{"id":2719,"date":"2016-10-13T05:00:27","date_gmt":"2016-10-13T12:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2719"},"modified":"2022-05-16T10:23:41","modified_gmt":"2022-05-16T17:23:41","slug":"stenhomalus-taiwanus-matsushita-taiwan-slender-longhorned-beetle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2719","title":{"rendered":"Stenhomalus taiwanus Matsushita: Taiwan Slender Longhorned Beetle"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Stenhomalus taiwanus<\/em><\/strong> Matsushita: Taiwan Slender Longhorned Beetle<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Coleoptera: Cerambycidae<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: \u00a0A<\/strong><\/h5>\n
\n
PEST RATING PROFILE<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

In September 2016 the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) New Pest Advisory Group (NPAG) released a report on Stenohomalus taiwanus<\/em> that recommended that USDA establish a non-reportable\/non-actionable port policy for the beetle in the continental United States.\u00a0 The beetle would remain actionable in Hawaii and the United States territories.\u00a0 Stephen Brown requested comments on this proposal.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 Stenhomalus taiwanus<\/em> is a longhorned beetle that is only known to feed on stems and branches of two to five year old Zanthoxylum bungeanum<\/em> (Sichuan pepper, Chinese pepper) and Zanthoxylum piperitum<\/em> (Japanese prickly ash).\u00a0 Stenhomalus taiwanus<\/em> has only one generation per year.\u00a0 Adult beetles emerge in summer and crawl on branches and leaves and may fly short distances.\u00a0 Larvae feed on the cortex and xylem of the tree where they overwinter and pupate in spring.\u00a0 The beetles may be transported long distances inside wood when infested plants or freshly cut stems and branches are moved.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u>:<\/strong> Stenhomalus taiwanus<\/em> is native to China, Japan and Taiwan.\u00a0 The only place it is known to have invaded is the southern United States, where it has been found in Georgia, Alabama, and Texas.<\/p>\n

Official Control<\/u>:<\/strong> Stenhomalus taiwanus<\/em> is not known to be under official control in any other states or nations.<\/p>\n

California Distribution<\/u>:<\/strong>\u00a0 Stenhomalus taiwanus<\/em> has never been found in the environment of California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/u>:\u00a0<\/strong> Stenhomalus taiwanus<\/em> has never been found in any regulatory situations in California.<\/p>\n

The risk Stenhomalus taiwanus<\/em> (Taiwan slender longhorned beetle) would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong> There are no species of Zanthoxylum<\/em> native to California and those plants are only occasionally cultivated here. If Stenhomalus taiwanus<\/em> were to establish in California its distribution is likely to be very limited.\u00a0 It receives a Low (1)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California.\u00a0 Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range:<\/strong> Stenhomalus taiwanus<\/em> is only known to feed on two species of plants in one genus.\u00a0 It receives a Low (1)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the host range of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> has a very limited host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has a moderate host range.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has a wide host range.<\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> Stenhomalus taiwanus<\/em> only has one generation per year.\u00a0 It can be transported long distances when infested plants or fresh stems or branches are moved.\u00a0 It receives a Medium (2)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the natural and artificial dispersal potential of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> Stenhomalus taiwanus<\/em> has been present in the southern United States for more than five years and has not had any economic impacts.\u00a0 If it were to establish in California it is not likely to lower crop yields, increase crop production costs, disrupt markets, negatively change cultural practices, vector other organisms, injure animals, or interfere with water supplies.\u00a0 It receives a Low (1)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the criteria below. Score:<\/p>\n

A. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/p>\n

B. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/p>\n

C. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> If Stenhomalus taiwanus<\/em> were to establish in California it is not likely to lower biodiversity, disrupt natural communities, or change ecosystem processes.\u00a0 It is not expected to affect threatened or endangered species or disrupt critical habitats.\u00a0 It may trigger new treatment programs by residents who grow ornamental Zanthoxylum<\/em>\u00a0 In California the beetle is not likely to significantly affect cultural practices, home\/urban gardening, or ornamental plantings.\u00a0 Stenhomalus taiwanus<\/em> receives a Medium (2)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

A. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D<\/strong>. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/span><\/p>\n

E. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes one of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Stenhomalus taiwanus<\/em> (Taiwan Slender Longhorned Beetle):<\/strong>\u00a0 Low (7)<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

–Low<\/strong> = 5-8 points<\/span><\/p>\n

–Medium<\/strong> = 9-12 points<\/p>\n

–High<\/strong> = 13-15 points<\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Stenhomalus taiwanus<\/em> has never been found in California and receives a Not established (0)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included.<\/p>\n

–Not established (0)<\/strong> Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

–Low (-1)<\/strong> Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

–Medium (-2)<\/strong> Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

–High (-3)<\/strong> Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

The final score is<\/strong> the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: Low (7)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncertainty: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Stenhomalus taiwanus<\/em> does not respond to any wood boring beetle lures and would not be found by CDFA\u2019s exotic wood borer surveys.\u00a0 In the South it is most commonly collected at light traps.\u00a0 There have not been any recent comprehensive light trap surveys of California.\u00a0 Interception data and finds from other states indicate that the beetle has been moving into the United States in wood products from China.\u00a0 It is certain that some of these infested products also entered California.\u00a0 Furthermore, it is likely that Stenhomalus taiwanus<\/em> has already entered California and remains undetected.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Although the beetle is only documented to feed on two species of Zanthoxylum<\/em>, it is not known what plant(s) the beetle is using as a host in the United States.\u00a0 It has been intercepted on \u201cwillow\u201d baskets from China. \u00a0It is unknown what type of wood this actually was.\u00a0 If there has been host-switching there is potential for far-reaching forestry and environmental impacts.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

If Stenhomalus taiwanus<\/em> were to establish in California it is only expected to affect ornamental Zanthoxylum<\/em> plants.\u00a0 However, there is significant uncertainty about what host plant(s) the beetle is using in the United States as its native hosts do not occur here except as occasional ornamentals.\u00a0 \u00a0Until more information about the host range of this beetle is known or it is found in California an \u201cA\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Newton, Leslie and David Bednar. 2016.\u00a0 NPAG Report Stenhomalus taiwanus<\/em> Matsushita: Taiwan slender longhorn beetle.\u00a0 United States Department of Agriculture New Pest Advisory Group.<\/p>\n

\n
Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 1220 N Street, Sacramento, CA, 95814, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: \u00a0A<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Stenhomalus taiwanus Matsushita: Taiwan Slender Longhorned Beetle Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Pest Rating: \u00a0A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: In September 2016 the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) New Pest Advisory Group (NPAG) released a report on Stenohomalus taiwanus that recommended that USDA establish a non-reportable\/non-actionable port policy for the beetle in … Continue reading Stenhomalus taiwanus Matsushita: Taiwan Slender Longhorned Beetle<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[15,5],"tags":[279,52,425,426],"class_list":["post-2719","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-coleoptera","category-entomology","tag-coleoptera-cerambycidae","tag-insects-and-mites","tag-stenhomalus-taiwanus","tag-taiwan-slender-longhorned-beetle"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-HR","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":5057,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5057","url_meta":{"origin":2719,"position":0},"title":"Longhorned Beetle | Acalolepta aesthetica","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"March 15, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Longhorned Beetle | Acalolepta aesthetica (Olliff) Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Pest Rating: A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Acalolepta aesthetica is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 It was introduced to, and is now established on the island of Hawaii.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Coleoptera"","block_context":{"text":"Coleoptera","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=15"},"img":{"alt_text":"a big longhorned beetle","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/360px-Acalolepta_aesthetica_15689568227-225x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":5605,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5605","url_meta":{"origin":2719,"position":1},"title":"Longhorned Beetle | Plagionotus arcuatus (Linnaeus)","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"July 23, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Longhorned Beetle | Plagionotus arcuatus (Linnaeus) Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Pest Rating: A \u00a0 \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Plagionotus arcuatus is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. 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