangered species or disrupt critical habitats.\u00a0 The beetle is likely to trigger new chemical treatments by the nursery industry and by residents who find infested plants unsightly.\u00a0 Many host trees of the beetle are planted as ornamentals in California and are likely to be significantly affected by this pest.\u00a0 Cnestus mutilatus<\/em> receives a High (3)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact: D, E<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D<\/strong>. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/span><\/p>\n

E<\/strong>. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/span><\/p>\n

Environmental Impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes one of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Cnestus mutilatus<\/em> (Camphor shot borer):\u00a0 High (15)<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

–Low<\/strong> = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

–Medium<\/strong> = 9-12 points<\/p>\n

–High<\/strong> = 13-15 points<\/span><\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Cnestus mutilatus<\/em> has never been found in California and receives a Not established (0)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included.<\/p>\n

–Not established (0)<\/strong> Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

–Low (-1)<\/strong> Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

–Medium (-2)<\/strong> Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

–High (-3)<\/strong> Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

The final score is the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: High (15)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncertainty: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

In some cases, Cnestus mutilatus<\/em> is attracted to gasoline mixed with ethanol3<\/sup>.\u00a0 Female beetles can bore into plastic fuel storage containers, causing fuel to leak out3<\/sup>.\u00a0 This could potentially increase the risk of fire in California3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Cnestus mutilatus<\/em> has not been found in California and is expected to have significant economic and environmental impacts if it were to establish in the state.\u00a0 An \u201cA\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

\n
References: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

1 <\/sup>PPQ. 2017. DEEP report for Cnestus mutilatus<\/em> (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)\u2014Camphor shot borer. United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ), Raleigh, NC. 5 pp.\u00a0 To request a copy of this report please contact USDA.<\/p>\n

2<\/sup> Olatinwo, R., D. Streett, and C. Carlton. 2014. Habitat suitability under changing climatic conditions for the exotic ambrosia beetle, Cnestus mutilatus <\/em>(Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) in the southeastern United States. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 107(4):782-788.\u00a0 https:\/\/www.srs.fs.usda.gov\/pubs\/ja\/2014\/ja_2014_olatinwo_004.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

3<\/sup> Carlton, Chris and Victoria Bayless.\u00a0 2011. A case of Cnestus mutilatus<\/em> (Blandford) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) Females Damaging Plastic Fuel Storage Containers in Louisiana, U.S.A. The Coleopterists Bulletin 65(3): 290-291. http:\/\/www.lsuinsects.org\/resources\/docs\/publications\/Carlton&Bayless2011Cnestus.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

\n
Responsible Party:<\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 2800 Gateway Oaks Drive, Sacramento CA 95833, (916) 654-1211;\u00a0\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Period:* CLOSED<\/span><\/h5>\n

1\/11\/2018 – 2\/25\/2018<\/p>\n

\n
*NOTE:<\/span><\/h5>\n

You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. \u00a0If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: A<\/strong><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Camphor shot borer |\u00a0Cnestus mutilatus (Blandford) Curculionidae: Coleoptera Pest Rating: A   PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has proposed changing the status of Cnestus mutilatus from actionable to non-actionable.\u00a0 A pest rating proposal is required to determine a permanent pest rating for this beetle. … Continue reading Camphor Shot Borer | Cnestus mutilatus (Blandford)<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[15,5],"tags":[634,52],"class_list":["post-4395","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-coleoptera","category-entomology","tag-camphor-shot-borer","tag-insects-and-mites"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-18T","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":13637,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=13637","url_meta":{"origin":4395,"position":0},"title":"Euwallacea interjectus (Blandford): Greater shothole borer","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"January 3, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Euwallacea interjectus (Blandford): Greater shothole borerPest Rating:\u00a0B download pest rating profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. 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Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "B-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"B-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=670"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":640,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=640","url_meta":{"origin":4395,"position":5},"title":"Euwallacea sp. nr. fornicatus: Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer (PSHB)","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"March 24, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Euwallacea sp. nr. fornicatus: Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer (PSHB) Coleoptera: Curculionidae Pest\u00a0Rating: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: In 2003 ambrosia beetles collected at the Whittier Narrows nature center in Los Angeles County were identified as Euwallacea fornicatus, tea shot hole borer, a new state record.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Coleoptera"","block_context":{"text":"Coleoptera","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=15"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4395","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4395"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4395\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4969,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4395\/revisions\/4969"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4395"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4395"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}