{"id":2619,"date":"2016-09-23T12:59:56","date_gmt":"2016-09-23T19:59:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2619"},"modified":"2022-05-16T10:13:42","modified_gmt":"2022-05-16T17:13:42","slug":"lesser-snow-scale-pinnaspis-strachani-cooley","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2619","title":{"rendered":"Lesser Snow Scale | Pinnaspis strachani (Cooley)"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Lesser
\n<\/a>California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pinnaspis strachani<\/em><\/strong> (Cooley): Lesser Snow Scale<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Hemiptera: Diaspididae<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: \u00a0A<\/strong><\/h5>\n
\n
PEST RATING PROFILE<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Initiating Event:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Pinnaspis strachani<\/em> is frequently intercepted by CDFA.\u00a0 A pest rating proposal is required to support the permanent pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 Pinnaspis strachani<\/em> is a highly polyphagous armored scale insect that feeds on a wide variety of plants.\u00a0 Known hosts include: \u00a0Acanthaceae<\/strong>: Justicia sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Thunbergia grandiflora<\/em>1<\/sup>; Amaryllidaceae<\/strong>: Agave fourcroytes<\/em>1<\/sup>, Crinum sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Crinum asiaticum<\/em>1<\/sup>, Eucharis sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Polianthes tuberosa<\/em>1<\/sup>; Anacardiaceae<\/strong>: Anacardium occidentale<\/em>1<\/sup>, Mangifera sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Mangifera odorata<\/em>1<\/sup>, Mangifera indica<\/em>1<\/sup>; Annonaceae<\/strong>: Annona muricata<\/em>1<\/sup>, Annona squamosa<\/em>1<\/sup>, Annona sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Annona reticulata<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cananga odorata<\/em>1<\/sup>, Polyalthia longifolia<\/em>1<\/sup>, Uvaria sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>; Apocynaceae<\/strong>: Calotropis procera<\/em>1<\/sup>, Nerium <\/em>sp.1<\/sup>, Pachypodium <\/em>sp.1<\/sup>, Parsonsia sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Plumeria sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Plumeria alba<\/em>1<\/sup>, Plumeria rubra<\/em>1<\/sup>, Plumeria tuberculata<\/em>1<\/sup>, Vallesia glabra<\/em>1<\/sup>; Araceae<\/strong>: Colocasia esculenta<\/em>1<\/sup>, Rhaphidophora sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>; Araliaceae<\/strong>: Arailia sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Schefflera sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Arecaceae<\/strong>: Acanthophoenix sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Attalea gomphocarpa<\/em>1<\/sup>, Chamaerops <\/em>, Chrysalidocarpus sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cocos nucifera<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cocos sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Elaeis guineensis<\/em>1<\/sup>, Heterospathe sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Howea <\/em>sp.1<\/sup>, Kentia sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Latania sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Licuala sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Livistona sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Phoenix dactylifera<\/em>1<\/sup>, Rhapis <\/em>sp.1<\/sup>, Roystonea regia<\/em>1<\/sup>, Sabal sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Thrinax sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Trachycarpus <\/em>sp.1<\/sup>, Veitchia joannis<\/em>1<\/sup>, Verschaffeltia<\/em>1<\/sup>; Asparagaceae<\/strong>: Agave sisalana<\/em>1<\/sup>, Agave americana<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cordyline sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Dracaena sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Furcraea gigantea<\/em>1<\/sup>, Liriope sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Yucca sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>; Asteraceae<\/strong>: Chrysanthemum indicum<\/em>1<\/sup>, Fitchia sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Psiadia <\/em>sp.1<\/sup>, Scalesia incisa<\/em>1<\/sup>, Scalesia affinis<\/em>1<\/sup>; Boraginaceae<\/strong>: Coldenia fusca<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cordia lutea<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cordia alba<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cordia macrostachya<\/em>1<\/sup>, Heliotropium arborescens<\/em>1<\/sup>, Messerschmidia argentea<\/em>1<\/sup>, Tournefortia sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Tournefortia argentea<\/em>1<\/sup>; Brassicaceae<\/strong>: Thelypodium <\/em>sp.1<\/sup>, Bromeliaceae<\/strong>: Ananas comosus<\/em>1<\/sup>, Bromelia sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>; Cannaceae<\/strong>: Canna indica<\/em>1<\/sup>; Combretaceae<\/strong>: Conocarpus erecta<\/em>1<\/sup>, Terminalia sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Terminalia catappa<\/em>1<\/sup>, Terminalia calamansanay<\/em>1<\/sup>, Terminalia complanata<\/em>1<\/sup>; Convolvulaceae<\/strong>: Ipomoea batatas<\/em>1<\/sup>, Ipomoea grandiflora<\/em>1<\/sup>; Crassulaceae<\/strong>: Bryophyllum pinnata<\/em>1<\/sup>; Cucurbitaceae<\/strong>: Benincasa cerifera<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cucurbita sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cucurbita maxima<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cucurbita pepo<\/em>1<\/sup>, Sechium sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Sechium edulis<\/em>1<\/sup>, Trichosanthes sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>; Cycadaceae<\/strong>: Cycas sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cycas revoluta<\/em>1<\/sup>, Dioon edule<\/em>1<\/sup>, Zamia sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>; Dioscoreaceae<\/strong>: Dioscorea alata<\/em>1<\/sup>, Dioscorea bulbifera<\/em>1<\/sup>, Dioscorea sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Ebenaceae<\/strong>: Diospyros chloroxylon<\/em>1<\/sup>, Diospyros kaki<\/em>1<\/sup>; Elaeocarpaceae<\/strong>: Muntingia calabura<\/em>1<\/sup>; Euphorbiaceae<\/strong>: Acalypha wilkesiana<\/em>1<\/sup>, Aleurites moluccana<\/em>1<\/sup>, Chamaesyce amplexicaulis<\/em>1<\/sup>, Croton lucidus<\/em>1<\/sup>, Croton sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Euphorbiaceae heterophylla<\/em>1<\/sup>, Euphorbiaceae sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Euphorbiaceae nivulia<\/em>1<\/sup>, Euphorbiaceae pulcherrima<\/em>1<\/sup>, Excoecaria agallocha<\/em>1<\/sup>, Hevea brasiliensis<\/em>1<\/sup>, Hippomane mancinella<\/em>1<\/sup>, Jatropha curcas<\/em>1<\/sup>, Manihot sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Manihot esculenta<\/em>1<\/sup>, Pedilanthus sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Ricinus communis<\/em>1<\/sup>; Fabaceae<\/strong>: Acacia melanoxylon<\/em>1<\/sup>, Albizia stipulata<\/em>1<\/sup>, Albizia sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Bahuinia variegata<\/em>1<\/sup>, Bauhinia sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Bauhinia pauletia<\/em>1<\/sup>, Bauhinia purpurea<\/em>1<\/sup>, Bauhinia sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Caesalpinia sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Caesalpinia pulcherrima<\/em>1<\/sup>, Caesalpinia crista<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cajanus indicus<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cajanus sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cajanus cajan<\/em>1<\/sup>, Canavalia microcarpa<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cassia alata<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cassia tora<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cassia occidentalis<\/em>1<\/sup>, Crotalaria usaramoensis<\/em>1<\/sup>, Crotalaria hirsuta<\/em>1<\/sup>, Crotalaria sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Delonix regia<\/em>1<\/sup>, Desmodium lasiocarpum<\/em>1<\/sup>, Enterolobium cyclocarpum<\/em>1<\/sup>, Erythrina subumbrans<\/em>1<\/sup>, Erythrina sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Erythrina poeppigiana<\/em>1<\/sup>, Erythrina lithosperma<\/em>1<\/sup>, Erythrina indica<\/em>1<\/sup>, Erythrina glauca<\/em>1<\/sup>, Galactia striata<\/em>1<\/sup>, Inocarpus fagiferus<\/em>1<\/sup>, Intsia bijuga<\/em>1<\/sup>, Lablab purpureus<\/em>1<\/sup>, Leucaena leucocephala<\/em>1<\/sup>, Lonchocarpus pentaphyllus<\/em>1<\/sup>, Macroptilium lathyroides<\/em>1<\/sup>, Mimosa pigra<\/em>1<\/sup>, Mimosa pudica<\/em>1<\/sup>, Phaseolus vulgaris<\/em>1<\/sup>, Pithecolobium saman<\/em>1<\/sup>, Prosopis sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Pueraria thunbergiana<\/em>1<\/sup>, Samanea saman<\/em>1<\/sup>, Sophora tomentosa<\/em>1<\/sup>, Wistaria<\/em> sp.1<\/sup>; Geraniaceae<\/strong>: Geranium <\/em>sp.1<\/sup>, Pelargonium radula<\/em>1<\/sup>, Pelargonium zonale<\/em>1<\/sup>; Gesneriaceae<\/strong>: Saintpaulia sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>; Heliconiaceae<\/strong>: Heliconia sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>; Hernandiaceae<\/strong>: Hernandia ovigera<\/em>1<\/sup>, Hernandia peltata<\/em>1<\/sup>; Lamiaceae<\/strong>: Ocimum gratissimum<\/em>1<\/sup>; Lauraceae<\/strong>: Cassytha filiformis<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cinnamomum camphora<\/em>1<\/sup>, Persea americana<\/em>1<\/sup>; Lecythidaceae<\/strong>: Barringtonia sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Barringtonia asiatica<\/em>1<\/sup>, Barringtonia thurstonii<\/em>1<\/sup>, Barringtonia butonica<\/em>1<\/sup>; Liliaceae<\/strong>: Aloe<\/em> sp.1<\/sup>, Asparagus officinalis<\/em>1<\/sup>, Asparagus sprengeri<\/em>1<\/sup>, Asparagus plumosus<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cordyline terminalis<\/em>1<\/sup>, Ophiopogon japonicus<\/em>1<\/sup>, Ophiopogon intermedius<\/em>1<\/sup>, Rhipogonum scandens<\/em>1<\/sup>, Sansevieria metallica<\/em>1<\/sup>, Sansevieria <\/em>sp.1<\/sup>, Yucca gloriosa<\/em>1<\/sup>; Lythraceae<\/strong>: Lagerstroemia indica<\/em>1<\/sup>, Punica granatum<\/em>1<\/sup>; Magnoliaceae<\/strong>: Magnolia grandiflora<\/em>1<\/sup>; Malvaceae<\/strong>: Abutilon hybridum<\/em>1<\/sup>, Abutilon sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Althaea officinalis<\/em>1<\/sup>, Bastardia vicosa<\/em>1<\/sup>, Ceiba sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Ceiba pentrandra<\/em>1<\/sup>, Dombeya sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Gossypium sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Gossypium hirsutum<\/em>1<\/sup>, Gossypium barbadense<\/em>1<\/sup>, Gossypium arboreum<\/em>1<\/sup>, Guazuma ulmifolia<\/em>1<\/sup>, Hibiscus sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Hibiscus syriacus<\/em>1<\/sup>, Hibiscus tiliaceus<\/em>1<\/sup>, Hibiscus sabdariffa<\/em>1<\/sup>, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis<\/em>1<\/sup>, Hibiscus mutabilis<\/em>1<\/sup>, Hibiscus manihot<\/em>1<\/sup>, Hibiscus esculentus<\/em>1<\/sup>, Malvastrum americanum<\/em>1<\/sup>, Malvaviscus arboreus<\/em>1<\/sup>, Ochroma <\/em>sp.1<\/sup>, Pachira insignis<\/em>1<\/sup>, Sida sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Sida acuta<\/em>1<\/sup>, Sterculia sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Thespesia sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Thespesia propulnea<\/em>1<\/sup>, Triumfetta semitriloba<\/em>1<\/sup>, Urena lobata<\/em>1<\/sup>, Vitis vinifera<\/em>1<\/sup>, Waltheria ovata<\/em>1<\/sup>; Marantaceae<\/strong>: Calathea zebrina<\/em>1<\/sup>, Maranta sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>; Meliaceae<\/strong>: Cedrela salvadorensis<\/em>1<\/sup>, Melia azedarach<\/em>1<\/sup>; Menispermaceae<\/strong>: Cissampelos pareira<\/em>1<\/sup>; Moraceae<\/strong>: Artocarpus heterophyllus<\/em>1<\/sup>, Artocarpus altilis<\/em>1<\/sup>, Ficus carica<\/em>1<\/sup>, Ficus palmata<\/em>1<\/sup>, Morus nigra<\/em>1<\/sup>; Moringaceae<\/strong>: Moringa oleifera<\/em>1<\/sup>; Musaceae<\/strong>: Musa sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Musa sapientum<\/em>1<\/sup>; Myrtaceae<\/strong>: Eucalyptus grandis<\/em>1<\/sup>; Nyctaginaceae<\/strong>: Bougainvillea sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cryptocarpus pyriformis<\/em>1<\/sup>; Ochnaceae<\/strong>: Lophira alata<\/em>1<\/sup>; Olacaceae<\/strong>: Schoepfia sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Oleaceae<\/strong>: Jasminum grandifolium<\/em>1<\/sup>, Jasminum sambac<\/em>1<\/sup>; Orchidaceae<\/strong>: Aerides<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cymbidium sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cypripedium sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Dendrobium <\/em>sp.1<\/sup>, Odontoglossum sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Orchis sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Paphiopedilum insigne<\/em>1<\/sup>, Phalaenopsis sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Renanthera sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Rhynchostylis <\/em>sp.1<\/sup>, Trichoglottis <\/em>sp.1<\/sup>; Pandanaceae<\/strong>: Pandanus sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Pandanus odoratissimus<\/em>1<\/sup>; Passifloraceae<\/strong>: Passiflora edulis<\/em>1<\/sup>; Piperaceae<\/strong>: Piper nigrum<\/em>1<\/sup>; Poaceae<\/strong>: Cenchrus ciliaris<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cenchrus glauca<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cymbopogon sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cynodon dactylon<\/em>1<\/sup>, Panicum sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>; Polygonaceae<\/strong>: Antigonon sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Antigonon leptopus<\/em>1<\/sup>, Coccoloba sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Polygala sancti-georgii<\/em>1<\/sup>, Polygala galapageia<\/em>1<\/sup>, Polygala andersonnii<\/em>1<\/sup>, Polygonum glabrum<\/em>1<\/sup>; Polypodiaceae<\/strong>: Niphobolus fissus<\/em>1<\/sup>; Portulacaceae<\/strong>: Portulaca sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Proteaceae<\/strong>: Grevillea heliosperma<\/em>1<\/sup>, Grevillea robusta<\/em>1<\/sup>, Persoonia sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>; Pteridaceae<\/strong>: Asplenium nidus<\/em>1<\/sup>; Pteridophyta<\/strong>: Neottopteris rigida<\/em>1<\/sup>, Nephrolepis davalliodes<\/em>1<\/sup>, Platycerium grande<\/em>1<\/sup>; Rhamnaceae<\/strong>: Colubrina arborences<\/em>1<\/sup>, Scutia pauciflora<\/em>1<\/sup>, Ziziphus sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Ziziphus jujuba<\/em>1<\/sup>; Rhizophoraceae<\/strong>: Bruguiera gymnorhiza<\/em>1<\/sup>, Rhizophora mangle<\/em>1<\/sup>; Rosaceae<\/strong>: Prunus sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Prunus persica<\/em>1<\/sup>, Pyrus sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>; Rubiaceae<\/strong>: Genipa sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Morinda royoc<\/em>1<\/sup>, Morinda citrifolia<\/em>1<\/sup>, Randia sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>; Rutaceae<\/strong>: Aegle marmelos<\/em>1<\/sup>, Atlantia citrioides<\/em>1<\/sup>, Balsamocitrus paniculata<\/em>1<\/sup>, Balsamocitrus chevaliere<\/em>1<\/sup>, Balsamocitrus dawei<\/em>1<\/sup>, Casimiroa sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Citrus aurantifolia<\/em>1<\/sup>, Citrus unshiu<\/em>1<\/sup>, Citrus sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Citrus sinensis<\/em>1<\/sup>, Citrus paradisi<\/em>1<\/sup>, Citrus maxima<\/em>1<\/sup>, Citrus macrophylla<\/em>1<\/sup>, Citrus limon<\/em>1<\/sup>, Citrus grandis<\/em>1<\/sup>, Citrus aurantium<\/em>1<\/sup>, Feronia limonia<\/em>1<\/sup>, Feroniella pentaphylla<\/em>1<\/sup>, Limonia glutinosa<\/em>1<\/sup>, Limonia acidissima<\/em>1<\/sup>, Micromelum minutum<\/em>1<\/sup>, Murraya exotica<\/em>1<\/sup>, Murraya paniculata<\/em>1<\/sup>, Murraya koenigii<\/em>1<\/sup>, Zanthoxylum sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Zanthoxylum martinicense<\/em>1<\/sup>; Salicaceae<\/strong>: Salix chilensis<\/em>1<\/sup>, Salix sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Salix babylonica<\/em>1<\/sup>; Santalaceae<\/strong>: Viscum sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>; Sapindaceae<\/strong>: Dodonaea viscosa<\/em>1<\/sup>, Litchi chinensis<\/em>1<\/sup>, Melicoccus sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Melicoccus bijugatus<\/em>1<\/sup>, Sapindus sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>; Sapotaceae<\/strong>: Pouteria obavata<\/em>1<\/sup>; Solanaceae<\/strong>: Capsicum annuum<\/em>1<\/sup>, Capsicum sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Capsicum frutescens<\/em>1<\/sup>, Cestrum diurnum<\/em>1<\/sup>, Datura metel<\/em>1<\/sup>, Lycopersicon esculentum<\/em>1<\/sup>, Solanum seaforthianum<\/em>1<\/sup>, Solanum wendlandii<\/em>1<\/sup>, Solanum torvum<\/em>1<\/sup>, Solanum sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Solanum erianthum<\/em>1<\/sup>, Solanum melongena<\/em>1<\/sup>; Strelitziaceae<\/strong>: Ravenala madagascariensis<\/em>1<\/sup>, Strelitzia sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>; Symplocaceae<\/strong>: Symplocos sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>; Ulmaceae<\/strong>: Trema guineensis<\/em>1<\/sup>, Trema micranthum<\/em>1<\/sup>; Urticaceae<\/strong>: Laportea sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Soleirolia sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>; Verbenaceae<\/strong>: Clerodendron thomsonae<\/em>1<\/sup>, Gmelina arborea<\/em>1<\/sup>, Lantana involucrata<\/em>1<\/sup>, Stachytarpheta sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>; Vitaceae<\/strong>: Cissus sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>, Vitis sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>; Zingiberaceae<\/strong>: Alpinia purpurata<\/em>1<\/sup>, Zingiber officinale<\/em>1<\/sup>; and Manoranjitham sp.<\/em>1<\/sup>.\u00a0 Pinnaspis strachani<\/em> may be spread long distances in the commerce of infested plants or plant parts.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u><\/strong>: Pinnaspis strachani <\/em>is widespread in Australasian, Oceanic, Afrotropical, Oriental, and Neotropical regions1<\/sup>.\u00a0 In North America it has been reported in Mexico, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas1<\/sup>.\u00a0 It is also present in Hawaii.<\/p>\n

Official Control<\/u>:<\/strong> Pinnaspis strachani<\/em> is listed as a quarantine pest by Honduras, Japan, New Zealand, and Taiwan3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

California Distribution<\/u>:\u00a0<\/strong> Pinnaspis strachani<\/em> has never been found in the environment of California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/u>:<\/strong>\u00a0 Pinnaspis strachani <\/em>was intercepted 1,401 times by California between January 1, 2000 and December 12, 2014.\u00a0 Interceptions are most common on plants and fruit from Hawaii, Florida, and Costa Rica.<\/p>\n

The risk Pinnaspis strachani<\/em> (lesser snow scale) would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction<\/strong>: Host plants are commonly grown as crops and ornamentals in California and Pinnaspis strachani<\/em> is likely to establish wherever they grow. The scale receives a High (3)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California.\u00a0 Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> Not likely to establish in California, or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/span><\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range:<\/strong> Pinnaspis strachani<\/em> is highly polyphagous.\u00a0 It is known to feed on hundreds of species of plants in at least 74 families.\u00a0 It receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the host range of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has a moderate host range.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has a wide host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> Scale insects have high reproductive rates and may disperse long distances when infested plants or plant parts are moved.\u00a0 They may also be spread by wind or by hitchhiking on plants, animals, or equipment.\u00a0 Pinnaspis strachani<\/em> receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the natural and artificial dispersal potential of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact:<\/strong> Pinnaspis strachani<\/em> is documented as a pest of many crops including citrus, olives, and cotton1<\/sup>.\u00a0 Known hosts also include grapes, Prunus<\/em> and avocado.\u00a0 The scale may lower yields in these crops and increase production costs by triggering new management programs.\u00a0 Pinnaspis strachani<\/em> is also listed as a quarantine pest by several of California\u2019s trading partners and therefore has the potential to trigger a loss of markets.\u00a0 It receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the criteria below. Score:<\/p>\n

A<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/span><\/p>\n

B<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/span><\/p>\n

C<\/strong>. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/span><\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact:<\/strong> Pinnaspis strachani <\/em>is not expected to lower biodiversity, disrupt natural communities, or change ecosystem processes.\u00a0 The scale may directly affect threatened or endangered species including Thelypodium stenopetalum<\/em> (slender-petaled thelypodium), Chamaesyce hooveri<\/em> (Hoover\u2019s spurge), Croton wigginsii<\/em> (Wiggins\u2019 croton), and Polygonum hickmanii<\/em> (Scott\u2019s valley polygonum).\u00a0 The scale is not expected to disrupt critical habitats.\u00a0 Pinnaspis strachani<\/em> may trigger new chemical treatments in agriculture and by residents who find infested plants unsightly.\u00a0 The scale may also significantly impact a wide variety of ornamental plantings and home\/urban gardens.\u00a0 Lesser snow scale receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

A. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B<\/strong>. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/span><\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D<\/strong>. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/span><\/p>\n

E<\/strong>. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/span><\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes one of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Pinnaspis strachani<\/em> (lesser snow scale):<\/strong>\u00a0 High (15)<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

–Low<\/strong> = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

–Medium<\/strong> = 9-12 points<\/p>\n

–High<\/strong> = 13-15 points<\/span><\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/strong> Pinnaspis strachani<\/em> has never been detected in the environment of California and receives a Not established (0)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included.<\/p>\n

–Not established (0)<\/strong> Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

–Low (-1)<\/strong> Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

–Medium (-2)<\/strong> Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

–High (-3)<\/strong> Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

The final score is the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: High(15) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncertainty: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Pinnaspis strachani<\/em> is commonly intercepted and presumably has remained undetected on other consignments.\u00a0 It may already be present in some localities in California or may have failed to establish.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Pinnaspis strachani<\/em> (lesser snow scale) has never been found in the environment of California and can be expected to have significant economic and environmental impacts if it were to establish here.\u00a0 An \u201cA\u201d-rating is justified.<\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1<\/sup>Miller, Dug, Yair Ben-Dov, Gary Gibson, and Nate Hardy.\u00a0 ScaleNet.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/scalenet.info\/catalogue\/Pinnaspis%20strachani\/<\/a><\/p>\n

2<\/sup>SEL Catalog query results: http:\/\/www.sel.barc.usda.gov\/catalogs\/diaspidi\/Pinnaspisstrachani.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

3<\/sup> USDA Phytosanitary Certificate Issuance & Tracking System (PCIT) Phytosanitary Export Database (PExD).\u00a0 https:\/\/pcit.aphis.usda.gov\/pcit\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\n
Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 1220 N Street, Sacramento, CA, 95814, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: A<\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Pinnaspis strachani (Cooley): Lesser Snow Scale Hemiptera: Diaspididae Pest Rating: \u00a0A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Pinnaspis strachani is frequently intercepted by CDFA.\u00a0 A pest rating proposal is required to support the permanent pest rating. History & Status: Background:\u00a0 Pinnaspis strachani is a highly polyphagous armored scale insect that feeds on … Continue reading Lesser Snow Scale | Pinnaspis strachani (Cooley)<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[18,5],"tags":[175,52,409,408],"class_list":["post-2619","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hemiptera","category-entomology","tag-hemiptera-diaspididae","tag-insects-and-mites","tag-lesser-snow-scale","tag-pennaspis-strachani"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-Gf","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":721,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=721","url_meta":{"origin":2619,"position":0},"title":"Pinnaspis uniloba (Kuwana): Unilobed Scale","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"April 7, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Pinnaspis uniloba (Kuwana): Unilobed Scale Hemiptera: Diaspididae Pest\u00a0Rating: \u00a0B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Pinnaspis uniloba is occasionally intercepted by CDFA and presently has a temporary rating of \u201cQ\u201d.\u00a0 A pest rating proposal is required to assign a permanent pest rating. 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