{"id":3160,"date":"2017-01-09T11:58:11","date_gmt":"2017-01-09T19:58:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3160"},"modified":"2024-04-26T11:01:20","modified_gmt":"2024-04-26T18:01:20","slug":"colletotrichum-sansevieriae-m-nakamura-m-ohzono-2006","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3160","title":{"rendered":"Colletotrichum sansevieriae M. Nakamura & M. Ohzono 2006"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Colletotrichum sansevieriae \u00a0<\/em><\/strong>M. Nakamura & M. Ohzono 2006<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: B<\/strong><\/h5>\n
\n
PEST RATING PROFILE<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

On November 11, 2016, diseased Sansevieria<\/em> sp. plants exhibiting leaf spot symptoms, were intercepted by San Diego County Agricultural officials.\u00a0 The plants had originated in Florida and were destined to a nursery in San Diego County.\u00a0 A sample of diseased leaves was collected and sent by the County to the CDFA Plant Pathology Lab for diagnosis.\u00a0 On December 7, 2016, Suzanne Latham, CDFA plant pathologist, detected Colletotrichum sansevieriae<\/em> in culture from leaf spots and confirmed the identification by morphological and sequence analyses.\u00a0 Then, on December 19, 2016, C. sansevieriae<\/em> was detected once again in a shipment of Sansevieria trifasciata<\/em> plants that had originated in Florida but were destined to a different nursery in San Diego County.\u00a0 The samples submitted to the CDFA Lab had been collected on November 22, 2016 by San Diego County.\u00a0 Consequently, the infested greenhouse-contained, potted Sansevieria<\/em> plants were treated with fungicidal sprays and continue to be periodically monitored for detection of the pathogen (personal communication: Pat Nolan, plant pathologist, San Diego County)<\/em>.\u00a0 Currently, C. sansevieriae <\/em>has a temporary \u2018Q\u2019 rating.\u00a0 The risk of introduction and establishment of this pathogen in California is assessed and a permanent rating is proposed herein.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background<\/u><\/strong>: Colletotrichum sansevieriae<\/em> is a fungal pathogen that causes anthracnose disease only in Sansevieria<\/em> spp. plants (Nakamura et al<\/em>., 2006). \u00a0The pathogen was first detected in Sansevieria<\/em> plants in Japan and soon after reported from Australia (Aldaoud et al<\/em>., 2010), India (Gautam et al.,<\/em> 2012), USA (Florida; Palmateer et al.,<\/em> 2012), and Korea (Park et al<\/em>., 2013).\u00a0 Its recent find in a California nursery marked its first detection in for the State.<\/p>\n

Hosts:<\/strong> Sansevieria<\/em> sp. (snake plant), S. trifasciata<\/em> (mother-in-law\u2019s tongue) (Farr & Rossman, 2016; CABI, 2016).<\/p>\n

Symptoms<\/strong>:\u00a0 Initially, round, water-soaked lesions are formed on leaves.\u00a0 Lesions form on young and mature leaves and rapidly enlarge and coalesce resulting in foliage blight.\u00a0 In mature lesions, numerous brownish-black and crustose cankers or acervuli (fungal fruiting bodies) in concentric rings are produced characteristic of anthracnose.\u00a0 Abundant conidia are produced on these cankers (Makamura et al<\/em>., 2006; Palmateer et al.,<\/em> 2012).<\/p>\n

Damage Potential<\/strong>:\u00a0 Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum sansevieria <\/em>can result in reduced plant quality and growth, and marketability.\u00a0 In California, nursery production of potted host plants or in greenhouses are particularly at risk as nursery conditions are often conducive to infection by Colletotrichum<\/em> species.\u00a0 In California\u2019s cultivated fields, disease development may be sporadic as it is affected by levels of pathogen inoculum and environmental conditions.<\/p>\n

Disease Cycle<\/strong>:\u00a0 It is likely that Colletotrichum sansevieria<\/em> has a similar life cycle to that of other Colletotrichum<\/em> species and survives between crops during winter as mycelium on plant residue in soil, on infected plants, and on seeds.\u00a0 During active growth, the pathogen produces masses of hyphae (stromata) which bear conidiophores, on the plant surface. Conidia (spores) are produced at the tips of the conidiophores and disseminated by wind, rain, cultivation tools, equipment, and field workers.\u00a0 \u00a0Conidia are transmitted to host plants.\u00a0 Humid, wet, rainy weather is necessary for infection to occur.\u00a0 These requirements in particular may limit the occurrence of the pathogen in California fields and subsequently, the pathogen may be more of a problem under controlled environments of greenhouses.\u00a0 Conidia germinate, penetrate host tissue by means of specialized hyphae (appresoria) and invade host tissue. \u00a0The optimum temperature for growth of C. sansevieria<\/em> ranges from 25\u00b0 to 28\u00b0C Nakamura et al<\/em>., 2006). \u00a0\u00a0In greenhouse tests, anthracnose disease developed within 10 days of inoculation of Sanseviera<\/em> plants at 29\u00b0C with 70-85% relative humidity (Palmateer et al., <\/em>2012), or 6 days after inoculation in a humid chamber at 27\u00b0C under 12h fluorescent light\/12 h darkness (Nakamura et al<\/em>., 2006).<\/p>\n

Transmission<\/strong>:\u00a0 Wind, wind-driven rain, cultivation tools, and human contact.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u><\/strong>: Asia<\/em>: India, Japan, Korea; North America<\/em>: USA (Florida); Oceania<\/em>: Australia (Farr & Rossman, 2016; CABI, 2016; Gautam et al<\/em>., 2012).<\/p>\n

Official Control<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 In California C. sansevieriae<\/em> is a quarantine actionable, Q-rated pathogen.<\/p>\n

California Distribution<\/u><\/strong>: Colletotrichum sansevieriae <\/em>was detected in two nursery greenhouses in San Diego.\u00a0 Conseq\u00a0 ently, infected plants were treated and continue to be monitored periodically for detection of the pathogen (see \u201cInitiating Event\u201d).\u00a0 As the infected plants were contained in pots in greenhouses, the pathogen is not considered to be established in California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 Colletotrichum sansevieria<\/em> has been intercepted twice in 2016, in shipments of Sansevieria<\/em> plants that originated in Florida (see \u2018Initiating event\u2019).<\/p>\n

The risk Colletotrichum sansevieriae<\/em> would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:\u00a0 <\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong> Similar to other species of Colletotrichum<\/em>, sansevieriae<\/em> requires humid, wet, rainy weather for conidia to infect host plants. This environmental requirement may limit the ability of the pathogen to fully establish and spread under dry field conditions in California.<\/p>\n

Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California.<\/p>\n

Score<\/strong>: 2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

– Low (1) Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/span><\/p>\n

– High (3) likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range:<\/strong> The host range of Colletotrichum sansevieriae<\/em> is limited to Sansevieria<\/em><\/p>\n

Evaluate the host range of the pest.<\/p>\n

Score:<\/strong> 1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> has a very limited host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Medium (2) has a moderate host range.<\/p>\n

– High (3) has a wide host range.<\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> The pathogen has high reproductive potential and conidia are produced successively.\u00a0 They are transmitted by wind, wind-driven rain, cultivation tools, and human contact however conidial germination and plant infection require long, wet periods.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the natural and artificial dispersal potential of the pest.<\/p>\n

Score:<\/strong> 3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

– Low (1) does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2) has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> Under suitable, wet climates, the pathogen could lower plant growth, value, and trigger the loss of markets.<\/em><\/p>\n

Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact:<\/strong> A, B, C.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

A. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

B. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

C. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Economic Impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1) causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2) causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

5)<\/strong>\u00a0 Environmental Impact<\/strong>:\u00a0 The pathogen could significantly impact cultural practices\u00a0<\/em>or home garden plantings.<\/em><\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact: \u00a0E. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/p>\n

E. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact Score: 2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1) causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes one of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

– High (3) causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Colletotrichum sansevieriae: <\/em>Medium (11)<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

-Low = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

–Medium<\/strong> = 9-12 points<\/span><\/p>\n

-High = 13-15 points<\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Colletotrichum sansevieriae <\/em>was detected in an incursion of plants held at a nursery in San Diego County and is not considered to be established within California.<\/p>\n

Score:<\/strong> (-0)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

–Not established (0)<\/strong> Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

-Low (-1) Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

-Medium (-2) Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

-High (-3) Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

7) The final score is<\/strong> the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: (Score)<\/p>\n

Final Score: <\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Score of Consequences of Introduction \u2013 Score of Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information =<\/strong> <\/em>11<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncertainty:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

None.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Based on the evidence provided above the proposed rating for the anthracnose pathogen, Colletotrichum sansevieriae<\/em> is B.<\/strong><\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Aldaoud, R., S. de Alwis, S. Salib, J. H. Cunnington, and S. Doughty.<\/strong> \u00a0<\/strong>2011. \u00a0First record of Colletotrichum sansevieriae<\/em><\/strong> on Sansevieria sp.<\/em><\/strong> (mother-in-law’s tongue) in Australia. Australasian Plant Disease Notes 6: 60-61<\/p>\n

C<\/strong>ABI.\u00a0 2016.\u00a0 Colletotrichum fructicola<\/em> basic datasheet report.\u00a0 Crop Protection Compendium.\u00a0 www.cabi.org\/cpc\/<\/a><\/p>\n

F<\/strong>arr, D. F., & A. Y. Rossman.\u00a0 Fungal databases, systematic mycology and microbiology laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved April 3, 2016, from\u00a0http:\/\/nt.ars-grin.gov\/fungaldatabases\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Gautam, A. K., S. Avasthi, and R. Bhadauria.\u00a0 2012.\u00a0 Colletotrichum sansevieriae<\/em> on Sansevieria trifasciata<\/em> \u2013 a report form Madhya Pradesh, India.\u00a0 Plant Pathology & Quarantine 2: 190-192.\u00a0 <\/strong>doi 10.5943\/ppq\/2\/2\/12<\/p>\n

Nakamura, M., M. Ohzono, H. Iwai, and K. Arai.<\/strong> \u00a02006. \u00a0Anthracnose of Sansevieria trifasciata<\/em><\/strong> caused by Colletotrichum sansevieriae<\/em><\/strong> sp. nov. Journal of General Plant Pathology 72: 253-256.<\/p>\n

Palmateer, A. J., T. L. B. Tarnowski, and P. Lopez. <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>2012. \u00a0First Report of Colletotrichum sansevieriae<\/em><\/strong> Causing Anthracnose of Sansevieria trifasciata<\/em><\/strong> in Florida. Plant Disease 96: 293.<\/p>\n

Park, J. H., K. S. Han, J. Y. Kim, and H. D. Shin. <\/strong>\u00a02013. \u00a0First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum sansevieriae<\/em><\/strong> on Sansvieria in Korea. Plant Disease 97: 1510<\/p>\n

W<\/strong>eir, B. S., P. R. Johnston, and U. Damm.\u00a0 2012.\u00a0 The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides<\/em> species complex.\u00a0 Studies in Mycology, 73:115-180. DOI:10.3114\/sim0011.<\/p>\n

\n
Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

John J. Chitambar, Primary Plant Pathologist\/Nematologist, California Department of Food and Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832. Phone: 916-262-1110, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: B<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Colletotrichum sansevieriae \u00a0M. Nakamura & M. Ohzono 2006\u00a0 Pest Rating: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: On November 11, 2016, diseased Sansevieria sp. plants exhibiting leaf spot symptoms, were intercepted by San Diego County Agricultural officials.\u00a0 The plants had originated in Florida and were destined to a nursery in San Diego … Continue reading Colletotrichum sansevieriae M. Nakamura & M. Ohzono 2006<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1117,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[8,4],"tags":[491,46,41],"class_list":["post-3160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fungi","category-plant-pathology","tag-colletotrichum-sansevieriae","tag-fungi-2","tag-plant-pathogens"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-OY","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":4257,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=4257","url_meta":{"origin":3160,"position":0},"title":"Colletotrichum aracearum","author":"Admin","date":"November 29, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Colletotrichum aracearum L. W. Hou & L. Cai 2016 PEST RATING: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: \u00a0 On July 28, 2017, diseased Cymbidium sp. plants exhibiting leaf spots, were detected by the CDFA Dog Team, in a shipment of plants that had originated in and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fungi"","block_context":{"text":"Fungi","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1047,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1047","url_meta":{"origin":3160,"position":1},"title":"Colletotrichum petchii Damm, P. F. Cannon & Crous, 2012","author":"Admin","date":"June 1, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Colletotrichum petchii Damm, P. F. Cannon & Crous, 2012 Pest\u00a0Rating: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In January 2015, the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum petchii, was detected in infected potted Dracaena deremensis (corn plant) in a nursery in Vista, San Diego County, California.\u00a0 The plants were\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fungi"","block_context":{"text":"Fungi","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1146,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1146","url_meta":{"origin":3160,"position":2},"title":"Colletotrichum cymbidiicola Damm, P. F. Cannon, Crous, P. R. Johnst. & B. Weir, 2012","author":"Admin","date":"October 12, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Colletotrichum cymbidiicola Damm, P. F. Cannon, Crous, P. R. Johnst. & B. Weir, 2012 Pest Rating: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In April 2014, during an inspection of a nursery in San Diego County, California, Pat Nolan, plant pathologist, San Diego County, observed black\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fungi"","block_context":{"text":"Fungi","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":4275,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=4275","url_meta":{"origin":3160,"position":3},"title":"Colletotrichum cliviae Y.L. Yang, Zuo Y. Liu, K.D. Hyde & L. Cai, 2009","author":"Admin","date":"December 4, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Colletotrichum cliviae Y.L. Yang, Zuo Y. Liu, K.D. Hyde & L. Cai, 2009 PEST RATING: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: On October 17, 2017, diseased leaves of variegated croton plants (Codiaeum variegata) exhibiting leaf spotting symptoms, were collected from a nursery in San Diego, by\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fungi"","block_context":{"text":"Fungi","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1518,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1518","url_meta":{"origin":3160,"position":4},"title":"Colletotrichum cordylinicola Phoulivong, L. Cai & K. D. Hyde, 2011","author":"Admin","date":"January 20, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Proposal for Colletotrichum cordylinicola Phoulivong, L. Cai & K. D. Hyde, 2011 Pest Rating: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: \u00a0 On October 6, 2015 a shipment of Green Ti plant cuttings (Cordyline glauca) showing leaf blight symptoms and destined to a nursery in San Diego County,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fungi"","block_context":{"text":"Fungi","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1931,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1931","url_meta":{"origin":3160,"position":5},"title":"Colletotrichum fructicola Prihastuti, L. Cai & K. D. Hyde, 2009","author":"Admin","date":"May 10, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Colletotrichum fructicola Prihastuti, L. Cai & K. D. Hyde, 2009 Pest Rating: \u00a0B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: On March 29, 2016, a shipment of Chinese evergreen (Aglaonema sp.)\u00a0 cuttings showing leaf spotting symptoms and destined to a nursery in San Luis Obispo County, was intercepted\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fungi"","block_context":{"text":"Fungi","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3160","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1117"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3160"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3160\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10521,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3160\/revisions\/10521"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3160"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3160"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3160"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}