{"id":3365,"date":"2017-02-16T14:44:52","date_gmt":"2017-02-16T22:44:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3365"},"modified":"2022-04-29T15:34:18","modified_gmt":"2022-04-29T22:34:18","slug":"barbwire-russian-thistle-salsola-gobicola","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3365","title":{"rendered":"Barbwire Russian thistle | Salsola gobicola"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating<\/h5>\n
Barbwire Russian thistle |\u00a0 Salsola gobicola<\/em><\/h5>\n
Family: \u00a0Chenopodiaceae<\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: B \u00a0| \u00a0Proposed Seed Rating: R<\/h5>\n
\n
PEST RATING PROFILE<\/h5>\n
Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Salsola gobicola <\/em>has an internal CDFA rating of \u201cQ\u201d. A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background<\/u><\/strong>: \u00a0Salsola gobicola<\/em> is an annual herbaceous dicot that can grow 1.5 m tall1<\/sup>. The genus Salsola<\/em>\u00a0belongs to the\u00a0tribe\u00a0Salsoleae of the family Amaranthaceae. Salsola means \u201c<\/em>salty\u201d in Latin, referring its tolerance for salty soils. This genus has very large number of species, but only a few species appears as weeds in North America. These species includes Salsola<\/em> tragus<\/em>\u00a0(probably the most widespread),\u00a0Salsola collina<\/em><\/em>\u00a0(mainly east of the Rocky Mountains),\u00a0Salsola paulsenii<\/em><\/em> (primarily in deserts), Salsola kali<\/em><\/em>\u00a0(restricted to ocean shores) and\u00a0Salsola australis<\/em><\/em>\u00a0(mainly in California, South Africa and Australia). Polyploid hybrids include Salsola<\/em> x gobicola<\/em>\u00a0(a cross of S. tragus<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0S. paulsenii<\/em>) that is known in the western USA and central Asia, and\u00a0Salsola x ryanii<\/em><\/em>\u00a0(a cross of S. tragus<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0S. australis<\/em>), known only from California4<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Salsola gobicola<\/em> appears where the parent species overlap, in central Asia and the western USA. It is well distributed in sandy (120\u20132200 m) places in California. \u00a0It has spreading to ascending stems and opposite to alternate, gray green to yellow green leaves. It has small flower, a green calyx and sepals\u2019 soft to spiny. The flowering time is July to October6<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong>\u00a0The genus Salsola<\/em> is reported widespread in Europe and Asia. Salsola gobicola<\/em> is only reported outside California in Utah and Mexico6<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Official Control<\/u><\/strong>: Salsola gobicola<\/em> is not known to be under official control in any\u00a0States or nations9<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

California Distribution<\/strong><\/u>: \u00a0 It is reported form Imperial, Inyo, Kern, Lassen, Los Angeles, Mono, Riverside, San Bernardino, Riverside, San Luis Obispo and Tulare counties2, 7<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/u><\/strong>: \u00a0Salsola gobicola<\/em> was intercepted three times between\u00a0January 2010 and December 2116 by CDFA border protection stations. There were several vouchers were submitted before 2000\u2019s8<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

The risk Salsola gobicola<\/em> (Barbwire Russian thistle) would pose to California is\u00a0\u00a0evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction<\/strong>: Salsola gobicola<\/em> is established large sandy area in California and still spreading2<\/sup>. Therefore, it receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/span><\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range:<\/strong> Salsola gobicola<\/em> do not require any one host, but grow wherever ecological conditions are favorable. It receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the host range of the pest.\u00a0 Score:\u00a03<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Low (1) has a very limited host range<\/p>\n

Medium (2) has a moderate host range<\/p>\n

High (3)<\/strong> has a wide host range<\/span><\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential<\/strong>: Seed spreading via tumbling mature plants with air current is very common in this genus. The mature plants contain thousands of seeds ready to germinate in sandy, salty dry soil condition. Seed are also transported to long distances by cattle and human transport systems. It receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category<\/p>\n

Evaluate the natural and artificial dispersal potential of the pest.<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> Salsola gobicola<\/em> could invades the cropland, especially spring wheat by growing in dense stands. It decreases crop yield and can lower the crop value. It displaces both native plants and other plants which could negatively change normal cultural practices. It\u00a0receives a High (3)\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact: A, B, D<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/span><\/p>\n

B<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/span><\/p>\n

C. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/p>\n

D<\/strong>. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/span><\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score:\u00a03<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 – High (3)<\/strong> causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> Salsola gobicola<\/em> is likely to trigger new chemical treatments by ranchers and land managers. A study shows that Salsola gobicola<\/em> contributes population decline and had negative effect on the habitat of these two federally listed endangered species, the Eureka Valley dune grass (Swallenia alexandrae<\/em>) and the Eureka Valley evening primrose (Oenothera californica ssp. Eurekensis<\/em>)3,5<\/sup>. It may also effect the rare taxa Mariposa lupine (Lupinus citrinus<\/em>), Antioch dunes evening primrose (Oenothera deltoids spp. howellii<\/em>) and grassland species such as California round leaved filaree (California macrophylla<\/em>). The plant can disrupt natural communities. Salsola gobicola<\/em> receives a\u00a0High (3)<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact: A B, C, D<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A<\/strong>. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/span><\/p>\n

B<\/strong>. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/span><\/p>\n

C<\/strong>. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/span><\/p>\n

D<\/strong>. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/span><\/p>\n

E. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes one of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Salsola gobicola\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(<\/strong>Barbwire Russian thistle<\/strong>)<\/strong>: High (15)<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n

\u00a0–Low<\/strong> = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

–Medium<\/strong> = 9-12 points<\/p>\n

–High<\/strong> = 13-15 points<\/span><\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Salsola gobicola\u00a0<\/em>has been reported in 12 counties in California. It receives a Medium (-2)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included:<\/p>\n

Score: -2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

-Not established (0) Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/p>\n

-Low (-1) Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

–Medium (-2)<\/strong> Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/span><\/p>\n

-High (-3) Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

The final score is the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: High (13) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncertainty: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Salsola gobicola<\/em> has been known in California for decades and it has proved highly invasive. So, there is low uncertainty.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Conclusions of the harm(s) associated with this pest to California using all of the evidence presented above: Proposed Rating: based on the score listed above the pest is a high risk weed with a distribution in at least 12 counties. A\u00a0\u201c<\/strong>B\u201d rating<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>is recommended, as the plant is invasive, but could spread further.<\/p>\n

References: <\/strong><\/h5>\n
    \n
  1. Annual report 2009. Plant pest Diagnostics center. California Department of \u00a0Food\u00a0 and Agriculture.\u00a0 Accessed January 05, 2017\u00a0https:\/\/www.cdfa.ca.gov\/plant\/ppd\/PDF\/PPDC2009.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n
    1. Calflora: Information on California plants for education, research and conservation,\u00a0with data contributed by public and private institutions and individuals, including the\u00a0Consortium of California Herbaria.\u00a0 2016. Berkeley, California. Accessed January 05, 2017\u00a0https:\/\/www.calflora.org\/cgi-bin\/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=12004<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \n
      1. Chow, Elaine K. Ph D. 2016. Dynamics of Native and Invasive Non-native Plant Species in Desert Sand Dunes of Eureka Valley, Death Valley National Park. UC, DAVIS. 149 pages; 10182745. \u00a0Accessed January 05, 2017 \u00a0http:\/\/gradworks.umi.com\/10\/18\/10182745.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \n
        1. Invasive Species Compendium: Distribution maps for plant pests, Accessed \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0January 05, 2017 \u00a0http:\/\/www.cabi.org\/cpc\/datasheet\/50297<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \n
          1. Jane Cipra and Kelly Fuhrmann, 2012. Understanding endangered plant species population changes at Eureka Dunes, Death Valley National Park. Park science Volume 29. \u00a0Accessed January 05, 2017 https:\/\/www.nature.nps.gov\/parkscience\/Archive\/PDF\/Article_PDFs\/ParkScience29(1)SpringSummer2012_62-68_CipraFuhrmann_2874.pdf<\/a><\/u><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \n
            1. Jepson Baldwin, B. G., D. H. Goldman, D. J. Keil, R. Patterson, T. J. Rosatti, and D. H. Wilken, editors. 2012. The Jepson manual: vascular plants of California, second edition. University of California Press, Berkeley. Accessed January 05, 2017 http:\/\/ucjeps.berkeley.edu\/eflora\/eflora_display.php?tid=82452<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \n
              1. Roskov Y., Abucay L. Orrell T. Nicolson D. eds. 2015. The University of Georgia Center for invasive species and ecosystem health. Accessed January 05, 2017 https:\/\/www.eddmaps.org\/Species\/subject.cfm?sub=75312<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  \n
                1. Pest and Damage Record Database, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services.\u00a0http:\/\/phpps.cdfa.ca.gov\/user\/frmLogon2.asp<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                    \n
                  1. USDA Phytosanitary Certificate Issuance & Tracking System (PCIT) Phytosanitary Export Database (PExD). Accessed January 05, 2017\u00a0https:\/\/pcit.aphis.usda.gov\/pcit\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                    \n
                    Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

                    Javaid Iqbal, California Department of Food and Agriculture; 1220 N Street, Sacramento, CA 95814; Tel. (916) 403-6695; plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                    Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

                    \u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

                    Example Comment:
                    \n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

                    \u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

                    \u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

                    Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

                    Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

                    Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

                    Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

                    \u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

                    \u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

                    \n

                    Pest Rating: B \u00a0| \u00a0Proposed Seed Rating: R<\/h3>\n
                    \n

                    Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    California Pest Rating Barbwire Russian thistle |\u00a0 Salsola gobicola Family: \u00a0Chenopodiaceae Pest Rating: B \u00a0| \u00a0Proposed Seed Rating: R PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Salsola gobicola has an internal CDFA rating of \u201cQ\u201d. A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background: \u00a0Salsola gobicola is an annual … Continue reading Barbwire Russian thistle | Salsola gobicola<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":129,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[7],"tags":[515,517,516,85],"class_list":["post-3365","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-plants","tag-barbwire-russian-thistle","tag-chenopodiaceae","tag-salsola-gobicola","tag-weeds"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-Sh","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":10838,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=10838","url_meta":{"origin":3365,"position":0},"title":"Salsola paulsenii Litv., barbwire Russian-thistle","author":"Admin","date":"July 27, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Salsola paulsenii Litv., barbwire Russian-thistlePest Rating: C download pest rating Profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. 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History &\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Weeds"","block_context":{"text":"Weeds","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=7"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1958,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1958","url_meta":{"origin":3365,"position":3},"title":"Weeds","author":"Admin","date":"May 13, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 Weeds are simply an unwanted plant in the wrong place, at the right time.\u00a0 The weeds can directly and indirectly impact agricultural crops and are just as costly to the environment as any other unwanted species. 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If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by ta","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3365","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/129"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3365"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3365\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10183,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3365\/revisions\/10183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3365"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3365"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3365"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}