{"id":1621,"date":"2016-03-01T12:58:15","date_gmt":"2016-03-01T20:58:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1621"},"modified":"2022-05-16T09:52:39","modified_gmt":"2022-05-16T16:52:39","slug":"paraleyrodes-bondari-peracchi-bondars-nesting-whitefly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1621","title":{"rendered":"Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi: Bondar\u2019s Nesting Whitefly"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Paraleyrodes bondari<\/em><\/strong> Peracchi: Bondar\u2019s Nesting Whitefly<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: \u00a0A<\/h5>\n
\n
PEST RATING PROFILE<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

On February 9, 2016 USDA announced that it had changed the status of Paraleyrodes bondari<\/em> from actionable to non-actionable based on a recommendation from the National Plant Board1<\/sup>.\u00a0 Stephen Brown subsequently requested a rating proposal for Paraleyrodes bondari<\/em>.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 Paraleyrodes bondari<\/em> is a whitefly that feeds on the upper and lower leaf surfaces of a variety of plants2<\/sup>.\u00a0 Infested plants develop a coating of sooty mold and strands of white wax2<\/sup>.\u00a0 Known hosts include Annonaceae:<\/strong> sugar apple (Annona squamosa<\/em>2<\/sup>); Arecaceae:<\/strong> coconut (Cocos nucifera<\/em>2<\/sup>), Chamaedorea<\/em> sp.2<\/sup>; Lauraceae:<\/strong> avocado (Persea americana<\/em>2<\/sup>), til (Ocotea foetens<\/em>2<\/sup>), canary laurel (Apollonias barbujana<\/em>2<\/sup>); Meliaceae:<\/strong> Trichilia<\/em> sp.2<\/sup>; Malvaceae:<\/strong> Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis<\/em>2<\/sup>); Moraceae:<\/strong> banyantree (Ficus benghalensis<\/em>2<\/sup>), weeping fig (Ficus benjamina<\/em>2<\/sup>), curtain fig (Ficus microcarpa<\/em>2<\/sup>); Myrtaceae:<\/strong> Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora<\/em>2<\/sup>), guava (Psidium guajava<\/em>2<\/sup>); Rutaceae:<\/strong> orange (Citrus sinensis<\/em>5<\/sup>), mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata<\/em>5<\/sup>), lemon (Citrus limon<\/em>5<\/sup>), Citrus<\/em> spp.2<\/sup>\u00a0 Paraleyrodes bondari<\/em> may be transported long distances when infested plants or fresh plant parts are moved.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u>:<\/strong> Paraleyrodes bondari<\/em> is Neotropical in origin2<\/sup> with a known range from Brazil to Honduras.\u00a0 From there it has spread to Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Taiwan, Comoros, Mauritius, Reunion, and Maderia2<\/sup>.\u00a0 It was first found in southern Florida by Stephen Brown in 20112<\/sup> and by 2012 had spread to six counties3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Official Control<\/u>:<\/strong> All citrus whiteflies are considered quarantine pests by the State of Arizona.\u00a0 Paraleyrodes bondari<\/em> is not known to be under official control in any other states or nations.\u00a0 However, Bermuda and Jordan both list all whiteflies as harmful organisms4<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

California Distribution<\/u>:\u00a0<\/strong> Paraleyrodes bondari<\/em> has never been found in California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/u>:<\/strong>\u00a0 Paraleyrodes bondari<\/em> has never been intercepted by CDFA.\u00a0 However, unidentified species of Paraleyrodes<\/em> were intercepted 39 times from 2001 to 2015 on plants and fresh plant parts from Hawaii and Florida.<\/p>\n

The risk Paraleyrodes bondari<\/em> (Bondar\u2019s Nesting Whitefly) would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction<\/span>:<\/strong> Host plants of Paraleyrodes bondari<\/em> are widespread in urban and rural residential areas of California and are important agricultural crops. The whitefly is likely to encounter suitable hosts through much of the state.\u00a0 The present distribution of Paraleyrodes bondari<\/em> corresponds with tropical climates.\u00a0 It is likely that the whitefly will be limited to warmer parts of coastal and southern California.\u00a0 Paraleyrodes bondari<\/em> receives a Medium (2)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California.\u00a0 Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/span><\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range<\/span>:<\/strong> Paraleyrodes bondari<\/em> feeds on at least eighteen species of plants in eight families including important crops and ornamentals.\u00a0 It receives a High (3)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the host range of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has a moderate host range.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has a wide host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential<\/span>:<\/strong> Whiteflies are capable of rapid reproduction and may be transported long distances by wind or when infested plants or fresh plant parts are moved.\u00a0 Paraleyrodes bondari<\/em> receives a High (3)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the natural and artificial dispersal potential of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact<\/span>:<\/strong> Paraleyrodes bondari<\/em> has not been documented reducing any crop yields.\u00a0 It may lower the value of nursery stock by disfiguring plants with its presence and sooty mold.\u00a0 Arizona considers all citrus whiteflies to be quarantine pests and Paraleyrodes bondari<\/em> has not been found in that state.\u00a0 Its presence in California could disrupt markets.\u00a0 Bondar\u2019s nesting whitefly is not expected to change cultural practices, vector other organisms, injure animals, or disrupt water supplies.\u00a0 Paraleyrodes bondari<\/em> receives a Medium (2)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the criteria below. Score:<\/p>\n

A. The pest could lower crop yield.
\nB<\/strong>. The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).
\n<\/span>C<\/strong>. The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).
\n<\/span>D. The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.
\nE. The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.
\nF. The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.
\nG. The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.
\n– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes 2 of these impacts.
\n<\/span>– High (3)<\/strong> causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact<\/span>:<\/strong> If Paraleyrodes bondari<\/em> were to establish in California it is not expected to lower biodiversity, disrupt natural communities, or change ecosystem processes.\u00a0 It is not expected to directly affect threatened or endangered species or disrupt critical habitats.\u00a0 It may trigger new treatment programs in groves, the nursery industry, and by residents who find infested plants unsightly.\u00a0 Hosts of the whitefly are popular as both ornamentals and in home\/urban gardens and may be significantly affected.\u00a0 Paraleyrodes bondari<\/em> receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

A. The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.
\nB. The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.
\nC. The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.
\nD<\/strong>. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/span>
\nE<\/strong>. The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/span><\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes none of the above to occur.
\n– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes one of the above to occur.
\n– High (3)<\/strong> causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Paraleyrodes bondari<\/em> (Bondar\u2019s Nesting Whitefly):\u00a0 High (13)<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

–Low<\/strong> = 5-8 points
\n–Medium<\/strong> = 9-12 points
\n–High<\/strong> = 13-15 points<\/span><\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information<\/span>:<\/strong> Paraleyrodes bondari<\/em> has never been found in California and receives a Not established (0)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included.<\/p>\n

–Not established (0)<\/strong> Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.
\n<\/span>–Low (-1)<\/strong> Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).
\n–Medium (-2)<\/strong> Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.
\n–High (-3)<\/strong> Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

The final score is<\/strong> the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: High (13) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncertainty:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

The whitefly has not been documented to reduce crop yields.\u00a0 However, populations in infested areas are suppressed by Encarsia variegata<\/em> (Aphelinidae)2<\/sup>.\u00a0 It is possible that this whitefly could be more damaging in California if it were to establish without this parasitoid.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Paraleyrodes bondari<\/em> has never been found in California and is expected to have significant economic and environmental impacts if it were to establish in the state.\u00a0 An \u201cA\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1<\/sup> Collins, Joe 2015.\u00a0 Letter from National Plant Board to Ricardo Valdez.\u00a0 https:\/\/www.aphis.usda.gov\/plant_health\/plant_pest_info\/frsmp\/downloads\/non-reg-pests\/pnr-12-21-15.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

2<\/sup> Stocks, Ian C. 2012. Bondar\u2019s Nesting Whitefly, Paraleyrodes bondari, a whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) New to Florida Attacking Ficus and Other Hosts.\u00a0 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Pest Alert DACS-P-01801.\u00a0 http:\/\/www.fortlauderdale.gov\/Home\/ShowDocument?id=4794<\/a><\/p>\n

3<\/sup> Distribution of Bondar\u2019s Nesting Whitefly, Paraleyrodes bondari. May 25, 2012.\u00a0 http:\/\/entomology.ifas.ufl.edu\/hodges\/white_website\/maps\/Whitefly_Bondars_Nesting_Map_8X11.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

4<\/sup> USDA Phytosanitary Certificate Issuance & Tracking System (PCIT) Phytosanitary Export Database (PExD).\u00a0 https:\/\/pcit.aphis.usda.gov\/pcit\/<\/a><\/p>\n

5<\/sup> Martin, J.H. 1996. Neotropical whiteflies of the subfamily Aleurodicinae established in the western Palearctic (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Journal of Natural History 30: 1849-1859. http:\/\/www.eurekamag.com\/002\/002903436.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

\n
Responsible Party:<\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 1220 N Street, Sacramento, CA, 95814, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: \u00a0A<\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi: Bondar\u2019s Nesting Whitefly Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae Pest Rating: \u00a0A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: On February 9, 2016 USDA announced that it had changed the status of Paraleyrodes bondari from actionable to non-actionable based on a recommendation from the National Plant Board1.\u00a0 Stephen Brown subsequently requested a rating proposal … Continue reading Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi: Bondar\u2019s Nesting Whitefly<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[18,5],"tags":[275,273,52,274],"class_list":["post-1621","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hemiptera","category-entomology","tag-bondars-nesting-whitefly","tag-hemiptera-aleyrodidae","tag-insects-and-mites","tag-paraleyrodes-bondari"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-q9","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":5071,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5071","url_meta":{"origin":1621,"position":0},"title":"Whitefly | Aleurotrachelus anonae","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"March 15, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Whitefly | Aleurotrachelus anonae Corbett Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae Pest Rating: A \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Aleurotrachelus anonae was recently reported to be established on the island of Hawaii.\u00a0 It is currently Q-rated, and a permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Hemiptera"","block_context":{"text":"Hemiptera","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=18"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2163,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2163","url_meta":{"origin":1621,"position":1},"title":"Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Spiraling Whitefly)","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"June 22, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Spiraling Whitefly) Hemiptera:\u00a0 Aleyrodidae Pest Rating: A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: \u00a0 In October 2013, USDA released a DEEP report proposing to deregulate Aleurodicus dispersus (spiraling whitefly).\u00a0 The insect is currently \u201cQ\u201d-rated by CDFA, so a pest rating proposal is needed to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Hemiptera"","block_context":{"text":"Hemiptera","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=18"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2713,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2713","url_meta":{"origin":1621,"position":2},"title":"Asiothrixus antidesmae (Takahashi): Whitefly [No Common Name]","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"October 13, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Asiothrixus antidesmae (Takahashi): Whitefly [No Common Name] Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae Pest Rating: \u00a0A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: In September 2016 the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) New Pest Advisory Group (NPAG) released a report on Asiothrixus antidesmae that recommended that USDA establish a non-reportable\/non-actionable port\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Hemiptera"","block_context":{"text":"Hemiptera","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=18"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":10935,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=10935","url_meta":{"origin":1621,"position":3},"title":"Aleuroclava aucubae (Kuwana): a whitefly","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"August 26, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Aleuroclava aucubae (Kuwana): a whiteflyPest Rating: C download pest rating profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "C-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"C-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=671"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":11075,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=11075","url_meta":{"origin":1621,"position":4},"title":"Singhiella simplex (Sing): Ficus whitefly","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"October 12, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Singhiella simplex (Sing): Ficus whiteflyPest Rating: C download pest rating *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by tn","rel":"","context":"In "C-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"C-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=671"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":9469,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=9469","url_meta":{"origin":1621,"position":5},"title":"Aleurotulus anthuricola Nakahara: anthurium whitefly","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"January 20, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Aleurotulus anthuricola Nakahara: anthurium whiteflyPest Rating: C download pest rating profile *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. 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