{"id":2148,"date":"2016-06-21T12:08:23","date_gmt":"2016-06-21T19:08:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2148"},"modified":"2024-04-26T11:13:25","modified_gmt":"2024-04-26T18:13:25","slug":"phytophthora-quercina-t-jung-1999","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2148","title":{"rendered":"Phytophthora quercina T. Jung 1999"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Phytophthora quercina <\/em><\/strong>T. Jung 1999<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: B<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n
\n
PEST RATING PROFILE<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Initiating Event:\u00a0 <\/strong><\/h5>\n

On April 25, 2016, two soil samples with roots of valley oak (Quercus<\/em> lobata<\/em>) trees that showed symptoms of stunting in a restoration site in Santa Clara County, were collected by Santa Clara County Agricultural officials and sent to the CDFA Plant Pathology Laboratory, for diagnosis.\u00a0 DNA was extracted from soil baits and determined to be 100% similar to the pathogen, Phytophthora quercina<\/em>, by Suzanne Rooney-Latham, CDFA plant pathologist.\u00a0 \u00a0DNA samples were sent by CDFA to the USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST Laboratory in Beltsville, Maryland, and on June 10, 2016, USDA confirmed the identity of P. quercina<\/em>.\u00a0 This detection marked the first confirmed presence and new record of the pathogen in the United States (USDA APHIS PPQ, 2016).\u00a0 Currently, P. quercina<\/em> has a temporary \u2018Q\u2019 rating in California.\u00a0 The risk of introduction and establishment of this pathogen in California is assessed and a permanent rating is proposed herein.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background:<\/u><\/strong> Oak decline is a serious and frequently recurring disease in Europe since the beginning of the twentieth century (Jung et al.,<\/em> 1999).\u00a0 During the early 1990s, several Phytophthora<\/em> spp. including a newly described P. quercina<\/em> were found to be associated with oak decline and root rot in central and southern Europe.\u00a0 In pathogenicity tests on oak, Quercus robur, P. quercina<\/em> was found to be most pathogenic in comparison to the other associated Phytophthora<\/em> species (Jung et al<\/em>., 1999).\u00a0 Subsequent reports associated P. quercina<\/em> with oak decline from Turkey, Austria, and Italy (Balc\u00fd & Halmschlager, 2002a, 2002b; Vettraino et al.,<\/em> 2002).\u00a0 Phytophthora quercina<\/em> is an oomycete, and Cooke et al<\/em>, (1999) provided molecular evidence that verified P. quercina<\/em> as a distinct species.<\/p>\n

Phytophthora quercina<\/em> was recently detected in soil samples obtained from the root zone area of diseased valley oak trees grown at a California restoration site.\u00a0 The USDA marked this detection as the first known confirmation of the pathogen in the United States.\u00a0 Details are given above in \u201cInitiating Event\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0 The species was reported in 2007 on being detected in a soil bait around a declining oak tree in Central Missouri (Schwingle et al.,<\/em> 2007), however, the identification was not confirmed by USDA APHIS and there have not been any further publications on the species in the USA (USDA APHIS PPQ, 2016).<\/p>\n

Hosts: Quercus<\/em> spp. (oak): Q. cerris, Q. hartwissiana, Q. frainetto, Q. ilex, Q. robur, Q. petraea, Q. pubescens, Q. suber,<\/em> and Q. vulcanica<\/em> (Balc\u00fd & Halmschlager, 2002a, 2002b; EPPO, 2016; Farr & Rossman, 2016; NPRG, 2010).<\/p>\n

Symptoms<\/em>: \u00a0Phytophthora quercina<\/em>, along with several other Phytophthora<\/em> species, occur in oak decline stands in Europe (Balc\u00fd & Halmschlager, 2002; Jung et al<\/em>., 2008).\u00a0 Above ground symptoms of oak decline include dieback of branches and parts of the crown, formation of epicormic shoots, high transparency of the crown, yellowing and wilting of leaves and tarry exudates from the bark.\u00a0 These symptoms are indicative of water stress and poor nutrition (Jung et al.,<\/em> 2008).\u00a0 Below ground symptoms in declining European oak species resulted in deterioration of oak fine roots, including a progressive destruction of the fine root system, dieback of long roots, and necrotic lesions on suberized and non-suberized roots.\u00a0 Although these symptoms occur in both healthy and declining oaks, the damage is generally more severe in declining oaks (Jung, et al<\/em>., 2008).\u00a0 The pathogen also causes abnormal root branching, and produces elicitins, viz.<\/em> toxic substances that induce wilting and yellowing and leaf necrosis in declining oaks (NPRG, 2010).\u00a0\u00a0 In pathogenicity test, P. quercina<\/em>-infected Quercus robur<\/em> (oak) seedlings with severe root rot showed wilting and necrosis of leaves, root necrosis and dieback of the shoot. Under natural conditions, mature Q. robur<\/em> trees showed reductions in fine root length (Jung et al.,<\/em> 1999).<\/p>\n

Damage Potential<\/em>:\u00a0 The extent of damage caused by Phytophthora quercina<\/em> has not been reported.\u00a0 Several Phytophthora<\/em> species including P. quercina<\/em> are associated with oak decline disease.\u00a0 However, P. quercina<\/em> has been shown to be pathogenic to some European Quercus<\/em> species, such as Q. robur<\/em> (Jung et al<\/em>., 1999), and to be one of the most aggressive and most common species found in reported surveys in Europe (Jung et al<\/em>., 1999, 2008; Balc\u00fd and Halmschlager 2002a, 2002b).\u00a0 In Italy, P. quercina<\/em> was the only species significantly associated with declining oak trees (Vettraino et al.,<\/em> 2002).<\/p>\n

Disease Cycle<\/em>: Although present in roots and rhizosphere soil of oaks exhibiting symptoms of oak decline, the precise role of Phytophthora quercina<\/em> in this disease is not known and very little is known about its biology.\u00a0 Jung et al.<\/em> (2008), reported that at least two different complex diseases are referred to as \u2018oak decline\u2019.\u00a0 On sites with a mean soil pH 3.5 or greater and sandy-loam to clayey soil texture, Phytophthora<\/em> species were commonly isolated from rhizosphere soil, and highly significant correlations existed between crown transparency and various root parameters.\u00a0 However, in sites with a mean soil pH less than 3.9 and sandy to sandy-loam soils, Phytophthora<\/em> species were not found. Biotic and abiotic stress factors such as drought and frost, may often act synergistically and accelerate Phytophthora<\/em>-mediated decline of oaks.<\/p>\n

Generally, species of Phytophthora<\/em> that cause root and stem rots survive cold winters or hot and dry summers as thick-walled, resting spores (oospores and chlamydospores) or mycelium in infected roots, stems or soil.\u00a0 During spring, the oospores and chlamydospores germinate to produce motile spores (zoospores) that swim around in soil water and roots of susceptible hosts. The pathogen infects the host at the soil line causing water soaking and darkening of the trunk bark. This infected area enlarges and may encircle the entire stem of small plants which wilt and eventually die.\u00a0 On large plants, the infected, necrotic area may be on one side of the stem and become a depressed canker below the level of the healthy bark.\u00a0 Collar rot canker may spread down the root system. Roots are invaded at the crown area or at ground level.\u00a0\u00a0 Mycelium and zoospores grow in abundance in cool, wet weather causing damage where the soil is too wet for normal growth of susceptible plants and low temperatures (15-23\u00b0C) prevail (Agrios, 2005). Phytophthora quercina<\/em> is homothallic.\u00a0 Optimum growth in culture is at 20\u00b0C and 25\u00b0C, however, it is able to grow at temperatures as high as 27.5\u00b0C (Jung et al.<\/em>, 1999; Barzanti et al<\/em>., 2001).<\/p>\n

Transmission<\/em>: Like most Phytophthora<\/em> species, P. quercina<\/em> is soil-borne and water-borne and may be spread to non-infected sites through infected plants, nursery and planting stock, and seedlings, soil, run-off and splash irrigation and rain water, and contaminated cultivation equipment, tools, and boots.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u>:<\/strong> Asia<\/em>: Turkey; Europe<\/em>: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Luxemberg, Montenegro, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Scotland, United Kingdom: North America<\/em>: USA (California) (Balc\u00fd & Halmschlager, 2002a, 2002b; EPPO, 2016; Farr & Rossman, 2016; Jung et al<\/em>., 1999; NPRG, 2010).<\/p>\n

Official Control:<\/u><\/strong> Phytophthora quercina <\/em>is listed as an exotic forest pathogen in USDA APHIS PPQ Federal New Pest Response Guidelines for Phytophthora<\/em> species (NPRG, 2010).\u00a0 The species has been on the North American Plant Protection Organization (NAPPO) alert list since 2002.\u00a0 Currently, P. quercina <\/em>has a temporary \u2018Q\u2019 rating in California.<\/p>\n

California Distribution:<\/u> <\/strong>Phytophthora quercina<\/em> has been detected in a California native plant restoration site in a Santa Clara County.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/u>:<\/strong> None.<\/p>\n

The risk that Phytophthora quercina <\/em>would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host<\/span> Interaction<\/u><\/strong>:<\/strong> Evaluate and score the pest for suitability of hosts and climate to establish in California.\u00a0 Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1) <\/strong>not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2) <\/strong>may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

– High (3) <\/strong>likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/span><\/p>\n

Risk is <\/em><\/strong>High (3)<\/em><\/strong><\/span> \u2013 Although <\/em>Phytophthora quercina has been reported to be associated primarily with European oak species in Europe, its recent detection in valley oak rhizosphere soil extends the capability of this pathogen to be associated with California native oaks.\u00a0 Valley oak is endemic to California and present throughout the State.\u00a0 Thereby, making it likely for the pathogen to establish a widespread distribution in California.\u00a0 It is not yet known, but probable that other California native oaks may be affected by <\/em>P. quercina. <\/em><\/p>\n

2) Pest Host Range<\/u><\/strong>:<\/strong> Evaluate and score the pest as it pertains to host range.\u00a0 Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1) <\/strong>has a very limited host range<\/span><\/p>\n

– Medium (2) <\/strong>has a moderate host range<\/p>\n

– High (3) <\/strong>has a wide host range<\/p>\n

Risk is <\/em><\/strong>Low (1)<\/em><\/strong><\/span> \u2013 <\/em><\/strong>Phytophthora quercina has a host range limited to <\/em>Quercus spp. that includes <\/em>Q. cerris, Q. hartwissiana, Q. frainetto, Q. ilex, Q. robur, Q. petraea, Q. pubescens, Q. suber,<\/em> and<\/em> Q. vulcanica.\u00a0 In California, it was found to be associated <\/em>with Q. lobata.<\/p>\n

3) Pest<\/span> Dispersal Potential<\/u><\/strong>:<\/strong> Evaluate and score the pest for dispersal potential using these criteria.\u00a0 Score:<\/p>\n

– Low<\/strong> (1) does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– Medium<\/strong> (2) has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

Risk is High (3)<\/span> <\/em><\/strong>\u2013 <\/em>Phytophthora quercina is soil-borne and water-borne and therefore, primarily spread artificially via infested soils, plants, nursery and planting stock, seedlings, run-off and splash irrigation water, cultivation equipment and tools, and boots that may spread contaminated soil and plant materials to non-infected sites.<\/em><\/p>\n

4) Economic<\/span> Impact<\/u><\/strong>:<\/strong> Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the criteria below.\u00a0 Score:<\/p>\n

A. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/p>\n

B. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/p>\n

C. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes 2 of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/p>\n

Risk is <\/em><\/strong>Medium (2)<\/em><\/strong><\/span> – The extent of damage caused by <\/em>Phytophthora quercina has not been reported.\u00a0 Several <\/em>Phytophthora species including <\/em>P. quercina are associated with oak decline disease. In Europe, <\/em>P. quercina was most commonly associated with the disease than were other <\/em>Phytophthora species.\u00a0 The pathogen could impact nursery-produced oaks thereby triggering possible loss of markets and requiring changes in normal cultural practices to avoid spread of the soil and water-borne pathogen. \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

5)\u00a0Environmental Impact<\/u><\/strong>:<\/strong> Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.\u00a0 Score:<\/p>\n

A. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species<\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats<\/p>\n

D. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs,<\/p>\n

E. The pest could significantly impact cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact:<\/p>\n

– Low (1) <\/strong>causes none of the above to occur<\/p>\n

– Medium (2) <\/strong>causes one of the above to occur<\/p>\n

– High (3) <\/strong>causes two or more of the above to occur<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Risk is <\/em><\/strong>High (3<\/em><\/strong>)<\/strong> <\/span>\u2013 Phytophthora quercina is listed as an exotic forest pathogen in USDA APHIS PPQ Federal New Pest Response Guidelines for<\/em> Phytophthora species (NPRG, 2010).\u00a0 <\/em>The species has been on the North American Plant Protection Organization (NAPPO) alert list since 2002.\u00a0 Although the extent of damage potentially caused by this pathogen is not yet known, its spread within California could cause serious impact on native oaks, disrupt critical habitats by killing critical species necessary for species diversity and soil stability, necessitate official or private treatment programs to preserve critical, rare, or endangered species, and significantly impact cultural practices, home\/urban and\/or ornamental plantings.<\/em><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Phytophthora quercina<\/em>:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here<\/p>\n

Low = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

Medium <\/strong>= 9-12 points<\/strong><\/p>\n

High = 13-17 points<\/p>\n

Total points obtained on evaluation of consequences of introduction of Phytophthora quercina<\/em> to California = (12)<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

6)\u00a0Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information<\/u><\/strong>:<\/strong> Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included. (Score)<\/p>\n

-Not established (0) Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/p>\n

-Low (-1) Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

-Medium (-2) Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

-High (-3) Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Evaluation is Low (-1).<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Final Score<\/strong><\/h5>\n

The final score is<\/strong> the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: (Score)<\/p>\n

Final Score: <\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Score of Consequences of Introduction \u2013 Score of Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information =<\/strong> <\/span>11<\/span>.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Uncertainties:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

The extent of economic damage caused by<\/em> Phytophthora quercina is not known. Also not known is the exact role of the pathogen in oak decline disease, and details of the biology of the pathogen species. <\/em><\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Based on the evidence provided above the proposed rating for Phytophthora quercina is <\/em>B.<\/strong><\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

A<\/strong>grios, G. N.\u00a0 2005.\u00a0 Plant Pathology fifth edition.\u00a0 Elsevier Academic Press, Massachusetts, USA.\u00a0 922 p.<\/p>\n

B<\/strong>alc\u00fd, Y. and E. Halmschlager.\u00a0 2002a. First confirmation of Phytophthora quercina<\/em> on oaks in Asia.\u00a0 Plant Disease 86:442. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1094\/PDIS.2002.86.4.442C<\/a><\/p>\n

B<\/strong>alc\u00fd, Y. and E. Halmschlager.\u00a0 2002b. First report of Phytophthora quercina<\/em> in Austria.\u00a0 New Disease Reports volume 6, August 2002-January 2003. http:\/\/www.bspp.org.uk\/ndr\/jan2003\/2002-28.htm<\/p>\n

B<\/strong>arzanti, G. P., P. Capretti, and A. Ragazzi. 2001. Characteristics of some Phytophthora<\/em><\/p>\n

species isolated from oak forest soils in central and northern Italy.<\/p>\n

Phytopathologia Mediterranea 40(2): 149-156.<\/p>\n

C<\/strong>ooke, D.E.L., T. Jung, N. A. Williams, R. Schubert, G. Bahnweg, W. Oswald, and J. M. Duncan. \u00a01999. \u00a0Molecular evidence supports Phytophthora quercina<\/em> as a distinct species. Mycological Research, 103:799-804.<\/p>\n

E<\/strong>PPO.\u00a0 2016.\u00a0 Phytophthora quercina<\/em> (PHYTQU).\u00a0 New PQR database.\u00a0 Paris, France:\u00a0 European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization.\u00a0 http:\/\/newpqr.eppo.int<\/a><\/p>\n

F<\/strong>arr, D.F., & A. Y. Rossman. \u00a0Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. \u00a0Retrieved January 28, 2016, from http:\/\/nt.ars-grin.gov\/fungaldatabases\/<\/p>\n

Jung, T., D. E. L. Cooke, H. Blaschke, J. M. Duncan, and W. Oswald.<\/strong> 1999. \u00a0Phytophthora quercina<\/em><\/strong><\/strong> sp. nov., causing root rot of European oaks. Mycol. Res. 103: 785-798.<\/p>\n

J<\/strong>ung, T., H. Blaschke and W. O\u00dfwald.\u00a0 2008.\u00a0 Involvement of soilborne Phytophthora species in Central European oak decline and the effect of site factors on the disease.\u00a0 Plant Pathology, 49:706-718. DOI:\u00a010.1046\/j.1365-3059.2000.00521.x<\/p>\n

S<\/strong>chwingle, B. W., J. Juzqik, J. Eggers, and B. Moltzan.\u00a0 2007.\u00a0 Phytophthora<\/em> species in soils associated with declining and nondeclining oaks in Missouri Forests.\u00a0 Plant Disease 91:633. http:\/\/apsjournals.apsnet.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1094\/PDIS-91-5-0633A<\/a><\/p>\n

N<\/strong>PRG. \u00a02010. \u00a0New Pest Response Guidelines: Phytophthora <\/em>species in the Environment and Nursery Settings. USDA MRP APHIS PPQ Cooperating State Departments of Agriculture, July 09 2010. 229 pages.<\/p>\n

U<\/strong>SDA APHIS PPQ.\u00a0 2016.\u00a0 Email from J. H. Bowers, National Survey Coordinator National Policy Manager, Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey, USDA, APHIS, PPQ, PHP, to Nick Condos, Director, CDFA, sent Friday, June 10, 2016, 11:56 am.<\/p>\n

V<\/strong>etrraino, A. M., G. P. Barzanti, M. C. Bianco, A. Ragazzi, P. Capretti, E. Paoletti, N. Luisi, N. Anselmi, and A. Vannini.\u00a0 2002.\u00a0 Occurrence of Phytophthora<\/em> species in oak stands in Italy and their association with declining oak trees.\u00a0 Forest Pathology, 32:19-28.\u00a0 DOI:\u00a010.1046\/j.1439-0329.2002.00264.x<\/p>\n

Responsible Party: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

John J. Chitambar, Primary Plant Pathologist\/Nematologist, California Department of Food and Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832. Phone: (916) 262-1110, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment<\/span>:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: B<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Phytophthora quercina T. Jung 1999 Pest Rating: B\u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event:\u00a0 On April 25, 2016, two soil samples with roots of valley oak (Quercus lobata) trees that showed symptoms of stunting in a restoration site in Santa Clara County, were collected by Santa Clara County Agricultural officials and sent … Continue reading Phytophthora quercina T. Jung 1999<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1117,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[8,4],"tags":[156,45],"class_list":["post-2148","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fungi","category-plant-pathology","tag-fungus","tag-plant-pathogen"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-yE","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1590,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1590","url_meta":{"origin":2148,"position":0},"title":"Phytophthora tentaculata Kr\u00f6ber & Marwitz 1993","author":"Admin","date":"February 29, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Proposal for Phytophthora tentaculata Kr\u00f6ber & Marwitz 1993 Pest Rating: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event:\u00a0 During January 2016, samples of two diseased Diplacus hybrids (monkey flower hybrid varieties) and one of diseased Artemisia palmeri (Palmer sagewort) were collected by Kathleen Kosta, CDFA, from a nursery in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fungi"","block_context":{"text":"Fungi","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3162,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3162","url_meta":{"origin":2148,"position":1},"title":"Phytophthora parvispora Scanu & Denman, 2013","author":"Admin","date":"January 9, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Phytophthora parvispora \u00a0Scanu & Denman, 2013 Pest Rating: B\u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event:\u00a0 On August 19, 2016, non-official samples of pear baits of effluent collected from the bottom of four pots containing diseased Mexican orange blossom (Choisya ternata) plants, were sent by a private company\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fungi"","block_context":{"text":"Fungi","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":829,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=829","url_meta":{"origin":2148,"position":2},"title":"Phytophthora hedraiandra de Cock & Man in\u2019t Veld","author":"Admin","date":"April 9, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Phytophthora hedraiandra de Cock & Man in\u2019t Veld Pest\u00a0Rating: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Recently, Suzanne Latham, CDFA plant pathologist, detected Phytophthora hedraiaindra in Arctostaphylos pumila samples that were collected from a nursery in Monterey County during an inspection related to an earlier detection of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fungi"","block_context":{"text":"Fungi","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":9525,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=9525","url_meta":{"origin":2148,"position":3},"title":"Bretziella fagacearum (Bretz) Z.W. de Beer, Marinc., T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf. 2017 \u2261 Endoconidiophora fagacearum Bretz 1952 \u2261 Ceratocystis fagacearum (Bretz) J. Hunt 1956 = Chalara quercina B.W. Henry 1944 Oak wilt","author":"Heather.Martin","date":"February 3, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Bretziella fagacearum (Bretz) Z.W. de Beer, Marinc., T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf. 2017 \u2261 Endoconidiophora fagacearum Bretz 1952 \u2261 Ceratocystis fagacearum (Bretz) J. Hunt 1956 = Chalara quercina B.W. Henry 1944 Oak wiltPest Rating: A download pest rating *NOTE You must be registered and logged in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1006,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1006","url_meta":{"origin":2148,"position":4},"title":"Phytophthora siskiyouensis Reeser & E. M. Hansen, 2008","author":"Admin","date":"June 1, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Phytophthora siskiyouensis Reeser & E. M. Hansen, 2008 Pest Rating: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: \u00a0 In October 2014, Suzanne Latham, CDFA plant pathologist detected the oomycete, Phytophthora siskiyouensis which was isolated from a diseased alder tree with a bleeding trunk canker in Mill Valley,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fungi"","block_context":{"text":"Fungi","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3779,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3779","url_meta":{"origin":2148,"position":5},"title":"Phytophthora cambivora (Petri) Buisman 1927","author":"Admin","date":"June 29, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Phytophthora cambivora (Petri) Buisman 1927 Pest Rating: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: None.\u00a0 The current risk and status of Phytophthora cambivora in California are reassessed and a permanent rating is proposed. 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