{"id":3781,"date":"2017-06-29T15:23:53","date_gmt":"2017-06-29T22:23:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3781"},"modified":"2024-04-26T10:56:25","modified_gmt":"2024-04-26T17:56:25","slug":"ramularia-salviicola-tharp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3781","title":{"rendered":"Ramularia salviicola Tharp"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating \u00a0for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Ramularia salviicola <\/em><\/strong>Tharp<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: C<\/strong><\/h5>\n
\n
PEST RATING PROFILE<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Initiating Event:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

On April 14, 2017, sage (Salvia<\/em> sp.) plants showing symptoms of leaf spots were detected in a nursery in San Luis Obispo County by County Agricultural officials.\u00a0 A sample of diseased leaves was sent to the CDFA Plant Pathology Laboratory for diagnosis.\u00a0 On April 24, 2017, Suzanne Latham, CDFA plant pathologist, identified the fungal pathogen, Ramularia salviicola<\/em> associated with the diseased leaf tissue.\u00a0 The pathogen was assigned a temporary Z rating as it has been recorded earlier in California, but never assigned a rating.\u00a0 Subsequently, the consequences of introduction and establishment of R. salviicola<\/em> in California are assessed and a permanent rating is proposed herein.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background:<\/u> \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0Ramularia salviicola<\/em> is a fungal pathogen that causes leaf spot disease in host plants.\u00a0 This pathogen was first discovered on Salvia farinacea<\/em> in Austin Texas (Tharp, 1915).\u00a0\u00a0 Since then, it has only been reported from California on black sage, hummingbird sage and an unknown sage species (French, 1989).<\/p>\n

Hosts:<\/em> \u00a0Ramularia salviicola<\/em> is only known to infect Salvia<\/em> spp. (sage) in the family Lamiaceae: Salvia farinacea <\/em>(mealycup sage), S. mellifera<\/em> (black sage), Salvia<\/em> sp. (sage), S. spathacea<\/em> (hummingbird sage) (Braun, 1998; Farr & Rossman, 2017).<\/p>\n

Symptoms<\/em>: \u00a0Leaf spots are produced on both sides of living leaves.\u00a0 Spots are subcircular to irregular, 1-10 mm in diameter, occasionally coalescing, brown with indefinite margin or with a diffuse yellowish halo, and sometimes divide into zones (Braun, 1998).<\/p>\n

Disease development and spread<\/u>:<\/strong> While there is a paucity of information reported on the specific biology of Ramularia salviicola, <\/em>it is likely to be similar to that of other species within the genus.\u00a0 Clusters of conidiophores arise from leaf lesions (spots) producing conidia (asexual spores) on living leaves.\u00a0 Conidia are airborne and are spread accordingly to nearby plants.\u00a0 It is also likely that, similar to other Ramularia<\/em> species causing leaf spot disease, R. salviicola<\/em> is transmitted as mycelium within the integument of seed and by movement of infested soil (Daughtrey et al<\/em>., 1995),<\/p>\n

Dispersal and spread:<\/em> Infected plants and nursery stock, seeds, airborne conidia (Daughtrey et al<\/em>., 1995).<\/p>\n

Damage Potential: <\/em>Quantitative losses due to Ramularia salviicola<\/em> have not been reported.\u00a0 Reduction in photosynthetic area due to leaf spotting can be expected as well as leaf wilt, premature leaf drop, and reduced tree vigor may result. \u00a0Leaf spot damage caused by R. salviicola<\/em> may significantly impact commercial production and marketing of nursery ornamental plants, as well as private productions.\u00a0 Black sage and hummingbird sage are perennial shrubs that are native to California and confined mainly to the southern and central coastal counties (Calflora, 2017).\u00a0 Several other species of Salvia<\/em> are also cultivated throughout California, but have not yet been reported as hosts of the pathogen.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u>:<\/strong> North America: USA (California, Texas) (Braun, 1998; Farr & Rossman, 2017).<\/p>\n

Official Control<\/u>:<\/strong> \u00a0No official control for Ramularia salviicola<\/em> has been reported.<\/p>\n

California Distribution<\/u>:<\/strong> \u00a0Southern coastal counties including, San Luis Obispo County.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/u>: \u00a0<\/strong>None.<\/p>\n

The risk Ramularia salviicola<\/em> would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:\u00a0 <\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction: <\/strong>In California, Ramularia salviicola<\/em> has already become established in southern coastal regions where its hosts, black sage and hummingbird sage, are mainly cultivated. While the pathogen has not been reported from other regions it is likely to establish a larger but limited part of the State.<\/p>\n

Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California.<\/p>\n

Score: 2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1) Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/span><\/p>\n

– High (3) likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range:<\/strong> The pathogen has only been found on Salvia<\/em><\/p>\n

Evaluate the host range of the pest.<\/p>\n

Score: 1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> has a very limited host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Medium (2) has a moderate host range.<\/p>\n

– High (3) has a wide host range.<\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential: <\/strong>Ramularia salviicola<\/em> has high reproductive and dispersal potential. The pathogen is likely to be transmitted through movement of infected plants and nursery stock, integuments of seed and airborne conidia.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the natural and artificial dispersal potential of the pest.<\/p>\n

Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1) does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2) has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact: <\/strong>Ramularia salviicola <\/em>causes leaf spot in sage plants.\u00a0 While there is no information on quantitative crop loss caused by this pathogen, leaf spot disease could lower crop value and cause loss of markets.\u00a0 Use of preventive chemical sprays and other control measures could increase production costs.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact: B, C<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/p>\n

B<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/span><\/p>\n

C<\/strong>. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/span><\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score<\/strong>: \u00a02<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

– Low (1) causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes 2 of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

– High (3) causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact: <\/strong>\u00a0The pathogen could significantly impact ornamental plantings in home\/ urban, public gardens and other recreational environments.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact: E<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/p>\n

E<\/strong>. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/span><\/p>\n

Environmental Impact Score: 2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1) causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes one of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

– High (3) causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Ramularia salviicola:<\/em><\/strong> \u00a0Medium (10)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

-Low = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

–Medium<\/strong> = 9-12 points<\/span><\/p>\n

-High = 13-15 points<\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information<\/strong>: Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included.<\/p>\n

Evaluation is High (-3)<\/span><\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Score: -1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

-Not established (0) Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/p>\n

–Low (-1)<\/strong> Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/span><\/p>\n

-Medium (-2) Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

-High (-3) Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

7) The final score is<\/strong> the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: (Score)<\/p>\n

Final Score: <\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Score of Consequences of Introduction \u2013 Score of Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information = <\/strong><\/span><\/em>7<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncertainty: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

None.<\/em><\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Based on the evidence provided above the proposed rating for Ramularia salviicola<\/em> is C.<\/strong><\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Braun, U.<\/strong> 1998. A Monograph of Cercosporella<\/em><\/strong>, Ramularia<\/em><\/strong> and Allied Genera (Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes) Vol. 2.\u00a0 IHW-Verlag 2: 439.<\/p>\n

C<\/strong>alflora<\/a>.\u00a0 2017.\u00a0 Information on California plants for education, research and conservation. [web application]. 2017. Berkeley, California. The Calflora Database [a non-profit organization]. \u00a0http:\/\/www.calflora.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n

D<\/strong>aughtery, M. L., R. L. Wick, and J. L. Peterson.\u00a0 1995.\u00a0 Cyclamen stunt and Ramularia leaf spot of Cyclamen and Primula.\u00a0 In<\/em> Compendium of Flowering Potted Plant Diseases.\u00a0 APS Press, The American Phytopathological Society.\u00a0 Page 20.<\/p>\n

F<\/strong>arr, D. F., and A. Y. Rossman.\u00a0 2017.\u00a0 Fungal Databases, U. S. National Fungus Collections, ARS, USDA. Retrieved June 5, 2017, from http:\/\/nt.ars-grin.gov\/fungaldatabases\/<\/a><\/p>\n

French, A.M.<\/strong> 1989. California Plant Disease Host Index. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento (Updated online version by T. Tidwell, May 2, 2017).<\/p>\n

\n
Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

John J. Chitambar, Primary Plant Pathologist\/Nematologist, California Department of Food and Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832. Phone: 916-262-1110, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
NOTE:<\/h5>\n

You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. \u00a0If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at\u00a0plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

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\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: C<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating \u00a0for Ramularia salviicola Tharp Pest Rating: C PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: On April 14, 2017, sage (Salvia sp.) plants showing symptoms of leaf spots were detected in a nursery in San Luis Obispo County by County Agricultural officials.\u00a0 A sample of diseased leaves was sent to the CDFA Plant Pathology Laboratory … Continue reading Ramularia salviicola Tharp<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1117,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[8,4],"tags":[156,572],"class_list":["post-3781","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fungi","category-plant-pathology","tag-fungus","tag-ramularia-salviicola"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":false,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-YZ","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":4257,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=4257","url_meta":{"origin":3781,"position":0},"title":"Colletotrichum aracearum","author":"Admin","date":"November 29, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Colletotrichum aracearum L. 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