{"id":3016,"date":"2016-12-21T14:50:07","date_gmt":"2016-12-21T22:50:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3016"},"modified":"2022-05-16T10:27:01","modified_gmt":"2022-05-16T17:27:01","slug":"dysmicoccus-grassii-leonardi-alazon-mealybug","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3016","title":{"rendered":"Dysmicoccus grassii (Leonardi): Alazon Mealybug"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Dysmicoccus grassii<\/em><\/strong> (Leonardi): Alazon Mealybug<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: A<\/strong><\/h5>\n
\n
PEST RATING PROFILE<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Initiating Event:<\/h5>\n

Dysmicoccus grassii<\/em> is frequently intercepted by CDFA and requires a pest rating proposal to support its pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 Dysmicoccus grassii<\/em> is a polyphagous mealybug that feeds on tropical and subtropical plants and where it is commonly found feeding around the peduncle of fruit1<\/sup>.\u00a0 This feeding can cause yellowing and rot of green fruit1<\/sup>.\u00a0 The mealybug is considered to be a pest of bananas in the Canary Islands and Nigeria1<\/sup>.\u00a0 Known hosts include: Anacardiaceae<\/strong>: mango (Mangifera indica<\/em>2<\/sup>) ; Annonaceae<\/strong>: sugar apple (Annona squamosa<\/em>2<\/sup>); Asparagaceae<\/strong>: Mexican grass tree (Dasylirion longissimum<\/em>2<\/sup>); Asteraceae<\/strong>: Eupatorium odoratum<\/em>2<\/sup>; Bignoniaceae<\/strong>: calabash tree (Crescentia cujete<\/em>2<\/sup>); Bromeliaceae<\/strong>: pineapple (Ananas comosus<\/em>2<\/sup>), Andrea inermis<\/em>2<\/sup>; Caricaceae<\/strong>: papaya (Carica papaya<\/em>2<\/sup>) ; Combretaceae<\/strong>: tropical almond (Terminalia catappa<\/em>2<\/sup>); Cucurbitaceae<\/strong>: chayote (Sechium edule<\/em>2<\/sup>); Euphorbiaceae<\/strong>: Codiaeum <\/em>spp.2<\/sup>; Fabaceae<\/strong>: Acacia <\/em>spp.2<\/sup>; Lauraceae<\/strong>: Persea <\/em>spp.2<\/sup>; Liliaceae<\/strong>: Asparagus <\/em>spp.; Lythraceae<\/strong>: pomegranate (Punica granatum<\/em>2<\/sup>); Malvaceae<\/strong>: Theobroma <\/em>cacao1,2<\/sup>; Melastomataceae<\/strong>: Melastoma <\/em>spp.2<\/sup>; Moraceae<\/strong>: Artocarpus <\/em>spp.2<\/sup>, weeping fig (Ficus benjamina<\/em>2<\/sup>); Musaceae<\/strong>: Musa acuminata<\/em>2<\/sup>, Musa sapientum<\/em>2<\/sup>, Musa <\/em>spp.2<\/sup>; Passifloraceae<\/strong>: passion fruit (Passiflora edulis<\/em>2<\/sup>); Polygonaceae<\/strong>: sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera<\/em>2<\/sup>); Rubiaceae<\/strong>: coffee (Coffea arabica<\/em>2<\/sup>), robusta coffee (Coffea canephora<\/em>1<\/sup>); Verbenaceae<\/strong>: teak (Tectona grandis<\/em>2<\/sup>).\u00a0 Dysmicoccus grassii<\/em> may be transported long distances when infested plants or fresh plant parts are moved.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u>:<\/strong> Dysmicoccus grassii<\/em> is considered to be native to Central and South America1<\/sup>.\u00a0 From there it has spread to Malaysia, the Canary Islands, France, Italy, Sicily, and Nigeria2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Official Control<\/u><\/strong>: Dysmicoccus grassii<\/em> (including its synonym D. alazon<\/em>) are listed as harmful organisms by China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and Egypt3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

California Distribution<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 Dysmicoccus grassii<\/em> has never been found in the environment of California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 Between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2014 Dysmicoccus grassii<\/em> was intercepted by CDFA\u2019s dog teams, border stations, and high risk programs 134 times.\u00a0 These interceptions are typically on fruit or plants from Florida and Mexico.\u00a0 It was also found in one nursery in Los Angeles County on plants imported from Florida.<\/p>\n

The risk Dysmicoccus grassii<\/em> (alazon mealybug) would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong> Host plants of Dysmicoccus grassii<\/em> are commonly grown in California and the mealybug is expected to be able to establish wherever these are grown. It receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California.\u00a0 Score: 1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/span><\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range:<\/strong> Dysmicoccus grassii<\/em> is known to feed on at least 25 species of plants in 22 families.\u00a0 However, many of these are tropical plants that are not commonly grown in California.\u00a0 It receives a Medium (2)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the host range of the pest. Score: 2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has a moderate host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has a wide host range.<\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> Mealybugs are capable of rapid reproduction and can be transported long distances when infested plants or fresh plant parts are moved.\u00a0 They may also disperse locally by crawling, wind, or by hitchhiking on clothing, equipment, or animals.\u00a0 Dysmicoccus grassii<\/em> receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the natural and artificial dispersal potential of the pest. Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> Dysmicoccus grassii<\/em> can disfigure unripe fruit when it feeds and might lower crop yields.\u00a0 It may reduce the value of nursery stock by disfiguring plants with its presence.\u00a0 The presence of the mealybug may disrupt markets for California agricultural commodities as several of California\u2019s trading partners consider it a harmful organism.\u00a0 Dysmicoccus grassii<\/em> receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the criteria below.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Economic Impact: A, B, C<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. <\/span><\/strong>The pest could lower crop yield.<\/span><\/p>\n

B. <\/span><\/strong>The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/span><\/p>\n

C. <\/span><\/strong>The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/span><\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

Economic Impact Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> Dysmicoccus grassii<\/em> is not expected to lower biodiversity, disrupt natural communities, or change ecosystem processes.\u00a0 It is not expected to directly affect threatened or endangered species or disrupt critical habitats.\u00a0 The mealybug could trigger additional private treatment programs in orchards, the nursery industry, and by residents who find infested plants or fruit damage unacceptable.\u00a0 Many of the host plants of Dysmicoccus grassii<\/em> are commonly grown as ornamentals and in home\/urban gardens in California and may be significantly impacted.\u00a0 The mealybug receives a High (3)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact: D, E<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D. <\/span><\/strong>The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/span><\/p>\n

E. <\/span><\/strong>The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/span><\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact.<\/p>\n

Environmental Impact<\/strong>\u00a0Score: 3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes one of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Dysmicoccus grassii<\/em> (Alazon Mealybug):\u00a0 High (14)<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

–Low<\/strong> = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

–Medium<\/strong> = 9-12 points<\/p>\n

–High<\/strong> = 13-15 points<\/span><\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Dysmicoccus grassii<\/em> has never been found in the environment of California and receives a Not established (0)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included.<\/p>\n

–Not established (0)<\/strong> Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

–Low (-1)<\/strong> Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

–Medium (-2)<\/strong> Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

–High (-3)<\/strong> Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

The final score is<\/strong> the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: High (14) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncertainty: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Dysmicoccus grassii<\/em> is frequently intercepted by CDFA.\u00a0 Presumably, it enters California at other times undetected.\u00a0 It is possible that it has been introduced and is established in some localities.\u00a0 Alternatively, it could be failing to establish.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Dysmicoccus grassii<\/em> has never been found in the environment of California and is likely to have significant economic and environmental impacts.\u00a0 An \u201cA\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1<\/sup> Culik, Mark P., David dos Santos Martins, and Penny J. Gullan. 2006. First records of two mealybug species in Brazil and new potential pests of papaya and coffee. Journal of Insect Science 6(23): 1-6. http:\/\/jinsectscience.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/jis\/6\/1\/23.full.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

2<\/sup> Miller, Dug, Yair Ben-Dov, Gary Gibson, and Nate Hardy.\u00a0 ScaleNet.\u00a0 http:\/\/scalenet.info\/validname\/Dysmicoccus\/grassii\/<\/a><\/p>\n

3<\/sup> USDA Phytosanitary Certificate Issuance & Tracking System (PCIT) Phytosanitary Export Database (PExD).\u00a0 https:\/\/pcit.aphis.usda.gov\/pcit\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\n
Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 1220 N Street, Sacramento, CA, 95814, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:
\n<\/strong>Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: A<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Dysmicoccus grassii (Leonardi): Alazon Mealybug Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae Pest Rating: A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Dysmicoccus grassii is frequently intercepted by CDFA and requires a pest rating proposal to support its pest rating. History & Status: Background:\u00a0 Dysmicoccus grassii is a polyphagous mealybug that feeds on tropical and subtropical plants and … Continue reading Dysmicoccus grassii (Leonardi): Alazon Mealybug<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[18,5],"tags":[462,463,179,52],"class_list":["post-3016","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hemiptera","category-entomology","tag-alazon-mealybug","tag-dysmicoccus-grassii","tag-hemiptera-pseudococcidae","tag-insects-and-mites"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-ME","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":9546,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=9546","url_meta":{"origin":3016,"position":0},"title":"Dysmicoccus mackenziei Beardsley: McKenzie mealybug","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"February 8, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Dysmicoccus mackenziei Beardsley: McKenzie mealybugPest Rating: A download pest rating Profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. 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History & Status: Background:\u00a0 Dysmicoccus\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Hemiptera"","block_context":{"text":"Hemiptera","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=18"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2979,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2979","url_meta":{"origin":3016,"position":2},"title":"Dysmicoccus neobrevipes (Annona\/Gray Pineapple Mealybug)","author":"Raj Randhawa","date":"December 1, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Dysmicoccus neobrevipes (Annona\/Gray Pineapple Mealybug) Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae Pest Rating: A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Dysmicoccus neobrevipes has an internal CDFA rating of \u201cQ\u201d. A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background: Dysmicoccus neobrevipes is a mealybug\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Hemiptera"","block_context":{"text":"Hemiptera","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=18"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1954,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1954","url_meta":{"origin":3016,"position":3},"title":"Insects, Mites & Earthworms","author":"Admin","date":"May 13, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Insects and mites are related in that their skeletons are on the outside (Phyllum: Arthropoda), but differ in that adult insects have six legs and adult mites have eight.\u00a0 Both groups can be beneficial, neutral or destructive to their environment.\u00a0 Like nematodes, they can cause yearly losses in the billions\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Ratings"","block_context":{"text":"Ratings","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=333"},"img":{"alt_text":"Insects and Mites Banner","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/insects-and-mites-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7366,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=7366","url_meta":{"origin":3016,"position":4},"title":"Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell): striped mealybug Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"July 17, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell): striped mealybug Pest Rating: A download pest rating *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by ka","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6938,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=6938","url_meta":{"origin":3016,"position":5},"title":"Miscanthicoccus miscanthi (Takahashi) – Miscanthus mealybug","author":"Raj Randhawa","date":"March 13, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Miscanthicoccus miscanthi (Takahashi) - Miscanthus mealybug. Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae. Pest Rating: B download pest rating *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. 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