{"id":212,"date":"2015-03-16T01:15:43","date_gmt":"2015-03-16T08:15:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=212"},"modified":"2022-05-16T09:27:31","modified_gmt":"2022-05-16T16:27:31","slug":"brachypeplus-basalis-erichson-a-sap-beetle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=212","title":{"rendered":"Brachypeplus basalis Erichson: A sap beetle"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/h5>\n
Brachypeplus basalis<\/em> Erichson: A sap beetle<\/h5>\n
Coleoptera: Nitidulidae<\/h5>\n
Pest\u00a0Rating: B<\/h5>\n
\n
PEST RATING PROFILE<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Initiating Event:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Brachypeplus basalis<\/em> has been found feeding on pollen and pollen substitutes inside beehives in California and other states several times since 2010 and is in need of a pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background:<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong> There is no information on the biology of Brachypeplus basalis<\/em>.\u00a0 Presumably, in Australia the beetle feeds on fungi and yeasts, but has also been found within beehives.\u00a0 The species has now been found feeding on pollen in beehives in the United States several times.\u00a0 Although pollen cannot be legally imported from foreign sources to feed bees, it can be imported for human consumption.\u00a0 From 2002-2011 honeybees could also be imported from Australia.\u00a0 It is likely that these beetles followed one of these pathways.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution:<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0Brachypeplus basalis<\/em> is native to Australia and has never been recorded in the environment of any other nation.<\/p>\n

Official Control:<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Brachypeplus basalis<\/em> is not known to be under official control in any other states or nations.<\/p>\n

California Distribution:<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0 Brachypeplus basalis<\/em> has been detected in beehives in Solano, Orange (unofficial record), Tehama, and Shasta counties.\u00a0 Brachypeplus basalis<\/em> has never been collected outside beehives in California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions:<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0 Brachypeplus basalis<\/em> has not been intercepted at the border stations.<\/p>\n

The risk Brachypeplus basalis<\/em> would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:<\/h5>\n

1) \u00a0Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/span><\/strong> \u00a0Beehives are found throughout California and are frequently moved. Brachypeplus basalis<\/em> is likely to establish in beehives throughout the state. The beetle receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1)<\/strong> Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.
\n\u2013 Medium (2)<\/strong> may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.
\n\u2013 High (3)<\/strong> likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

2) \u00a0Known Pest Host Range:<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Brachypeplus basalis<\/em> is currently only known to feed on pollen stores in beehives. The beetles receives a Low(1)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1)<\/strong> has a very limited host range.<\/span>
\n\u2013 Medium (2)<\/strong> has a moderate host range.
\n\u2013 High (3)<\/strong> has a wide host range.<\/p>\n

3) \u00a0Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0 The reproductive rate of Brachypeplus basalis<\/em> is unknown; however, that of other Brachypeplus<\/em> species indicates an average life cycle of 35 days (Cline et al. 2013) and suggests a multivoltine life cycle that is typical of other nitidulid species (Jel\u00ednek et al 2010). The beetles may travel long distances when beehives are moved, and are also capable of powered flight. The beetle receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1)<\/strong> does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.
\n\u2013 Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.
\n\u2013 High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

4) \u00a0Economic Impact:<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Brachypeplus basalis<\/em> has the potential to lower yield in beehives by robbing pollen stores. If severe, this could reduce the availability of beehives and have further economic costs to industries that rely on pollination services. \u00a0The sap beetles may increase production costs in beehives as beekeepers may treat the pests.\u00a0\u00a0The sap beetles may be injurious to agriculturally important animals (bees) by robbing pollen. Although the beetles are not under official control, their status as an emerging pest could lead to the establishment of quarantines in the future. \u00a0B. basalis<\/em> receives a High (3)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

A. \u00a0 The pest could lower crop yield.
\n<\/span>B. \u00a0 The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).
\nC. \u00a0<\/strong> The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/span>
\nD. \u00a0 The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.
\nE. \u00a0 \u00a0The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.
\nF.<\/strong> \u00a0 \u00a0The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/span>
\nG. \u00a0 The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.
\nspace<\/span>
\n\u2013 Low (1)<\/strong> causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.
\n\u2013 Medium (2)<\/strong> causes 2 of these impacts.
\n\u2013 High (3)<\/strong> causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/p>\n

5) \u00a0Environmental Impact:<\/span> <\/strong>\u00a0Brachypeplus basalis<\/em> may trigger additional treatment programs by beekeepers. The sap beetles receives a Medium (2)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

A. \u00a0 The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.
\nB. \u00a0 The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.
\nC. \u00a0 The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.
\nD<\/strong>. \u00a0 The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/span>
\nE. \u00a0 The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact. Score:<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low (1)<\/strong> causes none of the above to occur.
\n\u2013 Medium (2)<\/strong> causes one of the above to occur.<\/span>
\n\u2013 High (3)<\/strong> causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Brachypeplus basalis<\/em>: Medium(12)<\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Low = 5-8 points
\n<\/span>\u2013 <\/span>Medium<\/strong> = 9-12 points
\n<\/span>\u2013 High = 13-15 points<\/span><\/p>\n

6) \u00a0Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information:<\/span><\/strong> \u00a0Brachypeplus basalis<\/em> is only known from incursions in beehives; it has never been found in the environment. \u00a0However, there have been no formal surveys for the beetle. \u00a0The sap beetles receive a Not established (0)<\/span><\/strong> in this category.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Not established (0)<\/strong> Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span>
\n\u2013 Low (-1)<\/strong> Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).
\n\u2013 Medium (-2)<\/strong> Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.
\n\u2013 High (-3)<\/strong> Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

The final score is the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: Medium (12)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uncertainty:<\/h5>\n

It is possible that the presence of Brachypeplus basalis<\/em> may affect the markets for queen bee exports from California. There are stingless bees in California that could be negatively affected by the introduction of these beetles. There have not been any formal surveys for the sap beetles so they are likely much more widespread, perhaps across the entire United States. \u00a0If this is the case, it is possible that the beetle is already successfully managed by beekeepers and of no economic significance.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification:<\/h5>\n

Brachypeplus basalis<\/em> may have significant economic impacts but environmental impacts are likely to be limited to chemical treatment of beehives. \u00a0 A \u201cB\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

References:<\/h5>\n

Andy Cline (Andrew.Cline@cdfa.ca.gov)<\/p>\n

Cline, A.R., P.E. Skelley, S.A. Kinnee, S. Rooney-Latham, and P. Audisio. 2013. Multi-trophic interactions between a sap beetle, Sabal palm, scale insect, fungi, and yeast, as well as discovery of a compound with antifungal properties. PLOS-One. [In Review: MS# PONE-D-13-37799]<\/p>\n

Jel\u00ednek, J., C.E. Carlton, A.R. Cline, & R.A.B. Leschen. 2010. Nitidulidae Latrielle, 1802. Pp. 390-407. In Leschen, R.A.B., R.G. Beutel, & J.F. Lawrence (eds.) Handbook of Zoology. Volume IV. Arthropoda: Insecta. Part 38. Coleoptera, Beetles. 786pp.<\/p>\n

Responsible Party:<\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 1220 “N\u201d Street, Room 221, Sacramento, 95814, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov<\/p>\n

\n

\u00a0Pest Rating: B<\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Brachypeplus basalis Erichson: A sap beetle Coleoptera: Nitidulidae Pest\u00a0Rating: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Brachypeplus basalis has been found feeding on pollen and pollen substitutes inside beehives in California and other states several times since 2010 and is in need of a pest rating. History & Status: Background:\u00a0 There is … Continue reading Brachypeplus basalis Erichson: A sap beetle<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[15,5],"tags":[30,69,184,70],"class_list":["post-212","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-coleoptera","category-entomology","tag-a-sap-beetle","tag-brachypeplus-basalis","tag-coleoptera","tag-nitidulidae"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-3q","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2704,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2704","url_meta":{"origin":212,"position":0},"title":"Aethina tumida Murray: Small Hive Beetle (SHB)","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"October 13, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Aethina tumida Murray: Small Hive Beetle (SHB) Coleoptera: Nitidulidae Pest Rating: \u00a0B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: On September 12, 2016 Stephen Brown requested a rating proposal for Aethina tumida, small hive beetle. 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