{"id":3783,"date":"2017-06-29T15:41:18","date_gmt":"2017-06-29T22:41:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3783"},"modified":"2024-04-26T10:56:12","modified_gmt":"2024-04-26T17:56:12","slug":"thekopsora-minima-p-syd-syd-1915","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3783","title":{"rendered":"Thekopsora minima P. Syd. & Syd. 1915"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Thekopsora minima<\/em><\/strong> P. Syd. & Syd. 1915 <\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: C<\/strong><\/h5>\n
\n
PEST RATING PROFILE<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Initiating Event:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

On May 2, 2017, a shipment of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum<\/em>) plants showing symptoms of rust were intercepted in San Francisco by San Francisco County Agricultural Officers.\u00a0 The shipment had originated in Oregon and was destined to a wholesale garden store in San Francisco.\u00a0 A sample of symptomatic leaves was collected by the County and sent to the CDFA Plant Pathology Lab for diagnosis.\u00a0 On May 22, 2017, Suzanne Latham, CDFA plant pathologist, identified the fungal pathogen associated with the diseased leaf tissue as Thekopsora minima<\/em>.\u00a0 The pathogen was assigned a temporary Q rating.\u00a0 Subsequently, the consequences of introduction and establishment of T. minima<\/em> in California are assessed and a permanent rating is proposed herein.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background:<\/u>\u00a0<\/strong>Thekopsora minima<\/em> is a fungal pathogen that causes rust disease in blueberries, cranberries, rhododendrons, and other plants in the Ericaceae family.\u00a0 The pathogen completes its life cycle on two different hosts (heteroecious), namely, blueberries and hemlock, and rust disease can lead to extensive defoliation of severely infected plants.<\/p>\n

The blueberry leaf rust pathogen was first recorded as endemic in Northeastern America and Japan.\u00a0 During the past decade, it was introduced on infested Vaccinium corymbosum<\/em> to other countries including South Africa, Mexico, Australia and Colombia (EPPO, 2016). In the USA, it has been reported mainly from northeastern states and, more recently, from the Western Pacific states of Oregon and California (Wiseman et al.,<\/em> 2016; Shands et al<\/em>., 2017).<\/p>\n

Prior to 1993, taxonomically, Thekopsora minima<\/em> was generally accepted as a member of a species complex known as Pucciniastrum vaccinii, <\/em>which was considered the causal agent of blueberry rust.\u00a0 However, Sato et al<\/em>., (1993) identified three distinct rust fungi species on Vaccinium<\/em> spp., of which one of them, namely, T. minina<\/em>, is pathogenic on blueberry, while the other two species, Naohidemyces vaccinii<\/em> (formerly P. vaccinii<\/em>) and N. fujisanensis<\/em>, were not regarded as pathogens of blueberry, although they infected other Vaccinium<\/em> species.\u00a0 Sato et al.,<\/em> (1993) also noted that at that time, T. minima,<\/em> occurred, in eastern North America and Japan.\u00a0 Nevertheless, because of the past taxonomic confusion of the species complex, the true global distribution of T. minima<\/em> may be uncertain as some records attributed to Pucciniastrum vaccinii<\/em> in Argentina, Hawaii (USA), and Spain may be misidentifications of T. minima<\/em> (Schrader & Maier, 2015).\u00a0 Thekopsora minima<\/em> is also known by its synonyms: Peridermium peckii<\/em> Th\u00fcm, 1880, Uredo minima<\/em> Schwein, 1922, and Pucciniastrum minimum<\/em> (Schwein.) Arthur 1906 (Farr & Rossman, 2017).<\/p>\n

In California, Naohidemyces vaccinii<\/em> has been reported on Vaccinium membranaceum<\/em> (thin leaf huckleberry), V. caespitosum<\/em> (dwarf bilberry), V. parvifolium <\/em>(red huckleberry), V. ovatum<\/em> (California huckleberry), and Vaccinium<\/em> sp. (French, 1989). \u00a0However, recent reports from several states in the US (Oregon and Michigan), China, Mexico, and South Africa, have indicated that Thekopsora minima<\/em> is the primary pathogen on northern and southern highbush blueberries (Rebollar-Alviter et al<\/em>., 2011; Shilder & Miles, 2011; Wideman et al<\/em>., 2016; Zheng et al<\/em>., 2017).\u00a0 Rust symptoms have been occasionally observed on various southern highbush blueberry cultivars (Vaccinium corymbosum<\/em>) within California\u2019s central coastal area, with particular incidences noted in Santa Barbara County in 2010 and 2006 (personal communications: Dr. Timothy D. Miles, Assistant Professor of Plant Pathology, California State University Monterey Bay, and Dr. Janet C. Broome, Global Plant Healthy Senior Manager, Driscoll\u2019s, 2017)<\/em>.\u00a0 Rust in blueberry was also observed in Ventura County, and has most likely been in the State since the early 2000s (personal communication: Dr. Janet C. Broome, Driscoll\u2019s, 2017)<\/em>. In 2016-2017, rust symptoms, observed on several blueberry plants and cultivars in a field trials in Watsonville, Santa Cruz County, were confirmed by molecular sequencing to be caused by T. minima<\/em> and marked a first published report of this pathogen in California (Shands, et al<\/em>., 2017).\u00a0 On August 9, 2017, in order to officially substantiate the presence of blueberry rust in California, official samples of symptomatic blueberry plant tissue were collected from infected plants in Santa Cruz and Ventura Counties, by the respective County Agricultural officials and submitted to the CDFA Plant Pathology Laboratory for identification of the associated pathogen.\u00a0 Following morphological and molecular sequence analysis, Cheryl Blomquist, CDFA plant pathologist, confirmed the pathogen to be T. minima<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Disease development<\/u>:\u00a0<\/strong>Teliospores of T. minima<\/em> hibernate on blueberry leaves on the ground and after germination in late spring, infest the alternate host, Tsuga<\/em> spp., via basidiospores.\u00a0 Aeciospores are produced and infest Vaccinium<\/em> and other Ericaceae host plants resulting in the production of urediniospores.\u00a0 The latter ensure disease spread within the crop during the entire growing season.\u00a0 Furthermore, it has been shown that other closely related blueberry rust species are capable of surviving as mycelium in plant buds and directly producing urediniospores in spring, thereby eliminating the need of the alternate host (EPPO, 2016).\u00a0 It is not known if this is the case for T. minima <\/em>in California where two native host species, Tsuga heterophylla<\/em> and T. mertensiana <\/em>can serve as alternate hosts for the pathogen to complete its lifecycle.\u00a0 These two species are also native to the Pacific western states although the fungus has not been recovered from Tsuga<\/em> (Wiseman et al<\/em>., 2016; Shands, et al.,<\/em> 2017).\u00a0 The other two hemlocks that are alternate hosts, T. canadensis <\/em>and T. diversifolia<\/em>, are not generally cultivated in California but may be present in small areas of private production and nurseries.\u00a0 Pfister et al.,<\/em> 2004, experimentally determined the predicted optimum temperature for urediniospores to be 19.5\u00b0C, with a 5% variation in uredinia production between 17.5 and 22\u00b0C.<\/p>\n

Dispersal and spread:\u00a0<\/em>Spores of Thekospora minima<\/em> are spread over short distances to nearby plants by wind and rain. Spores may also be spread by human contact, clothing, equipment and packaging.\u00a0 Long distance spread occurs mainly through passage of infected plants including fruit to non-infected regions (EPPO, 2016, Tasmania, 2014).<\/p>\n

Hosts:\u00a0<\/em>The uredinial and telial stages of the pathogen are found on the main hosts in Vaccinium<\/em> spp., namely, V<\/em>. angustifolium<\/em> var. laevifolium <\/em>(lowbush blueberry), V. corymbosum<\/em> (highbush blueberry), V. membranaceum<\/em> (deciduous huckleberry) and V. erythrocarpum<\/em> (southern mountain cranberry) in the family Ericaceae.\u00a0 Other hosts belong to different genera in the same family: Azalea<\/em> sp., A. pontica<\/em> var. daviesii<\/em>, Gaylussacia<\/em> sp., G. baccata<\/em> (black huckleberry), Leucothoe <\/em>sp.<\/em>, Lyonia nezikii<\/em>, L. ovalifolia<\/em> var. elliptica<\/em>, Menziesia<\/em> sp., Pernettya<\/em> sp., Pieris<\/em> sp., Rhododendron nudiflorum<\/em>, R. ponticum<\/em>, and Rhodora canadensis<\/em>.\u00a0 The aecial stage of the pathogen is found on the alternate host, Tsuga<\/em> spp., (hemlock; Pinaceae), T. canadensis <\/em>(eastern hemlock), T. diversifolia<\/em> (Japanese hemlock), T. heterophylla<\/em> (western hemlock), T. mertensiana<\/em> (mountain hemlock) (EPPO, 2016; Farr & Rossman, 2017; Wiseman et al<\/em>., 2016).<\/p>\n

Symptoms<\/em>: Initial symptoms appear as small yellow, chlorotic leaf spots on upper surfaces of young leaves. As infection progresses these lesions turn rust or brown-colored, enlarge and coalesce covering large areas of a leaf.\u00a0 On the underside of leaves, small flecks surrounded by water-soaked halos develop turning into yellow-orange, powdery pustules containing uredinia with urediniospores.\u00a0 Pustules may also develop on blueberry fruit.\u00a0 In severe infections premature leaf drop and plant defoliation can occur and result in decline in fruit yield and flower production (EPPO, 2016).<\/p>\n

Damage Potential:\u00a0<\/em>Blueberry rust disease caused by Thekopsora minima<\/em> may result in plant defoliation and decline in fruit and flower production.\u00a0 Generally, under conditions of high humidity required for rust fungi infection, significant losses in blueberry production and other Ericaceae host plants can be expected. However, in California, such high humidity climates are not anticipated in blueberry cultivated regions and T. minima<\/em> has not caused significant rust disease in blueberry, even though it has been in the State for over 17 years ((personal communication: Dr. Janet C. Broome, Driscoll\u2019s, 2017)<\/em>. \u00a0Infected plants do not suffer from leaf drop, which is generally associated with the rust, and the pathogen has not been an issue of concern for blueberry growers to warrant administration of control measures.\u00a0 Some rust disease is apparent on leaves from early spring into summer following periods of significant rain, however, it is difficult to find infected plants later in the season (personal communications: Dr. Janet C. Broome, Driscoll\u2019s, 2017 and Dr. Timothy D. Miles, CSUMB).\u00a0 <\/em>Similarly, economic damage to other environmental host plants is expected to be minimal as the pathogen has already been in California for several years without any significant increase of its impact.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u>:\u00a0<\/strong>Asia<\/em>: China, Japan; Africa<\/em>:\u00a0 South Africa; Europe<\/em>: Netherlands (restricted distribution), Portugal (present, few occurrences); North America<\/em>: Canada, Mexico, USA; South America<\/em>: Colombia; Oceania<\/em>: Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria) (EPPO, 2016, 2017; Mostert et al<\/em>., 2010; Zheng et al<\/em>., 2017).<\/p>\n

In Europe, the pathogen is currently regarded as \u201cTransient, under eradication\u201d in Belgium and Germany (EPPO, 2017).\u00a0 In the USA, it has been reported from Delaware, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York and Oregon (EPPO, 2017; Sato et al<\/em>., 1993; Schilder & Miles, 2011; Wiseman et al<\/em>., 2016).<\/p>\n

Official Control<\/u>:\u00a0<\/strong>Thekopsora minima<\/em> has been on the EPPO Alert List for the European Union since 2016 (EPPO, 2017).\u00a0 Presently, Thekoposora minima<\/em> is on the \u2018Harmful Organism List\u201d for Peru (USDA PCIT, 2017).<\/p>\n

California Distribution<\/u>:<\/strong>\u00a0Thekopsora minima<\/em> has officially been detected in Santa Cruz and Ventura Counties.\u00a0 The pathogen has also been reported from Santa Barbara County (Shands et al.,<\/em> 2017).<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/u>: <\/strong>Thekopsora minima<\/em> has only been detected once in a shipment of blueberry plants intercepted in San Francisco in 2017 (see<\/em> \u201cInitiating Event\u201d).<\/p>\n

The risk Thekopsora minima<\/em> would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:\u00a0 <\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction: <\/strong>Main hosts of Thekopsora minima<\/em> are in the family Ericaceae and include blueberries, rhododendrons and azaleas.\u00a0 Blueberries are grown in northern coastal and southern coastal regions and in the San Joaquin Valley.\u00a0 Rhododendrons, azaleas and other horticultural hosts are grown throughout California particularly in coastal climates.\u00a0 However, because T. minima<\/em> requires high humidity for infection and development in order to cause significant disease, it would only be likely to establish in very limited areas of the State.\u00a0 The pathogen is already established in several coastal areas, for the past several years, and rust disease appears typically only during early spring to summer following significantly wet periods.<\/p>\n

Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California.<\/p>\n

Score: 1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Medium (2) may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

– High (3) likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range:<\/strong> Thekopsora minima<\/em> has a moderate host range.\u00a0 Main hosts of the pathogen are in the family Ericaceae and include blueberries, rhododendrons, and azaleas.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the host range of the pest.<\/p>\n

Score:<\/strong> 2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

– Low (1) has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has a moderate host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

– High (3) has a wide host range.<\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> Urediniospores are produced in abundance and ensure disease spread within the crop during the entire growing season. Spores are spread over short distances to nearby plants by wind and rain and may also be spread by human contact, clothing, equipment and packaging.\u00a0 Long distance spread occurs mainly through passage of infected plants including fruit to non-infected regions.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the natural and artificial dispersal potential of the pest.<\/p>\n

Score:<\/strong> 3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

– Low (1) does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2) has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:\u00a0<\/strong>While blueberry rust disease has been reported to cause plant defoliation, this has not been the case in California, even though the fungus has been present in the State for several years. Blueberry growers have noted that some rust disease is apparent on blueberry leaves from early spring into summer following periods of significant rain, however, it is difficult to find infected plants later in the season. \u00a0Infected plants do not suffer from leaf drop, which is generally associated with the rust, and the pathogen has not been an issue of concern for blueberry growers to warrant administration of control measures.\u00a0 No yield loss due to this rust pathogen in California has been observed or reported (see; \u2018Damage Potential\u2019).<\/em><\/p>\n

Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact:<\/strong> None<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

A. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/p>\n

B. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/p>\n

C. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score<\/strong>: 1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Medium (2) causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– High (3) causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact: <\/strong>Although, horticultural and environmental plants, such as azaleas and rhododendrons, are hosts of Thekopsora minima<\/em> (see: \u2018Hosts\u2019<\/em>), the pathogen has not increased in its spread or impact in cultivated communities over the past several years of its presence in California.\u00a0 Therefore, no significant impact on the environment or home\/ornamental plantings is expected.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact: \u00a0None<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/p>\n

E. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact Score: 1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes none of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Medium (2) causes one of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– High (3) causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Thekopsora minima<\/em>:<\/strong> Low (8)<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

–Low<\/strong> = 5-8 points<\/span><\/p>\n

-Medium = 9-12 points<\/p>\n

-High = 13-15 points<\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information<\/strong>: \u00a0Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included.<\/p>\n

Evaluation is Low<\/span>.\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong>Thekopsora minima<\/em> has officially been detected only in few coastal counties in California.<\/p>\n

Score:<\/strong> (-1)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

-Not established (0) Pest never detected in California<\/u>, or known only from incursions.<\/p>\n

–Low (-1)<\/strong> Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/span><\/p>\n

-Medium (-2) Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

-High (-3) Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

7) The final score is<\/strong> the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: (Score)<\/p>\n

Final Score: <\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Score of Consequences of Introduction \u2013 Score of Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information = <\/strong><\/span><\/em>7<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncertainty: \u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

It is not known if the pathogen will infect hemlock (Tsuga<\/em> spp.) in California, to complete its life cycle.\u00a0 The pathogen was not recovered from hemlock in California and Oregon (Pacific coastal regions).\u00a0 Hemlock species are widespread in California.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Based on the evidence provided above the proposed rating for Thekopsora minima <\/em>is C.<\/strong><\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Calflora<\/a>.\u00a0 2017. \u00a0Information on California plants for education, research and conservation. [web application]. 2017. Berkeley, California. The Calflora Database [a non-profit organization]. \u00a0http:\/\/www.calflora.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n

E<\/strong>PPO.\u00a0 2017.\u00a0 Thekopsora minima<\/em> (THEKMI).\u00a0 EPPO Global Database (last updated: 2017-05-19).\u00a0 https:\/\/gd.eppo.int\/taxon\/THEKMI\/distribution<\/a>.<\/p>\n

French, A.M.<\/strong> 1989. California Plant Disease Host Index. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento (Updated online version by T. Tidwell, May 2, 2017).<\/p>\n

M<\/strong>ostert L., W. Bester, T. Jensen, S. Coertze, A. van Hoorn, J. Le Roux, E. Retief, A. Wood, and M C. Aime.\u00a0 2010.\u00a0 First report of leaf rust of blueberry caused by Thekopsora minima<\/em> on Vaccinium corymbosum<\/em> in the Western Cape, South Africa.\u00a0 Plant Disease 95: 478.<\/p>\n

P<\/strong>fister, S. E., S. Halik, and D. R. Bergdahl.\u00a0 2004.\u00a0 Effect of temperature on Thekopsora minima urediniospores and uredinia.\u00a0 Plant disease, 88: 359-362.<\/p>\n

Rebollar-Alviter, A., A. M. Minnis, L. J. Dixon, L. A. Castlebury, M. R. Ramirez-Mendoza, H. V. Silva-Rojas, and G. Valdovinos-Ponce.<\/strong> \u00a02011. \u00a0First report of leaf rust of blueberry caused by Thekopsora minima<\/em><\/strong> in Mexico. Plant Disease 95: 772.<\/p>\n

S<\/strong>ato, S., K. Katsuya, and Y. Hiratsuka.\u00a0 1993.\u00a0 Morphology, taxonomy and nomenclature of Tsuga-Ericaceae rusts.\u00a0 Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan 34: 47-62.<\/p>\n

S<\/strong>childer, A. M. C., and T. D. Miles.\u00a0 2011.\u00a0 First report of blueberry leaf rust caused by Thekopsora minima<\/em> on Vaccinium corymbosum<\/em> in Michigan.\u00a0 Plant Disease, 95: 768.\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1094\/PDIS-12-10-0884<\/a>.<\/p>\n

S<\/strong>chrader, G., and W. Maier.\u00a0 2015.\u00a0 Express \u2013 PRA for Thekopsora minima<\/em> occurrence. Julius K\u00fchn-Institute, Institute for Plant Health. \u00a0Translated by Elke Vogt-Amdt.\u00a0 http:\/\/pflanzengesundheit.jki.bund.de\/dokumente\/upload\/fee0d_thekopsora-minima_express-pra.pd<\/a>f<\/p>\n

S<\/strong>hands, A. C., T. Ho, and T. D. Miles.\u00a0 2017.\u00a0 First report of leaf rust on southern highbush blueberry caused by Thekopsora minima<\/em> in California.\u00a0 Plant Disease (Accepted for publication)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

T<\/strong>asmania.\u00a0 2014.\u00a0 Blueberry rust (Thekopsora minima<\/em> P. Syd & Syd).\u00a0 Biosecurity Tasmania Fact Sheet, current as at October 2014. http:\/\/www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au\/biosecurity\/plant-biosecurity\/pests-and-diseases<\/a>.<\/p>\n

U<\/strong>SDA PCIT.\u00a0 2017.\u00a0 USDA Phytosanitary Certificate Issuance & Tracking System. Retrieved May 31, 2017. 6:30:49 pm CDT.\u00a0 https:\/\/pcit.aphis.usda.gov\/PExD\/faces\/ReportHarmOrgs.jsp<\/a>.<\/p>\n

W<\/strong>iseman, M. S., M. I. Gordon, M. L. Putnam. \u00a02016.\u00a0 First report of leaf rust caused by Thekopsora minima<\/em> on Northern highbush blueberry in Oregon. Plant Disease 100: 1949.<\/p>\n

Zheng, X., G. Tang, Y. Tian, X. Huang, X. Chang, H. Chen, H. Yang, S. Zhang, and G. Gong.<\/strong> \u00a02017. \u00a0First report of leaf rust of blueberry caused by Thekopsora minima<\/em><\/strong> in China. Plant Disease 101: 835.\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1094\/PDIS-09-16-1379-PDN<\/a><\/p>\n

\n
Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

John J. Chitambar, Primary Plant Pathologist\/Nematologist, California Department of Food and Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832. Phone: 916-262-1110, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
NOTE:<\/span><\/h5>\n

You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. \u00a0If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: C<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Thekopsora minima P. Syd. & Syd. 1915 Pest Rating: C PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: On May 2, 2017, a shipment of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) plants showing symptoms of rust were intercepted in San Francisco by San Francisco County Agricultural Officers.\u00a0 The shipment had originated in Oregon and was destined to … Continue reading Thekopsora minima P. Syd. & Syd. 1915<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1117,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[8,4],"tags":[156,573],"class_list":["post-3783","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fungi","category-plant-pathology","tag-fungus","tag-thekopsora-minima"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-Z1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":6629,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=6629","url_meta":{"origin":3783,"position":0},"title":"Puccinia modiolae P. Syd. & Syd. 1903","author":"Heather.Martin","date":"November 20, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Proposal for Puccinia modiolae P. Syd. & Syd. 1903 Current Rating: Q Proposed Rating: C Comment Period: CLOSED download pest rating proposal *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "C-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"C-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=671"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6955,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=6955","url_meta":{"origin":3783,"position":1},"title":"coniella granati (sacc.) Petr. & Syd. 1927 [1926] pomegranate stem canker and fruit rot","author":"Heather.Martin","date":"March 16, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Coniella granati (Sacc.) 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