{"id":4382,"date":"2018-01-10T15:36:22","date_gmt":"2018-01-10T23:36:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=4382"},"modified":"2022-04-29T15:48:47","modified_gmt":"2022-04-29T22:48:47","slug":"armored-scale-melanaspis-leivasi-costa-lima-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=4382","title":{"rendered":"Giant Ragweed | Ambrosia trifida L."},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Giant Ragweed | Ambrosia trifida<\/em> L.<\/h5>\n
Family: Asteraceae<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating:<\/strong> B<\/h5>\n
\n

PEST RATING PROFILE<\/strong><\/h3>\n
Initiating Event:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

This plant has been included on the CDFA noxious weed list.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background<\/u>:<\/strong> Giant ragweed is a large (to 2 meters tall), annual herb.\u00a0 The stems have black, longitudinal lines and are covered with hairs.\u00a0 Leaves are palmately 3- to 5-lobed and are sparsely covered with tiny, stiff hairs.\u00a0 Fruits (\u201cburrs\u201d) are 6-12 mm long and are tapered and blunt on one end and widened with 5-8 teeth on the other end.\u00a0\u00a0 Giant ragweed grows best in disturbed areas with moist, fertile soil, and it is an important weed.\u00a0 Ragweed pollen is a major cause of allergies, and the pollen of this species is a known allergen.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u>:<\/strong> Native to eastern North America.\u00a0 Giant ragweed has been introduced to, and is now established in western North America and much of Asia and Europe.<\/p>\n

Official Control<\/u>:<\/strong> Giant ragweed is listed as a noxious weed in at least three states (California, Delaware, and Illinois).<\/p>\n

California Distribution<\/u>:<\/strong> Giant ragweed has been reported in 10 California counties (Contra Costa, Glenn, Orange, Los Angeles, Madera, Monterey, San Diego, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, and Siskiyou).\u00a0 Most of these records are from residential gardens.\u00a0 According to one source, it is not naturalized in California, but occurs as a waif and\/or garden escape.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/u>:<\/strong> Recent collections from 2011 through 2014 originated from gardens or as seed contaminants intercepted at the CA border.\u00a0 It is commonly intercepted in feed seed shipments entering the state.<\/p>\n

The risk giant ragweed would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong> Giant ragweed thrives in temperate climates, and it is already present in ten counties in California. Therefore, it receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

-Low (1)<\/strong> Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

-Medium (2)<\/strong> may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

-High (3)<\/strong> likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/span><\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range:<\/strong> Giant ragweed does not require any one host, but grows wherever ecological conditions are favorable. It receives a High (3)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

-Low (1)<\/strong> has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

-Medium (2)<\/strong> has a moderate host range.<\/p>\n

-High (3)<\/strong> has a wide host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> Most seeds of giant ragweed fall near the parent plant and they are apparently not eaten in large number by wildlife. However the seeds float and are apparently able to be transported readily via water. \u00a0Therefore, it receives a Medium (2)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

-Low (1)<\/strong> does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

-Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

-High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> Giant ragweed is an important weed in crop systems, especially corn and soybean. Infestations could lead to a loss of markets.\u00a0 Giant ragweed has already developed resistance to herbicides, so it could increase production costs.\u00a0 \u00a0Therefore, it receives a High (3)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

Economic Imp<\/b>act: A, B, C<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/span><\/p>\n

B<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/span><\/p>\n

C<\/strong>. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/span><\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

-Low (1)<\/strong> causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

-Medium (2)<\/strong> causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

-High (3)<\/strong> causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> Giant ragweed is able to out-compete other plants in open areas, including crop systems as well as grasslands. It has been scored as a plant with a high risk of invasiveness by the California Invasive Plant Council. \u00a0Giant ragweed is often controlled with herbicides, and it has developed resistance to certain pesticides.\u00a0 It could trigger new treatment programs.\u00a0 Therefore, it receives a High (3)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact: A, D<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A<\/strong>. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/span><\/p>\n

B. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D<\/strong>. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/span><\/p>\n

E. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact\u00a0Score: High (3)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

-Low (1)<\/strong> causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

-Medium (2)<\/strong> causes one of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

-High (3)<\/strong> causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for giant ragweed: High (14)<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n

-Low<\/strong> = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

-Medium<\/strong> = 9-12 points<\/p>\n

-High<\/strong> = 13-15 points<\/span><\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Giant ragweed has been reported in ten California counties, but it seems likely that its distribution within the state could expand further. Therefore, it receives a Medium (-2)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

-Not established (0) <\/strong>Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/p>\n

-Low (-1)<\/strong> Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

-Medium (-2)<\/strong> Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/span><\/p>\n

-High (-3)<\/strong> Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

The final score is the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: Medium (12)<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uncertainty:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

As stated before, giant ragweed has been present in California for at least 80 years.\u00a0 Many of the available records are from residential gardens.\u00a0 It has not, so far, been shown to be a serious problem either agriculturally or environmentally in this state; nevertheless, there is a chance that if it made its way to a new, favorable locality in the state it could behave differently.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Based on the potential economic and environmental impact of this weed, and the fact that it is commonly found on feed mill seed entering the state (and is likely to have further opportunities for establishment without regulation), a \u201cB<\/strong>\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

\n
References:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Bassett, I.J. and C.W. Crompton.\u00a0 1982.\u00a0 The biology of Canadian weeds. 55. Ambrosia trifida<\/em> L.\u00a0 Canadian Journal of Plant Science.\u00a0 62: 1003-1010.<\/p>\n

Bullock, J.M., Chapman, D., Schafer, S., Roy, D., Girardello, M., Haynes, T., Beal, S., Wheeler, B., Dickie, I., Phang, Z., Tinch, R., \u010civi\u0107, K., Delbaere, B., Jones-Walters, L., Hilbert, A., Schrauwen, A., Prank, M., Sofiev, M., Niemel\u00e4, S., R\u00e4is\u00e4nen, P., Lees, B., Skinner, M., Finch, S., and C. Brough.\u00a0 2010.\u00a0 Assessing and controlling the spread and the effects of common ragweed in Europe.\u00a0 Contractor: Natural Environment Research Council, UK.\u00a0 456 pp.<\/p>\n

California Invasive Plant Council.\u00a0http:\/\/cal-ipc.org<\/a><\/p>\n

Consortium of California Herbaria. http:\/\/ucjeps.berkeley.edu\/consortium<\/a><\/p>\n

Encycloweedia.\u00a0https:\/\/www.cdfa.ca.gov\/plant\/IPC\/encycloweedia\/encycloweedia_hp.html<\/a><\/p>\n

Goplen, J.J., Sheaffer, C.C., Becker, R.L., Coulter, J.A., Breitenbach, F.R., Behnken, L.M., Johnson, G.A., and J.L. Gunsolus.\u00a0 2016.\u00a0 Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida<\/em>) seed production and retention in soybean and field margins.\u00a0 Weed Technology.\u00a0 30: 246-253.<\/p>\n

Megyeri, K.\u00a0 2011.\u00a0 The impact of Ambrosia trifida<\/em> (giant ragweed) on native prairie species in an early prairie restoration project.\u00a0 Thesis.\u00a0 University of New Orleans.\u00a0 Accessed from: http:\/\/scholarworks.uno.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=honors_theses<\/a><\/p>\n

Webster, T.M., Loux, M.M., Regnier, E.E., and S.K. Harrison.\u00a0 1994.\u00a0 Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida<\/em>) canopy architecture and interference studies in soybean (Glycine max<\/em>).\u00a0 Weed Technology.\u00a0 8: 559-564<\/p>\n

\n
Author:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Kyle Beucke, 1220 N Street, Room 221, Sacramento, CA, 95814, 916-403-6741, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov<\/p>\n

Responsible Party:<\/h5>\n

Dean G. Kelch, Primary Botanist; California Department of Food and Agriculture; 1220 N Street, Sacramento, CA 95814; Tel. (916) 403-6650;\u00a0\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
*NOTE:<\/span><\/h5>\n

You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. \u00a0If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating:<\/strong> B<\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Giant Ragweed | Ambrosia trifida L. Family: Asteraceae Pest Rating: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: This plant has been included on the CDFA noxious weed list. History & Status: Background: Giant ragweed is a large (to 2 meters tall), annual herb.\u00a0 The stems have black, longitudinal lines and are covered … Continue reading Giant Ragweed | Ambrosia trifida L.<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":325,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7],"tags":[627,626,85],"class_list":["post-4382","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-plants","tag-ambrosia-trifida-l","tag-giant-ragweed","tag-weeds"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-18G","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1958,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1958","url_meta":{"origin":4382,"position":0},"title":"Weeds","author":"Admin","date":"May 13, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 Weeds are simply an unwanted plant in the wrong place, at the right time.\u00a0 The weeds can directly and indirectly impact agricultural crops and are just as costly to the environment as any other unwanted species. 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History & Status: Background: Heracleum mantegazzianum, commonly called giant hogweed or cartwheel flower, is an herbaceous\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Weeds"","block_context":{"text":"Weeds","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=7"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3298,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3298","url_meta":{"origin":4382,"position":2},"title":"Ward’s Weed | Carrichtera annua","author":"Javaid Iqbal","date":"February 1, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Ward's Weed\u00a0 |\u00a0 Carrichtera annua Family: \u00a0Brassicaceae\u00a0 Pest Rating: A \u00a0| \u00a0Proposed\u00a0Seed Rating: R PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Carrichtera annua was introduced in California in the early 2000\u2019s and had no previous pest rating. \u00a0A pest rating proposal is required to determine a permanent rating\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Weeds"","block_context":{"text":"Weeds","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=7"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8208,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=8208","url_meta":{"origin":4382,"position":3},"title":"Cyclorhipidion distinguendum (Eggers): an ambrosia beetle","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"March 16, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Cyclorhipidion distinguendum (Eggers): an ambrosia beetlePest Rating: C download pest rating profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "C-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"C-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=671"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8985,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=8985","url_meta":{"origin":4382,"position":4},"title":"Xyleborus pfeilii (Ratzeburg): an ambrosia beetle","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"September 30, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Xyleborus pfeilii (Ratzeburg): an ambrosia beetlePest Rating: C download pest rating profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. 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