{"id":2381,"date":"2016-08-04T12:41:01","date_gmt":"2016-08-04T19:41:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2381"},"modified":"2022-05-16T10:12:47","modified_gmt":"2022-05-16T17:12:47","slug":"chrysodeixis-chalcites-esper-golden-twin-spot-moth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2381","title":{"rendered":"Chrysodeixis chalcites (Esper): Golden twin-spot moth"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"tomato-looper-by-Paolo-Mazzei-Bugwood\"<\/a>
\nCalifornia Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em><\/strong> (Esper): Golden twin-spot moth<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Lepidoptera: Noctuidae<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: A<\/strong><\/h5>\n
\n
PEST RATING PROFILE<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

May 6, 2015 the United States Department of Agriculture\u2019s New Pest Advisory Group (NPAG) distributed a one-page notice highlighting the risk posed by Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em>.\u00a0 A pest rating proposal is required to support its permanent pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em> is a highly polyphagous moth whose caterpillars primarily feed on foliage but may feed externally on fruit and internally in legumes1<\/sup>.\u00a0 In many countries it is considered one of the most important Lepidopteran pests2<\/sup>.\u00a0 It is an important pest of alfalfa, clover, corn, soybean, artichokes, tomato, sweet pepper, potato, other greenhouse and field fruits and vegetables, and ornamental plants2<\/sup>.\u00a0 Eggs are typically deposited one or two at a time on the leaves of host plants1<\/sup>.\u00a0 First instar larvae feed on the lower leaf surface1<\/sup>.\u00a0 Later instars web leaves together and skeletonize them before consuming entire leaves1<\/sup>.\u00a0 The last instar usually pupates on the underside of a leaf with folded edges but may pupate on fruit1<\/sup> or in soil2<\/sup>.\u00a0 Partial host lists have been compiled by NPAG<\/a>, CAPS<\/a>, and CABI<\/a>.\u00a0 Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em> is capable of long migratory flights and may be transported when infested plants or fresh plant parts are moved.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u><\/strong>: Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em> is widespread in Africa, the Middle East, India, and the Mediterranean2<\/sup>.\u00a0 Aided by wind it migrates to northern Europe2<\/sup>.\u00a0 It has been present in Ontario, Canada since 2008.\u00a0 The moth has also been found in greenhouses in Ohio, Colorado, Louisiana, North Carolina, and Oregon2<\/sup>. \u00a0CDFA\u2019s interception records indicate the moth may also be present in Hawaii and New York.<\/p>\n

Official Control<\/u><\/strong>: Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em> is listed as a harmful organism by Colombia, Costa Rica, Japan, and the Republic of Korea4<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

California Distribution<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em> has not been found in the environment of California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em> has been intercepted by CDFA 84 times.\u00a0 Interceptions have occurred on fresh herbs (oregano, basil, thyme, marjoram, saluyot, and ti leaves), cut flowers, and plants shipped from New York and Hawaii.\u00a0 At least some of these consignments originated in Israel.\u00a0 The moth was also found in one nursery inspection in Fresno County in 1990 (PDR 909394).<\/p>\n

The risk Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em> (golden twin-spot moth) would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction<\/span>:<\/strong> Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em> has established and is widespread in latitudes between 45\u02daN and 35\u02daS. This encompasses all of California and the moth is expected to be capable of establishing a widespread distribution in the state.\u00a0 It receives a High (3) <\/strong><\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California.\u00a0 Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/span><\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range<\/span>:<\/strong> Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em> is highly polyphagous and receives a High (3)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the host range of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has a moderate host range.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has a wide host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential<\/span>:<\/strong> Each female Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em> can lay up to 1,060 eggs1<\/sup>.\u00a0 The moths breed continuously throughout the year with 8 to 9 generations per year in Egypt1<\/sup>.\u00a0 They are strong migratory fliers1 <\/sup>and may also spread long distances when infested plants, fruit, or soil are moved.\u00a0 Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em> receives a High (3)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the natural and artificial dispersal potential of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact<\/span>:<\/strong> Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em> is likely to reduce crop yields in California.\u00a0 The caterpillars feed on the leaves and fruit of tomato and may reduce yield 10-15%2<\/sup>.\u00a0 It is expected to lower the value of fruit and nursery stock by feeding damage and contaminating it with its presence.\u00a0 Several of California\u2019s trading partners list the moth as a harmful organism so there could be disruptions to fresh fruit, cut flower, and nursery stock exports.\u00a0 Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em> receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the criteria below. \u00a0Score:<\/p>\n

A<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/span><\/p>\n

B<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/span><\/p>\n

C<\/strong>. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/span><\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact<\/span>:<\/strong> Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em> is not expected to lower biodiversity, disrupt natural communities, or change ecosystem processes.\u00a0 It may feed on threatened and endangered species such as showy Indian clover (Trifolium amoenum<\/em>), Pacific Grove clover (Trifolium polyodon<\/em>), and Monterey clover (Trifolium trichocalyx<\/em>).\u00a0 The moth is not expected to disrupt critical habitats.\u00a0 It may trigger new chemical treatment programs in agriculture and by residents who find defoliation unacceptable.\u00a0 Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em> receives a High (3)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

A. \u00a0The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B<\/strong>. \u00a0The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/span><\/p>\n

C. \u00a0The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D<\/strong>. \u00a0The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/span><\/p>\n

E. \u00a0The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes one of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em> (Golden Twin-Spot Moth):<\/strong>\u00a0 High (15)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

–Low<\/strong> = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

–Medium<\/strong> = 9-12 points<\/p>\n

–High<\/strong> = 13-15 points<\/span><\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information<\/span>:<\/strong> Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em> has never been found in California and receives a Not established (0)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included.<\/p>\n

–Not established (0)<\/strong> Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

–Low (-1)<\/strong> Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

–Medium (-2)<\/strong> Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

–High (-3)<\/strong> Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

The final score is the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: High (15)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncertainty: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Differentiation of Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em> and Chrysodeixis eriosoma<\/em> requires molecular analysis.\u00a0 It is possible that Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em> could be established in some states where Chrysodeixis eriosoma<\/em> is established.\u00a0 There have been no recent surveys for this pest in California so it might be present in some localities.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em> has not been found in California and is expected to have significant economic and environmental impacts if it establishes in the state.\u00a0 An \u201cA\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1<\/sup> Millar, Leah. 2013. NPAG Report Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em> (Esper): Goldwn twin-spot moth, tomato looper.\u00a0 http:\/\/www.aphis.usda.gov\/plant_health\/cphst\/npag\/downloads\/Chrysodeixis_chalcitesNPAG_Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

2<\/sup> CAPS Factsheet Chrysodeixis chalcites.\u00a0 https:\/\/caps.ceris.purdue.edu\/webfm_send\/2046<\/a><\/p>\n

3<\/sup> CABI Invasive Species Compendium.\u00a0 Datasheet: Chrysodeixis chalcites<\/em> (golden twin-spot moth). http:\/\/www.cabi.org\/isc\/datasheet\/13243<\/a><\/p>\n

4<\/sup> USDA Phytosanitary Certificate Issuance & Tracking System (PCIT) Phytosanitary Export Database (PExD).\u00a0 https:\/\/pcit.aphis.usda.gov\/pcit\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\n
Responsible Party:<\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 1220 N Street, Sacramento, CA, 95814, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment<\/span>:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: A<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Chrysodeixis chalcites (Esper): Golden twin-spot moth Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Pest Rating: A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: May 6, 2015 the United States Department of Agriculture\u2019s New Pest Advisory Group (NPAG) distributed a one-page notice highlighting the risk posed by Chrysodeixis chalcites.\u00a0 A pest rating proposal is required to support its permanent … Continue reading Chrysodeixis chalcites (Esper): Golden twin-spot moth<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[5,23],"tags":[383,52,287],"class_list":["post-2381","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-entomology","category-lepidoptera","tag-chrysodeixis-chalcites","tag-insects-and-mites","tag-lepidoptera"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-Cp","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":6473,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=6473","url_meta":{"origin":2381,"position":0},"title":"Arcola malloi (Pastrana): Alligatorweed stem borer moth","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"September 27, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Arcola malloi (Pastrana): Alligatorweed stem borer moth Lepidoptera: PyralidaePest Rating: D download pest rating *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by ka","rel":"","context":"In "D-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"D-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=673"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8123,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=8123","url_meta":{"origin":2381,"position":1},"title":"Choreutis cf. emplecta (Turner): a moth","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"February 19, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Choreutis cf. emplecta (Turner): a mothPest Rating: C DOWNLOAD PEST RATING *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "C-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"C-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=671"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":8885,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=8885","url_meta":{"origin":2381,"position":2},"title":"Cydalima perspectalis (Walker): box tree moth","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"September 7, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Cydalima perspectalis (Walker): box tree mothPest Rating: A download pest rating *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":9374,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=9374","url_meta":{"origin":2381,"position":3},"title":"Epiphyas postvittana (Walker): light brown apple moth (LBAM)","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"December 22, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Epiphyas postvittana (Walker): light brown apple moth (LBAM)Pest Rating: C download pest rating *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "C-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"C-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=671"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3737,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3737","url_meta":{"origin":2381,"position":4},"title":"Operophtera brumata (L.) | Winter Moth","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"June 14, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Operophtera brumata (L.):\u00a0 Winter Moth Lepidoptera:\u00a0 Geometridae Pest Rating: \u00a0A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: In January 2013 USDA announced that Operophtera brumata, winter moth, was under consideration for deregulation at our ports.\u00a0 Stephen Brown (CDFA) recommended a rating proposal for the moth. History & Status:\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Insects, Mites & Earthworms"","block_context":{"text":"Insects, Mites & Earthworms","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=5"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3020,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3020","url_meta":{"origin":2381,"position":5},"title":"Opogona sacchari (Bojer): Banana moth","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"December 21, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Opogona sacchari (Bojer): \u00a0Banana moth Lepidoptera:\u00a0 Tineidae Pest Rating: \u00a0C PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: February 26, 2014, USDA distributed a Deregulation Evaluation of Established Pests (DEEP) report proposing to change the status of Opogona sacchari, banana moth, from actionable to non-actionable for the United States.\u00a0\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Insects, Mites & Earthworms"","block_context":{"text":"Insects, Mites & Earthworms","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=5"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2381","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2381"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2381\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10389,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2381\/revisions\/10389"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2381"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2381"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2381"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}