{"id":2292,"date":"2016-07-25T14:28:10","date_gmt":"2016-07-25T21:28:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2292"},"modified":"2022-05-16T10:05:05","modified_gmt":"2022-05-16T17:05:05","slug":"balclutha-rubrostriata-melichar-red-streaked-leafhopper","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2292","title":{"rendered":"Balclutha rubrostriata (Melichar): Red streaked leafhopper"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Balclutha rubrostriata<\/em><\/strong> (Melichar): Red streaked leafhopper<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Hemiptera:\u00a0 Cicadellidae<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: \u00a0A<\/strong><\/h5>\n
\n
PEST RATING PROFILE<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Initiating Event:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

In July 2014 USDA\u2019s New Pest Advisory Group (NPAG) distributed a report recommending that the status of Balclutha rubrostriata<\/em> (red streaked leafhopper) be changed to non-actionable for the entire United States.\u00a0 The species was first found in Texas in 2008 during a wood borer survey and is now widespread and abundant in that state and spreading into Louisiana.\u00a0 A pest rating proposal is needed to determine future direction.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 Balclutha rubrostriata<\/em> feeds on a wide variety of grasses and is sometimes considered a pest in grass crops because it negatively impacts seed production.\u00a0 Hosts include a variety of grass (Poaceae) species including rice (Oryza sativa<\/em>), sugarcane (Saccharum officianarum<\/em>), bluegrass (Bothriochloa<\/em> spp.), King Ranch bluestem (B. ischaemum<\/em>), Australian bluestem (B. bladhii<\/em>), and little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium<\/em>).\u00a0 It has also been found on sesame (Sesamum indicum<\/em> (Pedaliaceae)).\u00a0 This leafhopper may be a vector of sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma.\u00a0 The leafhopper has been found carrying the phytoplasma but it is currently unknown if the insect can transmit the phytoplasma to plants.\u00a0 Balclutha<\/em> adults, nymphs, or eggs are sometimes moved long distances by commerce in infested plants or as hitchhikers.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u><\/strong>: Balclutha rubrostriata<\/em> is known to be present in parts of North Africa, Asia, Oceania, the Caribbean, and the Middle East.\u00a0 In the United States it is present in Hawaii, Texas, Louisiana, Puerto Rico, and possibly Florida.<\/p>\n

Official Control<\/u><\/strong>: Balclutha rubrostriata<\/em> is not under official control in any other countries or states.<\/p>\n

California Distribution<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 Balclutha rubrostriata<\/em> has never been found in California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 In 2003 a single female Balclutha<\/em> sp. was intercepted on Malonggai leaves from Hawaii (PDR P205345) but could not be assigned a specific epithet.\u00a0 It is likely that eggs and nymphs are intercepted more frequently but also cannot be identified.<\/p>\n

The risk Balclutha rubrostriata<\/em> would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction<\/span>:<\/strong> Grasses are widespread in California and Balclutha rubrostriata<\/em> is expected to be capable of establishing where they grow. The leafhopper receives a High (3)<\/span> <\/strong>in this category.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California.\u00a0 Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/span><\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range<\/span>:<\/strong> The host range of Balclutha rubrostriata<\/em> is thought to be limited to a wide variety of grasses, including rice.\u00a0 The leafhopper receives a Medium (2)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the host range of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has a moderate host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has a wide host range.<\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential<\/span>:<\/strong> Leafhoppers are jumping insects with limited dispersal capabilities and most species have only one generation per year.\u00a0 However, Balclutha rubrostriata<\/em> has rapidly become abundant and widespread in Texas, demonstrating high reproductive potential.\u00a0 Furthermore, the insects may be transported long distances through commerce in infested plants.\u00a0 Balclutha rubrostriata<\/em> receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the natural and artificial dispersal potential of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact<\/span>:<\/strong> Balclutha rubrostriata<\/em> is known to lower yields in grass production and may be expected to increase production costs.\u00a0 Growers in Australia treat with dimethoate to control the leafhopper.\u00a0 However, despite its abundance the leafhopper has not yet emerged as a pest in Texas.\u00a0 Balclutha rubrostriata<\/em> receives a Medium (2)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the criteria below. Score:<\/p>\n

A<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/span><\/p>\n

B<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/span><\/p>\n

C. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes 2 of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact<\/span>:<\/strong> Balclutha rubrostriata<\/em> is not expected to lower biodiversity, disrupt natural communities, or change ecosystem processes. The leafhopper may feed on several species of native grasses that are listed as threatened or endangered species.\u00a0 The leafhopper is not expected to disrupt critical habitats.\u00a0 The leafhopper is likely to trigger additional private treatment programs in grass production where seed yield is important.\u00a0 Balclutha rubrostriata<\/em> is not expected to significantly impact cultural practices, home\/urban gardening, or ornamental plantings.\u00a0 Red streaked leafhopper receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

A. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B<\/strong>. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/span><\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D<\/strong>. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/span><\/p>\n

E. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes one of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Balclutha rubrostriata<\/em> (red streaked leafhopper):\u00a0 High (13)<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

–Low<\/strong> = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

–Medium<\/strong> = 9-12 points<\/p>\n

–High<\/strong> = 13-15 points<\/span><\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information<\/span>:<\/strong> Balclutha rubrostriata<\/em> has never been found in California and receives a Not established (0)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included.<\/p>\n

–Not established (0)<\/strong> Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

–Low (-1)<\/strong> Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

–Medium (-2)<\/strong> Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

–High (-3)<\/strong> Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

The final score is the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: High (13)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncertainty: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

CABI lists yam (Discorea<\/em> spp.), cotton (Gossypium<\/em> spp.), and corn (Zea mays<\/em>) as additional hosts of Balclutha rubrostriata<\/em> but this does not appear to be supported by literature.\u00a0 If these other crops are suitable hosts then the entry of this leafhopper to California could have additional economic and environmental impacts.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Red streaked leafhopper (Balclutha rubrostriata<\/em>) has never been found in California.\u00a0 If it were to enter the state, the leafhopper may have significant economic impacts on grass production, including rice.\u00a0 The leafhopper may also have significant environmental impacts including triggering new chemical treatments in grass industries and by feeding on threatened and endangered grasses.\u00a0 An \u201cA\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Newton, Leslie P.\u00a0 2014.\u00a0 NPAG Report on Balclutha rubrostriata<\/em> (Melichar): Red streaked leafhopper.\u00a0 New Pest Advisory Group (NPAG).\u00a0 Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory.\u00a0 Center for Plant Health Science & Technology.<\/p>\n

\n
Responsible Party:<\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 1220 N Street, Sacramento, CA, 95814, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment<\/span>:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: \u00a0A<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Balclutha rubrostriata (Melichar): Red streaked leafhopper Hemiptera:\u00a0 Cicadellidae Pest Rating: \u00a0A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: In July 2014 USDA\u2019s New Pest Advisory Group (NPAG) distributed a report recommending that the status of Balclutha rubrostriata (red streaked leafhopper) be changed to non-actionable for the entire United States.\u00a0 The species was first … Continue reading Balclutha rubrostriata (Melichar): Red streaked leafhopper<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[18,5],"tags":[367,369,368],"class_list":["post-2292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hemiptera","category-entomology","tag-balclutha-rubrostriata","tag-hemiptera-cicadellidae","tag-red-streaked-leafhopper"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-AY","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":5316,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5316","url_meta":{"origin":2292,"position":0},"title":"A Leafhopper | Paraulacizes irrorata (Fabricus)","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"April 30, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Paraulacizes irrorata (Fabricius): a leafhopper Hemiptera: Cicadellidae Pest Rating: A \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Paraulacizes irrorata is currently Q-rated.\u00a0 A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. History & Status: Background: \u00a0This is a large (~14 mm in length)\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2038,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2038","url_meta":{"origin":2292,"position":1},"title":"Halticus bractatus (Say): Garden Fleahopper","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"June 24, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Halticus bractatus (Say): Garden Fleahopper Hemiptera: Miridae Pest\u00a0Rating: \u00a0A\u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Halticus bractatus was recently intercepted by one of CDFA\u2019s border stations on outdoor plants from Florida.\u00a0 Although this insect is included on some old pest lists with a \u201cC\u201d rating, all PDRs\u2026","rel":"","context":"In 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