{"id":2337,"date":"2016-07-27T14:50:18","date_gmt":"2016-07-27T21:50:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2337"},"modified":"2024-04-26T11:04:26","modified_gmt":"2024-04-26T18:04:26","slug":"peronosclerospora-philippinensis-w-weston-c-g-shaw-1978","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2337","title":{"rendered":"Peronosclerospora philippinensis (W. Weston) C. G. Shaw, 1978"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"peronosclerospora<\/a><\/strong><\/h5>\n
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Peronosclerospora philippinensis<\/em><\/strong> (W. Weston) C. G. Shaw, 1978<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: C<\/strong><\/h5>\n
\n
PEST RATING PROFILE<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Peronosclerospora philippinensis<\/em> was recently proposed by the USDA to be removed as a select agent from the 2016 updated Select Agents Registration List and Select Agent Regulations.\u00a0 Currently, the pathogen is not rated in California.\u00a0 Therefore, the risk of introduction and establishment of this pathogen in California is assessed and a permanent rating is proposed herein.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background<\/u><\/strong>: <\/u>Peronosclerospora philippinensis<\/em> is an oomycete pathogen that causes Philippine downy mildew disease.\u00a0 The disease is destructive mainly to corn in tropical Asia, endemic to the Philippines, and has also been reported from China, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan, and Congo, Mauritius, and South Africa (CABI, 2016; EPPO, 2016; Farr & Rossman, 2016). \u00a0The pathogen has not been reported within the USA (Farr & Rossman, 2016; USDA, 2013).<\/p>\n

In 2002, the USDA designated Peronosclerospora philippinensis<\/em> a \u2018select agent\u2019 deemed to be very damaging to susceptible maize and sources of resistance, if any, had not been established for U. S. maize varieties (USDA, 2013).\u00a0 However, on January 14, 2016, after its fourth biannual review, the USDA proposed to remove P. philippinensis<\/em> from the updated Select Agents Registration List and Select Agent Regulations.\u00a0 Removal of select agents, by the USDA, was based on either the absence of viable samples present in the U.S., no climate conducive to growth, or the availability of adequate treatments for the agents (USDA, 2016).<\/p>\n

Hosts<\/strong>:<\/em> Hosts include species within the family Poaceae.\u00a0 Zea mays<\/em> (maize) is the main host.\u00a0 Other hosts include, Andropogon sorghum<\/em> (Sorghum bicolor, <\/em>sorghum), Avenae sativa<\/em> (oats), Euchlaena luxurians<\/em>, Saccharum officinarum<\/em> (sugarcane), S. spontaneum <\/em>(wild sugarcane), Sorghum halepense <\/em>(Johnson grass), Zea mays<\/em> subsp. mexicana<\/em> (teosinte) (CABI, 2016; EPPO, 2016; Farr & Rossman, 2016).<\/p>\n

Symptoms<\/strong>: <\/em>Systemic symptoms are expressed in the first true leaf stage as stripes or overall yellowing of an entire leaf.\u00a0 Local symptoms are expressed as long chlorotic streaks with downy growth of conidia (spores) and conidiophores.\u00a0 This downy growth is the site of spore production and may be present on both upper and lower leaf surfaces, but is more common on the lower surface.\u00a0 Tassels may be malformed and produce less pollen, and ears may be aborted.\u00a0 Early infected plants are stunted and may die.\u00a0 Infected stems do not show external symptoms, but may be stunted (CABI, 2016). \u00a0The pathogen invades the stem, and becomes established in the shoot apex producing chlorotic areas, which are initially confined to the base of the lower leaf but later increase in size in succeeding leaves.\u00a0 The youngest leaf emerging from the whorl becomes completely chlorotic.\u00a0 The pathogen becomes established within seed, as mycelium in the pericarp layer, and also within the embryo and endosperm.\u00a0 However, no external symptoms on seed are expressed and seed quality is not affected (CABI, 2016).<\/p>\n

Disease cycle<\/u>:\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong>Although the Philippine downy mildew pathogen was reported to produce oospores (overwintering sexual spores) on corn leaf, there have been no subsequent reports.\u00a0 Even though the Philippine downy mildew pathogen was reported in 1967 to produce overwintering sexual spores (oospores), on corn leaf, there have not been any subsequent reports since then and therefore, the role of oospores has not been established in the life cycle or disease caused by this pathogen (USDA, 2013). Airborne conidia (spores) released from infected crops or weeds form primary source of inoculum for infection. Germinating conidia produce germ tubes which penetrate stomata of leaves.\u00a0 The optimum temperature for germination and germ tube growth is 18-30\u00b0C.\u00a0 Penetration is followed by invasion of the mesophyll.\u00a0 Soon the disease becomes established and lesions are formed in leaves.\u00a0 Conidia are produced under night temperatures ranging from 21 to 26\u00b0C and free moisture.\u00a0 Moisture is critical for infection.\u00a0 Secondary infections occur that eventually result in the spread of the disease throughout an entire crop. \u00a0Seed transmission can occur at low rates from seeds harvested with higher moisture content (CABI, 2016).<\/p>\n

Dispersal and spread<\/em>:\u00a0<\/strong> Peronosclerospora philippinensis <\/em>is commonly spread by wind and rain.\u00a0 Production of conidia requires night temperatures ranging from 21 to 26\u00b0C and free moisture.\u00a0 Disease severity is highest in areas that receive 39-78 inches of rain annually and in tropical climates. \u00a0The pathogen is dispersed short distances by wind.\u00a0 Although the pathogen is present within infected seed, it has been demonstrated that once the seed or grain is dried to below 14% it will not produce an infected plant (Adenle & Cardwell, 2000; USDA 2013).<\/p>\n

Damage Potential:<\/em> <\/strong>Before resistant varieties became widely available in the Philippines, annual yield losses of maize were often 40 to 60%.\u00a0 Yield losses of sweet corn were 100%. Disease severity is highest in areas that receive 39-78 inches of rain annually and in tropical climates (USDA, 2013). \u00a0In California, the required warm temperature and long wet periods (heavy rain durations) for disease development and spread are not present.\u00a0 Therefore, the potential for damage caused by the pathogen to California\u2019s maize production, can be considered to be minimal, if at all.\u00a0 Furthermore, the pathogen is seed transmissible, but transmission will not occur once the seed has been dried to the moisture content required for storage.\u00a0 Seed treatments are available to eradicate the pathogen (CABI, 2016).<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u>:<\/strong> Asia<\/em>: China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand; Africa<\/em>: Mauritius, Congo, South Africa (CABI, 2016; Farr & Rossman, 2016).<\/p>\n

Official Control<\/u>:<\/strong> Presently, Peronosclerospora philippinensis <\/em>is on the \u2018Harmful Organism Lists\u2019 of the following countries: Colombia, French Polynesia, Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Morocco, Namibia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Peru, South Africa, and Timor-Leste \u00a0(USDA-PCIT, 2016).\u00a0 The USDA designated S. rayssiae<\/em> var. zeae<\/em> a select agent in 2002, however, on January 14, 2016, the USDA proposed to remove S. rayssiae<\/em> from the updated Select Agent Registration List and Select Agents Regulations (see \u2018Background\u2019).<\/p>\n

California Distribution<\/u>:<\/strong> Peronosclerospora philippinensis<\/em> is not present in California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/u>:<\/strong> \u00a0There are no reports of the detection of Peronosclerospora philippinensis<\/em> in plant and soil shipments imported to California.<\/p>\n

The risk Philippine downy mildew disease would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:\u00a0 <\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction<\/span>:<\/strong> Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

– Medium (2) may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

– High (3) likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/p>\n

Risk is Low (1):\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span>Peronosclerospora philippinensis is not likely to establish in California as the required warm temperature and long wet periods (12 hours or more) for disease development and spread are not present. <\/em><\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range<\/span>:<\/strong> Evaluate the host range of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> has a very limited host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Medium (2) has a moderate host range.<\/p>\n

– High (3) has a wide host range.<\/p>\n

Risk is Low (1):<\/em><\/strong> <\/span>The host range is limited to include species within the family Poaceae.\u00a0 Maize is the main host, cultivated sugarcane, oats, sorghum cultivars, and weedy grass species including Euchlaena luxurians, wild sugarcane, Johnson grass, and Zea mays<\/em> subsp. mexicana<\/em> (teosinte).<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0Pest Dispersal Potential<\/span>:<\/strong> Evaluate the natural and artificial dispersal potential of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1) does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2) has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

Risk is High (3):\u00a0<\/span> <\/em><\/strong>Under favorable wet conditions, <\/em>Peronosclerospora philippinensis has high reproductive potential.\u00a0 The pathogen is dispersed primarily through infected soil, plant debris, and maize seeds.\u00a0 Short distance spread is<\/em> by wind and rain splash or physical contact with infected plants.\u00a0 Long distance transmission by wind is reported to be unlikely.<\/em><\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact<\/span>:<\/strong> Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the criteria below. Score:<\/p>\n

A. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/p>\n

B. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/p>\n

C. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Medium (2) causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– High (3) causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/p>\n

Risk is Low (1):\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong><\/span>In California, the<\/em> required warm temperature and long wet periods (heavy rain durations) for disease development and spread of the pathogen, are not present, thereby, making it most unlikely for the pathogen to establish and cause infections to the State\u2019s maize cultivation. However, within contained and artificially controlled conditions as in greenhouses, it is possible for pathogen infections to occur. Seed transmission of the pathogen will not occur once the seed has been dried to the moisture content required for storage and the pathogen can be eradicated from seed through seed treatments<\/em>. The economic impact is therefore, regarded low.<\/em><\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact<\/span>:<\/strong> Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

A. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/p>\n

E. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes none of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Medium (2) causes one of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– High (3) causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

Risk is Low <\/em><\/strong>(1):\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong><\/span>No environmental impacts due to the pathogen are expected to occur in California.<\/em><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Brown stripe downy mildew of maize:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here. (Score)<\/p>\n

\u00a0 -Low<\/strong> = 5-8 points<\/span><\/p>\n

-Medium = 9-12 points<\/p>\n

-High = 13-15 points<\/p>\n

Total points obtained on evaluation of consequences of introduction to California = 7<\/strong><\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information<\/span>:<\/strong> Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included. (Score)<\/p>\n

-Not established (0)<\/strong> Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

-Low (-1) Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

-Medium (-2) Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

-High (-3) Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Evaluation is \u2018Not established\u2019 (0):<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

7) The final score is<\/strong> the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: (Score)<\/p>\n

Final Score: <\/em><\/strong><\/span>\u00a0Score of Consequences of Introduction \u2013 Score of Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information = 7<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Uncertainty: \u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

None.<\/em><\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Based on the evidence provided above the proposed rating for Peronosclerospora philippinensis<\/em> is C<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

References:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

A<\/strong>denle, V. O., and K. F. Cardwell. 2000. \u00a0Seed transmission of maize downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi<\/em>) in Nigeria. Plant Pathology 49:628-634.<\/p>\n

C<\/strong>ABI.\u00a0 2016.\u00a0 Peronosclerospora philippinensis<\/em> (Philippine downy mildew) full datasheet.\u00a0 http:\/\/www.cabi.org\/cpc\/datasheet\/44646<\/a><\/p>\n

E<\/strong>PPO.\u00a0 2016. \u00a0Peronosclerospora philippinensis <\/em>(PRSCPH).\u00a0 PQR database.\u00a0 Paris, France: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization.\u00a0 http:\/\/www.newpqr.eppo.int.<\/p>\n

F<\/strong>arr, D.F., and A. Y. Rossman. \u00a02016.\u00a0 Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. \u00a0Retrieved January 28, 2016, from http:\/\/nt.ars-grin.gov\/fungaldatabases\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

F<\/strong>ry, W. E. and N. J. Gr\u0171nwald.\u00a0 2010.\u00a0 Introduction to Oomycetes.\u00a0 The Plant Health Instructor.\u00a0 DOI:10.1094\/PHI-I-2010-1207-01<\/p>\n

P<\/strong>ayak, M. M., and B. L. Renfro.\u00a0 1967.\u00a0 A new downy mildew disease of maize.\u00a0 Phytopathology, 57:394-397.<\/p>\n

U<\/strong>SDA.\u00a0 2013.\u00a0 Recovery plan for Philippine downy mildew and brown stripe downy mildew of corn caused by Peronosclerospora philippinensis<\/em> and Sclerophthora rayssiae<\/em> var. zeae, respectively.\u00a0\u00a0 http:\/\/www.ars.usda.gov\/SP2UserFiles\/Place\/00000000\/opmp\/Corn%20Downy%20Mildews%20Recovery%20Plan%20Revised%202013.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

U<\/strong>SDA, 2016.\u00a0 Stakeholder announcement: USDA proposes updates to select agents registration list and select agent regulations.\u00a0 USDA APHIS. Published January 14, 2016.<\/p>\n

U<\/strong>SDA PCIT.\u00a0 2016.\u00a0 USDA Phytosanitary Certificate Issuance & Tracking System.\u00a0 https:\/\/pcit.aphis.usda.gov\/PExD\/faces\/ReportHarmOrgs.jsp<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\n

Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/p>\n

John J. Chitambar, Primary Plant Pathologist\/Nematologist, California Department of Food and Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832. Phone: 916-262-1110, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: C<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Peronosclerospora philippinensis (W. Weston) C. G. Shaw, 1978 Pest Rating: C PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Peronosclerospora philippinensis was recently proposed by the USDA to be removed as a select agent from the 2016 updated Select Agents Registration List and Select Agent Regulations.\u00a0 Currently, the pathogen is not rated in California.\u00a0 … Continue reading Peronosclerospora philippinensis (W. Weston) C. G. Shaw, 1978<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1117,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[8,4],"tags":[46,380,45],"class_list":["post-2337","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fungi","category-plant-pathology","tag-fungi-2","tag-peronosclerospora-philippinensis","tag-plant-pathogen"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-BH","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2334,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2334","url_meta":{"origin":2337,"position":0},"title":"Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae Payak & Renfro 1967","author":"Admin","date":"July 27, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae Payak & Renfro 1967 Pest Rating: C PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae was recently proposed by the USDA to be removed as a select agent from the 2016 updated Select Agents Registration List and Select Agent Regulations.\u00a0 Currently,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fungi"","block_context":{"text":"Fungi","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2618,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2618","url_meta":{"origin":2337,"position":1},"title":"Boxwood Scale | Pinnaspis buxi (Bouche)","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"September 23, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Pinnaspis buxi (Bouch\u00e9): Boxwood Scale Hemiptera: Diaspididae Pest Rating: A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Pinnaspis buxi is frequently intercepted by CDFA.\u00a0 A pest rating proposal is required to support its permanent pest rating. History & Status: Background:\u00a0 Pinnaspis buxi is a widespread, polyphagous armored scale\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Hemiptera"","block_context":{"text":"Hemiptera","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=18"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1969,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1969","url_meta":{"origin":2337,"position":2},"title":"Plant Pathogens","author":"Admin","date":"May 13, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Plant diseases can be caused by several pathogenic microorganisms including fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids, phytoplasmas and plant parasitic nematodes. In California, several plant pathogens have evolved with native plants and consequently, caused little damage. However, many other pathogens are either not present or have only been newly discovered within the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Ratings"","block_context":{"text":"Ratings","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=333"},"img":{"alt_text":"Plant pathogens montage","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/plant-diseases-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/plant-diseases-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/plant-diseases-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/plant-diseases-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":9295,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=9295","url_meta":{"origin":2337,"position":3},"title":"Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) C.C. Tu & Kimbr. 1978 Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. 1911 Southern blight","author":"Heather.Martin","date":"December 9, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) C.C. Tu & Kimbr. 1978 Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. 1911 Southern blightPest Rating: C DOWNLOAD PEST RATING *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "C-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"C-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=671"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6740,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=6740","url_meta":{"origin":2337,"position":4},"title":"Monilinia fructicola (G. Winter) Honey 1928","author":"Heather.Martin","date":"January 21, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Monilinia fructicola (G. Winter) Honey 1928 Brown fruit rot Pest Rating: C download pest rating *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by ka","rel":"","context":"In "C-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"C-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=671"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6967,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=6967","url_meta":{"origin":2337,"position":5},"title":"Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter 1875 apple scab","author":"Heather.Martin","date":"March 19, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter 1875 Apple Scab Pest Rating: C download pest rating *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. 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