{"id":3737,"date":"2017-06-14T12:25:17","date_gmt":"2017-06-14T19:25:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3737"},"modified":"2022-05-16T11:32:25","modified_gmt":"2022-05-16T18:32:25","slug":"operophtera-brumata-l-winter-moth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3737","title":{"rendered":"Operophtera brumata (L.) | Winter Moth"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Operophtera brumata<\/em><\/strong> (L.):\u00a0 Winter Moth<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Lepidoptera:\u00a0 Geometridae<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: \u00a0A<\/strong><\/h5>\n
\n
PEST RATING PROFILE<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

In January 2013 USDA announced that Operophtera brumata<\/em>, winter moth, was under consideration for deregulation at our ports.\u00a0 Stephen Brown (CDFA) recommended a rating proposal for the moth.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background<\/u>:<\/strong>\u00a0 Winter moth is an invasive, polyphagous moth that feeds on flower and leaf buds and expanding leaf clusters of more than 160 species of trees and shrubs from 14 plant families3<\/sup>.\u00a0 In Oregon, adult moths emerge from pupae in soil from early November through December1<\/sup>.\u00a0 Females are unable to fly.\u00a0 They climb trees, mate, and lay eggs in bark crevice.\u00a0 Eggs hatch mid-March. First (1st<\/sup>) instar larvae may balloon by wind; closely related species have been documented dispersing 850m2<\/sup>.\u00a0 By May larvae have completed development.\u00a0 They then drop from trees and pupate 1-12 cm below the soil surface3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u>:<\/strong> Operophtera brumata<\/em> is native to Palearctic region.\u00a0 It was first detected in North America in Nova Scotia in 1949, but is believed to have been introduced before 19351<\/sup>.\u00a0 It was found in British Columbia in 1976 and Oregon in 1978.\u00a0 However, museum specimens from a natural history museum indicate that the moth was present in Oregon in 1958, but misidentified as the native moth Operophtera occidentalis<\/em>.\u00a0 Recently, winter moth has invaded Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and New York (Long Island).4<\/sup><\/p>\n

Official Control<\/u>:<\/strong> United States Department of Agriculture has listed Operophtera brumata<\/em> as an actionable pest.\u00a0 It is unknown if winter moth is under official control anywhere else.<\/p>\n

California Distribution<\/u>:<\/strong> \u00a0Operophtera brumata<\/em> has never been found in California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/u>:\u00a0<\/strong> Operophtera brumata<\/em> has never been intercepted in California.<\/p>\n

This risk winter moth would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:\u00a0 <\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong> Operophtera brumata<\/em> is highly polyphagous and can be expected to find a plethora of suitable hosts in California. Temperatures above 27\u02daC (80.6\u02daF) are reportedly lethal to eggs6<\/sup>; therefore, winter moth may not be able to establish in portions of southern California where temperatures are warm between January and March.\u00a0 Winter moth is expected to establish a widespread distribution in the cooler parts of California.\u00a0 Winter moth receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California.\u00a0 Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/span><\/p>\n

2) Pest Host Range:<\/strong> Operophtera brumata<\/em> feeds on more than 160 species of trees and shrubs from 14 plant families.\u00a0 The moth receives a High(3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the host range of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has a moderate host range.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has a wide host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> While adult winter moths have limited natural dispersal capabilities given their flightless females, wind-aided larval dispersal by ballooning is a valid concern. \u00a0Furthermore, the moth may be moved long distances through trade in nursery stock. \u00a0Female winter moths lay 150-350 eggs. \u00a0Operophtera brumata<\/em> receives a Medium(2)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the natural and artificial dispersal potential of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> Winter moth is considered a major pest of blueberries (an $82 million industry in California) and deciduous trees in Washington.\u00a0 Hosts also include a number of other economically important crops, including almond5 <\/sup>($3.9 billion), raspberries ($223 million), cherry5,7<\/sup> ($197 million), pears ($98 million), and apple ($58 million).\u00a0 Operophtera brumata<\/em> has the potential to impact crops by consuming flower buds and defoliating trees, reducing crop yield.\u00a0 The moth may also trigger additional treatment programs during prebloom and bloom stages, increasing crop production costs.\u00a0 Chemical treatments during bloom have the potential to disrupt pollination services, negatively changing normal cultural practices.\u00a0 The moth is therefore expected to have a significant economic impact on California.\u00a0 Winter moth receives a High(3)<\/strong><\/span> rating in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the criteria below. Score:<\/p>\n

Economic Impact: A, B, D<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/span><\/p>\n

B<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/span><\/p>\n

C. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/p>\n

D<\/strong>. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/span><\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> \u00a0As Operophtera brumata<\/em> invades new areas, it can cause widespread defoliation4<\/sup>.\u00a0 Forest trees can be defoliated and forced to grow a second set of flush.\u00a0 When combined with other stressors, such as drought, this can kill trees.\u00a0 Rosa<\/em> is listed as a host of winter moth and small-leaved rose (Rosa minutifolia<\/em>) is listed as an endangered species by the state of California.\u00a0 However, winter moth is not expected to establish in warmer parts of the state where small-leaved rose is found.\u00a0 Winter moth may also impact home\/urban gardening and ornamental plantings by defoliating trees, reducing fruit yields, or triggering additional treatments by residents.\u00a0 O. brumata<\/em> receives a High(3)<\/strong><\/span> rating in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below. Score:<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact: \u00a0A, D, E<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A<\/strong>. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/span><\/p>\n

B. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D<\/strong>. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/span><\/p>\n

E<\/strong>. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/span><\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes one of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Winter Moth:<\/strong>\u00a0 High (14)<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

–Low<\/strong> = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

–Medium<\/strong> = 9-12 points<\/p>\n

–High<\/strong> = 13-15 points<\/span><\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Operophtera brumata<\/em> has never been collected in California.\u00a0 Winter moth therefore receives a Not established (0)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and backed up by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included.<\/p>\n

–Not established (0)<\/strong> Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

–Low (-1)<\/strong> Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one ecoarea (region).<\/p>\n

–Medium (-2)<\/strong> Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous ecoareas.<\/p>\n

–High (-3)<\/strong> Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous ecoareas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

The final score is the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: \u00a0High (14)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncertainty: \u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

The parasitoids Cyzenis albican<\/em> (Diptera: Tachinidae) and Agrypon flaveolatum<\/em> (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) have been introduced to the United States and Canada as biological control agents to control winter moth populations.\u00a0 In most areas they have been successful at limiting damage from the moth.\u00a0 However, winter moth populations sometimes continue to reach outbreak levels after parasitoids are introduced3<\/sup>.\u00a0 It is not certain if the parasitoids would be successful in California, or if resources would be available for mass-rearing programs.\u00a0 It is also uncertain if O. brumata<\/em> populations would be controlled by existing IPM programs in some agricultural ecosystems, mitigating economic damage.\u00a0 Also, since there have been no recent surveys, it is possible that winter moth might be established in limited areas of the state and unnoticed.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Winter moth (Operophtera brumata<\/em>) has potential to cause significant economic and environmental damage to California.\u00a0 An \u2018A\u2019 rating is justified.<\/p>\n

References: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

1<\/sup><\/strong>Kimberling, D.N., J.C. Miller, and R.L. Penrose.\u00a0 1986.\u00a0 Distribution and parasitism of winter moth, Operophtera brumata<\/em> (Lepitoptera: Geometridae), in western Oregon.\u00a0 Environmental Entomology 15: 1042-1046.<\/p>\n

2<\/sup>Brown, C.E.\u00a0 1962.\u00a0 The life history and dispersal of the bruce spanworm, Operophtera bruceata<\/em> (Hulst.), Lepidoptera: Geometridae.\u00a0 Can. Ent. 94:1103-1107.<\/p>\n

3<\/sup>Horgan, F.G., J.H. Myers, and R. Van Meel. 1999.\u00a0 Cyzenis albicans<\/em> (Diptera: Tachinidae) does not prevent the outbreak of winter moth (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in birch stands and blueberry plots on the lower mainland of British Columbia.\u00a0 Environ. Entomol. 28(1): 96-107.\u00a0 https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ee\/article-abstract\/28\/1\/96\/502294\/Cyzenis-albicans-Diptera-Tachinidae-Does-Not?redirectedFrom=PDF<\/a><\/p>\n

4<\/sup><\/strong>Elkinton, J.S., G.H. Boettner, M. Sremac, R. Cwiazdowski, R.R. Hunkins, J. Callahan, S.B. Schuefele, C.P. Donahue, A.H. Porter, A. Khrimian, B.M. Whited, and N.K. Campbell.\u00a0 2010.\u00a0 Survey for winter moth (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in northeastern North America with pheromone-baited traps and hybridization with the native bruce spanworm (Lepidoptera: Geometridae).\u00a0 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 103(2): 135-145.<\/p>\n

5<\/sup><\/strong>Rajaei, H., M. Abaii, and A. Hausmann.\u00a0 2010.\u00a0 First record of the winter moth Operophtera brumata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in northern Iran.\u00a0 Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 6(2):63-68.\u00a0 https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0ahUKEwjWgbGU3qnUAhUJxmMKHXHrA2IQFgg9MAQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijab.um.ac.ir%2Findex.php%2Fbiosys%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F25213%2F4299&usg=AFQjCNGYV9wmYICCMDmP4ftvpf2sKx6plw&cad=rja<\/a><\/p>\n

6<\/sup><\/strong>Embree, D.G. 1970.\u00a0 The diurnal and seasonal pattern of hatching winter moth eggs, Operophtera brumata<\/em> (Geometridae: Lepidoptera). Can. Ent. 102(6): 759-768.\u00a0 http:\/\/journals.cambridge.org\/action\/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8557345<\/a><\/p>\n

7<\/sup><\/strong>San, N.V. and K. Spitzer.\u00a0 1993.\u00a0 Isolated populations of the winter moth, Operophtera brumata<\/em> (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), their heavy metal content and parasitism.\u00a0 Eur. J. Entomol. 90: 311-321.\u00a0 http:\/\/www.eje.cz\/pdfarticles\/473\/eje_090_3_311_VanSanSpit.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

\n
Responsible Party:<\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 1220 N Street, Sacramento, CA, 95814, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: \u00a0A<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Operophtera brumata (L.):\u00a0 Winter Moth Lepidoptera:\u00a0 Geometridae Pest Rating: \u00a0A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: In January 2013 USDA announced that Operophtera brumata, winter moth, was under consideration for deregulation at our ports.\u00a0 Stephen Brown (CDFA) recommended a rating proposal for the moth. History & Status: Background:\u00a0 Winter moth is an … Continue reading Operophtera brumata (L.) | Winter Moth<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[5,23],"tags":[567,52,287,566,565],"class_list":["post-3737","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-entomology","category-lepidoptera","tag-geometridae","tag-insects-and-mites","tag-lepidoptera","tag-operophtera-brumata","tag-winter-moth"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-Yh","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":6473,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=6473","url_meta":{"origin":3737,"position":0},"title":"Arcola malloi (Pastrana): Alligatorweed stem borer moth","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"September 27, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Arcola malloi (Pastrana): Alligatorweed stem borer moth Lepidoptera: PyralidaePest Rating: D download pest rating *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. 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Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "C-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"C-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=671"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8885,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=8885","url_meta":{"origin":3737,"position":2},"title":"Cydalima perspectalis (Walker): box tree moth","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"September 7, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Cydalima perspectalis (Walker): box tree mothPest Rating: A download pest rating *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":9374,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=9374","url_meta":{"origin":3737,"position":3},"title":"Epiphyas postvittana (Walker): light brown apple moth (LBAM)","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"December 22, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Epiphyas postvittana (Walker): light brown apple moth (LBAM)Pest Rating: C download pest rating *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "C-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"C-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=671"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3020,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3020","url_meta":{"origin":3737,"position":4},"title":"Opogona sacchari (Bojer): Banana moth","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"December 21, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Opogona sacchari (Bojer): \u00a0Banana moth Lepidoptera:\u00a0 Tineidae Pest Rating: \u00a0C PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: February 26, 2014, USDA distributed a Deregulation Evaluation of Established Pests (DEEP) report proposing to change the status of Opogona sacchari, banana moth, from actionable to non-actionable for the United States.\u00a0\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Insects, Mites & Earthworms"","block_context":{"text":"Insects, Mites & Earthworms","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=5"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3738,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3738","url_meta":{"origin":3737,"position":5},"title":"Pandemis cerasana H\u00fcbner | Barred Fruit-tree tortrix","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"June 14, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Pandemis cerasana H\u00fcbner: \u00a0Barred Fruit-tree Tortrix Lepidoptera:\u00a0 Tortricidae Pest Rating: \u00a0A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: In July 2014 USDA\u2019s New Pest Advisory Group distributed a report that proposed to change the status of Pandemis cerasana, barred fruit-tree tortrix, to non-actionable for the continental United States.\u00a0\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Insects, Mites & Earthworms"","block_context":{"text":"Insects, Mites & Earthworms","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=5"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3737","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3737"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3737\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10436,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3737\/revisions\/10436"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3737"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3737"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3737"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}