{"id":1791,"date":"2016-04-12T14:44:06","date_gmt":"2016-04-12T21:44:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1791"},"modified":"2022-05-16T09:58:31","modified_gmt":"2022-05-16T16:58:31","slug":"ripersiella-hibisci-kawai-takagi-root-mealybug","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1791","title":{"rendered":"Ripersiella hibisci (Kawai & Takagi): Root Mealybug"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
\"Ripersiella<\/a>
Ripersiella hibisci<\/em>.
Photo credit: Alessandra Rung, Scale Insects, USDA APHIS ITP, Bugwood.org<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
Ripersiella hibisci<\/em><\/strong> (Kawai & Takagi): Root Mealybug<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Hemiptera: Rhizoecidae<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: \u00a0A<\/h5>\n
\n
PEST RATING PROFILE<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Ripersiella hibisci<\/em> is frequently intercepted by CDFA and is presently assigned a temporary rating of \u201cQ\u201d.\u00a0 A pest rating proposal is required to assign a permanent pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background<\/u>:<\/strong>\u00a0 Ripersiella hibisci<\/em> is a polyphagous mealybug that feeds exclusively on the roots of plants1,2<\/sup>.\u00a0 This mealybug inhabits the rootball or the area between the rootball and the plant container where it is difficult to detect1<\/sup>.\u00a0 Heavily infested plants show poor growth, wilt, and turn yellow or grey1<\/sup>.\u00a0 Plants may be prevented from flowering and eventually die1<\/sup>.\u00a0 Known hosts include:\u00a0 Amaryllidaceae<\/strong>: Crinum asiaticum<\/em>2<\/sup>; Apocynaceae<\/strong>: Nerium oleander<\/em>2<\/sup>; Araceae<\/strong>: Dieffenbachia <\/em>spp.2<\/sup>; Arecaceae<\/strong>: Areca <\/em>spp.2<\/sup>, Butia capitata<\/em> (PDR 1316475), Caryota<\/em> sp. (1075104), Chambeyronia macrocarpa<\/em> (1316833), Dypsis decaryi<\/em> (1253915), Gronophyllum <\/em>spp.2<\/sup>, Ptychosperma macarthurii<\/em> (1075011), Phoenix roebellenii<\/em>2<\/sup>, Phoenix canariensis<\/em>2<\/sup>, Ravenea rivularis<\/em> (1075143), Rhapis excelsa<\/em> (1040975), Rhapis multifida<\/em> (1308317), Rhapis <\/em>spp.2<\/sup>, Sabal <\/em>spp.2<\/sup>, Syragus romanzoffiana<\/em> (1122973), Wodyetia bifurcata<\/em> (1317460); Bromeliaceae<\/strong>: Cryptanthus <\/em>spp.2<\/sup>; Commelinaceae<\/strong>: Dichorisandra thyrsiflora<\/em>2<\/sup>; Cyperaceae<\/strong>: Carex <\/em>spp.2<\/sup>; Ericaceae:<\/strong> Rhododendron<\/em> sp.1<\/sup>; Geraniaceae<\/strong>: Pelargonium <\/em>spp.2<\/sup>; Lythraceae<\/strong>: Cuphea hyssopifolia<\/em>2<\/sup>, Punica granatum<\/em>1<\/sup>; Malvaceae<\/strong>: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis<\/em>2<\/sup>; Marantaceae:<\/strong> Calathea<\/em> sp.1<\/sup>; Moraceae:<\/strong> Ficus benjamina<\/em> (1230171), Ficus<\/em> sp.1<\/sup>; Oleaceae:<\/strong> Ligustrum ovalifolium<\/em>1<\/sup>; Poaceae<\/strong>: Hakonechloa macra<\/em>2<\/sup>; Rhamnaceae:<\/strong> Sageretia theezans<\/em>1<\/sup>; Rubiaceae<\/strong>: Serissa foetida<\/em>1<\/sup>, Serissa <\/em>spp.2<\/sup>; Solanaceae: <\/strong>bell pepper (Capsicum annuum <\/em>(58665)); Ulmaceae<\/strong>: Ulmus parvifolia<\/em>1<\/sup>, Zelkova serrata<\/em>1<\/sup>, Zelkova <\/em>spp.2<\/sup>; Zingiberaceae:<\/strong> Zingiber<\/em> sp. (1188341).\u00a0 Ripersiella hibisci<\/em> may be transported long distances when infested plants are moved.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u>:<\/strong> Ripersiella hibisci<\/em> is probably native to China or Japan.\u00a0 From there it has spread to Hawaii, Florida, and Puerto Rico2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Official Control<\/u>:<\/strong> Ripersiella hibisci<\/em> is listed as a quarantine pest by the European Union1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

California Distribution<\/u>:\u00a0<\/strong> Ripersiella hibisci<\/em> has not been found in the environment of California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/u>:<\/strong>\u00a0 Ripersiella hibisci<\/em> has been intercepted 275 times by CDFA on plants from Hawaii, Florida, Texas, and Arizona.\u00a0 Most interceptions have occurred on palms.<\/p>\n

The risk Ripersiella hibisci<\/em> (root mealybug) would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction<\/span>:<\/strong> Host plants for Ripersiella hibisci<\/em> are grown throughout most of California. As it feeds on roots below ground, the mealybug has some protection from temperature extremes.\u00a0 Root mealybug receives a High (3)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California.\u00a0 Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/span><\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range<\/span>:<\/strong> Ripersiella hibisci<\/em> is known to feed on at least 40 species of plants in 20 families.\u00a0 It receives a High (3)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the host range of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has a moderate host range.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has a wide host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential<\/span>:<\/strong> Mealybugs are capable of rapid reproduction and can be transported long distances when infested plants or fresh plant parts are moved.\u00a0 Ripersiella hibisci<\/em> may also disperse locally by the crawlers being flushed out of plant pots when the plants are watered, then crawling into adjacent plant pots through drainage holes in their bases; also through wind, or by hitchhiking on clothing, equipment, or animals1<\/sup>.\u00a0 Its cryptic habits mean that root mealybug may easily be dispersed by trade in infested plants without being detected.\u00a0 Ripersiella hibisci<\/em> receives a High (3)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the natural and artificial dispersal potential of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact<\/span>:<\/strong> Ripersiella hibisci<\/em> is likely to lower the value of nursery stock by disfiguring plants or reducing plant quality.\u00a0 It is also likely to increase production costs of nursery stock.\u00a0 Root mealybug may also disrupt markets.\u00a0 Ripersiella hibisci<\/em> receives a Medium (2)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the criteria below. Score:<\/p>\n

A. The pest could lower crop yield.<\/p>\n

B<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/span><\/p>\n

C<\/strong>. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/span><\/p>\n

D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes 2 of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact<\/span>:<\/strong> Ripersiella hibisci<\/em> is not expected to lower biodiversity, disrupt natural communities, or change ecosystem processes.\u00a0 It may feed on threatened or endangered plants such as white sedge (Carex albida<\/em>) and Tompkins\u2019s sedge (Carex tompkinsii<\/em>).\u00a0 Root mealybug is not expected to disrupt critical habitats.\u00a0 It may trigger treatment programs in the nursery industry and urban areas.\u00a0 Host plants of Ripersiella hibisci<\/em> are widely grown as ornamentals in California and may be significantly impacted.\u00a0 The mealybug receives a High (3)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

A. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B<\/strong>. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/span><\/p>\n

C. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D<\/strong>. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/span><\/p>\n

E<\/strong>. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/span><\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes one of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Ripersiella hibisci<\/em> (root mealybug):<\/strong>\u00a0 High (14)<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

–Low<\/strong> = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

–Medium<\/strong> = 9-12 points<\/p>\n

–High<\/strong> = 13-15 points<\/span><\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information<\/span>:<\/strong> Ripersiella hibisci<\/em> has never been found in California and receives a Not established (0)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included.<\/p>\n

–Not established (0)<\/strong> Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

–Low (-1)<\/strong> Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

–Medium (-2)<\/strong> Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

–High (-3)<\/strong> Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

The final score is the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: High (14)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncertainty: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Interceptions of Ripersiella hibisci<\/em> by both California and Europe have yielded many new host records.\u00a0 It is likely that the host range of this mealybug will continue to expand.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Ripersiella hibisci<\/em> has never been found in California and is likely to have significant economic and environmental impacts if it were to establish in the state.\u00a0 An \u201cA\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1<\/sup> MacLeod, A. 2005.\u00a0 Rhizoecus hibisci<\/em>. Data sheets on quarantine pests. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization.\u00a0 http:\/\/www.eppo.int\/QUARANTINE\/insects\/Rhizoecus_hibisci\/DS_Rhizoecus_hibisci.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

2<\/sup> Miller, Dug, Yair Ben-Dov, Gary Gibson, and Nate Hardy.\u00a0 ScaleNet.\u00a0 http:\/\/scalenet.info\/validname\/Ripersiella\/hibisci\/<\/p>\n

\n
Responsible Party:<\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 1220 N Street, Sacramento, CA, 95814, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment<\/span>:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: \u00a0A<\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Ripersiella hibisci (Kawai & Takagi): Root Mealybug Hemiptera: Rhizoecidae Pest Rating: \u00a0A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Ripersiella hibisci is frequently intercepted by CDFA and is presently assigned a temporary rating of \u201cQ\u201d.\u00a0 A pest rating proposal is required to assign a permanent pest rating. History & Status: Background:\u00a0 Ripersiella hibisci … Continue reading Ripersiella hibisci (Kawai & Takagi): Root Mealybug<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[18,5],"tags":[314,52,316,315],"class_list":["post-1791","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hemiptera","category-entomology","tag-hemiptera-rhizoecidae","tag-insects-and-mites","tag-ripersiella-hibisci","tag-root-mealybug"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-sT","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":9430,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=9430","url_meta":{"origin":1791,"position":0},"title":"Rhizoecus americanus (Hambleton): root mealybug","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"January 6, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Rhizoecus americanus (Hambleton): root mealybugPest Rating: A download pest rating *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. 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Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":9394,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=9394","url_meta":{"origin":1791,"position":2},"title":"Geococcus coffeae Green: coffee root mealybug","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"December 30, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Geococcus coffeae Green: coffee root mealybugPest Rating: A download pest rating Profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7366,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=7366","url_meta":{"origin":1791,"position":3},"title":"Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell): striped mealybug Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"July 17, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell): striped mealybug Pest Rating: A download pest rating *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. 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