{"id":1590,"date":"2016-02-29T15:46:13","date_gmt":"2016-02-29T23:46:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1590"},"modified":"2024-04-26T11:14:56","modified_gmt":"2024-04-26T18:14:56","slug":"phytophthora-tentaculata-krober-marwitz-1993","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1590","title":{"rendered":"Phytophthora tentaculata Kr\u00f6ber & Marwitz 1993"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating Proposal for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Phytophthora tentaculata <\/em><\/strong>Kr\u00f6ber & Marwitz 1993<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: B<\/h5>\n
\n
PEST RATING PROFILE<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Initiating Event:\u00a0 <\/strong><\/h5>\n

During January 2016, samples of two diseased Diplacus<\/em> hybrids (monkey flower hybrid varieties) and one of diseased Artemisia palmeri<\/em> (Palmer sagewort) were collected by Kathleen Kosta, CDFA, from a nursery in Santa Clara County.\u00a0 The samples were processed and analyzed at the CDFA Plant Pathology Laboratory and Phytophthora tentaculata<\/em> was tentatively identified as the associated pathogen by Suzanne Rooney-Latham, CDFA plant pathologist.\u00a0 The identity of the pathogen was later confirmed by the USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST Laboratory in Beltsville, Maryland.\u00a0 The three afore mentioned plant varieties are new hosts records for P. tentaculata<\/em>.\u00a0 Several detections of this pathogen have been made in California during the past few years.\u00a0 Therefore, the current rating for P. tentaculata<\/em> is reassessed here.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background:<\/u> In 1993, Phytophthora tentaculata<\/em> was first isolated from roots and stems of greenhouse-grown Argyranthemum frutescens (syn. Chrysanthemum frutescens)<\/em>, Leucanthemum vulgare<\/em>\u00a0 (syn. C. leucanthemum)<\/em>, Delphinium ajacis<\/em>, and Verbena <\/em>sp. in nurseries in the Netherlands and Germany in 1993 (Kr\u00f6ber & Marwitz, 1993).\u00a0 Later, the pathogen was also reported from Spain (Moralejo et al<\/em>., 2004; \u00c1lvarez et al<\/em>., 2006), Italy (Cristinzio et al<\/em>., 2006; Martini et al<\/em>., 2009) and China (Meng & Wang, 2006; Wang and Zhao, 2014) after detection in nursery-potted and field-grown plants.\u00a0 In 2012, P. tentaculata<\/em> was first detected in North America, in sticky monkey flower, Diplacus<\/em> aurantiacus <\/em>(syn. Mimulus aurantiacus<\/em>) growing in a native plant nursery in Monterey County, California.\u00a0 Plant samples collected by Monterey County and CDFA staff were submitted to CDFA for analysis and the pathogen P. tentaculata<\/em> was identified by Suzanne Rooney-Latham and Cheryl Blomquist, CDFA plant pathologists (Rooney-Latham & Blomquist, 2014), and later confirmed by the USDA APHIS National Identification Services. The source of the Diplacus <\/em>(Mimulus<\/em>) plants was traced back to plants that were grown from seed and cuttings from a historical site in Monterey County.\u00a0 No Diplacus <\/em>(Mimulus<\/em>) plants had been shipped from the native plant nursery prior to the initial detection.\u00a0 Consequently, all positive Diplacus (Mimulus<\/em>) plants and materials were destroyed.\u00a0 The California detection marked the first detection on a native host, albeit in a native plant restoration nursery and a host that has a wide geographical native range in California.\u00a0 Since its initial Monterey County find, P. tentaculata<\/em> has also been detected in native plant nurseries in Placer, Butte, Santa Cruz, San Mateo, Orange, and Santa Clara Counties, and in out-planted nursery stock in habitat restoration sites in Alameda, Monterey, and Santa Clara Counties. The pathogen was detected and reported from several new hosts that are listed below (see \u2018Hosts\u2019) and include Artemisia douglasiana, A. californica, A. dranunculus<\/em>, A. palmeri<\/em>, Diplacus<\/em> x \u201cApricot\u201d, Diplacus<\/em> x \u201cRed brick\u201d, Monardella villosa, and Salvia <\/em>sp. <\/em>\u00a0Several of these detections were made during a 2014-2015 survey of California native plant nurseries and restoration sites conducted by the collaborative efforts of CDFA, USDA and a private research company.\u00a0 The survey resulted in the detection of P. tentaculata <\/em>in 8 out of 16 counties. \u00a0The origin of P. tentaculata<\/em> is unknown. \u00a0Presently in California, Phytophthora tentaculata<\/em> has only been detected in nursery-grown plants that were out-planted in the environment.\u00a0 The pathogen has persisted on those plants in the field for at least 4.5 years. Therefore, it is likely that in California, the pathway of pathogen spread is from infected nurseries to restoration field sites, and that the pathogen has been spread between and within nurseries by the use of infested pots and plants (Rooney-Latham, et al.,<\/em> 2015).<\/p>\n

Hosts<\/em><\/strong>: The currently known hosts are included in the plant families Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Phrymaceae,\u00a0 Ranunculaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rosaceae, and Verbenaceae.\u00a0 The host range includes the following plants, diseases and geographical locations:<\/p>\n

Apium graveolens<\/em> (celery); stem and root rot; China (Wang & Zhao, 2014).<\/p>\n

Argyranthemum frutescens <\/em>(syn. Chrysanthemum frutescens<\/em>) (marguerite daisy); root and stem base rot; Germany & the Netherlands; Root, collar & stalk rot (Kr\u00f6ber & Marwitz 1993).<\/p>\n

Artemisia douglasiana<\/em> (California mugwort); root rot; California, USA (Rooney-Latham, et al.,<\/em> 2015).<\/p>\n

Artemisia dracunculus<\/em> (tarragon); root rot; California, USA (Rooney-Latham et al<\/em>., 2015). Artemisia californica<\/em> (California sagebrush); root rot; California, USA (Rooney-Latham et al.,<\/em> 2015).<\/p>\n

Artemesia palmeri <\/em>(Palmer sagewort); root rot; California, USA (see \u201cInitiating Event\u201d).<\/p>\n

Aucklandia lappa <\/em>(rhizomatous medicinal herb); China; stalk rot & wilt (Meng & Wang 2008).<\/p>\n

Calendula arvensis <\/em>(field marigold) (Li et al<\/em>., 2011).<\/p>\n

Ceanothus cuneatus<\/em> (buckbrush); root rot; California, USA (Rooney-Latham et al<\/em>., 2015).<\/p>\n

Cichorium intybus <\/em>(chicory, endive); Italy; collar and root rot (Garibaldi et al<\/em>. 2006).<\/p>\n

Delphinium ajacis <\/em>(nursery stock); Germany & the Netherlands; root, collar & stalk rot (Kr\u00f6ber & Marwitz 1993).<\/p>\n

Diplacus aurantiacus <\/em>(syn Mimulus aurantiacus<\/em>) (sticky monkey-flower); California, USA.\u00a0 root and collar rot (Rooney-Latham & Blomquist, 2014).<\/p>\n

Diplacus<\/em> x \u201cApricot\u201d (Diplacus<\/em> hybrid variety); root and collar rot; California, USA (see \u201cInitiating Event\u201d).<\/p>\n

Diplacus<\/em> x \u201cRed brick\u201d (Diplacus<\/em> hybrid variety); root and collar rot; California, USA (see \u201cInitiating Event\u201d).<\/p>\n

Frangula californica (<\/em>syn. Rhamnus californica)<\/em> (coffeeberry); California; root and collar rot (Frankel et al<\/em>., 2015; NPAG, 2014).<\/p>\n

Gerbera jamesonii <\/em>(African daisy); Italy; Crown & stem rot (Cristinzio et al<\/em>. 2006).<\/p>\n

Heteromeles arbutifolia<\/em> (toyon) California, USA (Frankel et al<\/em>., 2015; NPAG, 2014).<\/p>\n

Leucanthemum vulgare<\/em> (syn. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum<\/em>) Germany & the Netherlands; Root, collar & stalk rot (Kr\u00f6ber & Marwitz 1993).<\/p>\n

Monardella villosa <\/em>(coyote mint); California, USA (Rooney-Latham et al<\/em>., 2015).<\/p>\n

Origanum vulgare <\/em>(oregano); Italy. \u00a0Leaf russeting & chlorosis, wilt, defoliation, twig dieback,basal stem rot, root rot, entire plant collapse (Martini et al<\/em>. 2009).<\/p>\n

Salvia<\/em> spp. (sage) California, USA (Frankel et al<\/em>., 2015; NPAG, 2014).<\/p>\n

Santolina chamaecyparissus <\/em>(lavender cotton); Spain; Root rot (Alvarez et al<\/em>. 2004).<\/p>\n

Verbena <\/em>sp. (nursery stock); Germany, Netherlands; nursery potted plant in Spain; root, collar & stalk rot (Moralejo et al<\/em>. 2004).<\/p>\n

Symptoms<\/em><\/strong>: \u00a0Depending on the host species, Phytophthora tentaculata<\/em> causes moderate to severe root and crown rot, and death in highly infected plants. The symptoms are not unique to P. tentaculata<\/em> by similar to infections caused by other Phytophthora<\/em> species, root and stem pathogens and drought.\u00a0 \u00a0According to Rooney-Latham et al<\/em> (2015) symptoms can vary in field-planted nursery stock.\u00a0 Infected sticky monkey flower plants are stunted, with dull yellowish leaves that turn red as the disease progresses.\u00a0 Roots and stem collars have necrotic, sunken lesions with few feeder roots and discolored leaves. In some cases, plants may exhibit poor growth and eventually collapse within their first season, while some plants may grow for a year or more before exhibiting severe dieback during hot summers. Transplanted infected Artemisia douglasiana<\/em> plants did not show dieback, but exhibited stunting and chlorosis more that 4.5 years after being out-planted (Rooney-Latham et al<\/em>., 2015; Frankel et al.<\/em>, 2015; Kr\u00f6ber & Marwitz 1993).<\/p>\n

Damage Potential<\/em>:<\/strong>\u00a0 Phytophthora tentaculata<\/em> causes moderate to severe root and crown rot on woody and semi-woody hosts.\u00a0 Introduction of P. tentaculata<\/em>-infected native plants to restoration sites could negatively impact native plants in their natural environment.<\/p>\n

Disease Cycle<\/em>:<\/strong> Generally, species of Phytophthora<\/em> that cause root and stem rots survive cold winters or hot and dry summers as thick-walled, resting spores (oospores and chlamydospores) or mycelium in infected roots, stems or soil.\u00a0 During spring, the oospores and chlamydospores germinate to produce motile spores (zoospores) that swim around in soil water and roots of susceptible hosts. The pathogen infects the host at the soil line causing water soaking and darkening of the trunk bark. This infected area enlarges and may encircle the entire stem of small plants which wilt and eventually die.\u00a0 On large plants, the infected, necrotic area may be on one side of the stem and become a depressed canker below the level of the healthy bark.\u00a0 Collar rot canker may spread down the root system. Roots are invaded at the crown area or at ground level.\u00a0\u00a0 Mycelium and zoospores grow in abundance in cool, wet weather causing damage where the soil is too wet for normal growth of susceptible plants and low temperatures (15-23\u00b0C) prevail (Agrios, 2005). Little information is known about the life cycle or biology of Phytophthora tentaculata <\/em>other than what was provided by the original species description by Kr\u00f6ber and Marwitz. The temperature range of the pathogen is 7\u00b0C to 32\u00b0C, the optimum temperature being 15\u00b0C to 25\u00b0C.<\/p>\n

Transmission<\/em>:<\/strong> Like most Phytophthora<\/em> species, P. tentaculata<\/em> is soil-borne and water-borne and may be spread to non-infected sites through infected plants, nursery and planting stock, seedlings, soil, run-off and splash irrigation and rain water, and contaminated cultivation equipment and tools.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u>:<\/strong> Asia: China; Europe: Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain; North America: USA (California).<\/p>\n

Official Control:<\/u> <\/strong>USDA lists Phytophthora tentaculata <\/em>in the top 5 Phytophthora <\/em>species of concern and threat to nurseries and forests in Federal New Pest Response Guidelines (USDA APHIS, 2010).\u00a0 USDA APHIS New Pest Advisory Group determined that P. tentatculata<\/em> is \u201cactionable and reportable.<\/p>\n

California Distribution<\/u>:<\/strong>\u00a0Phytophthora tentaculata<\/em> has been detected in native plant nurseries in Monterey, Placer, Butte, Santa Cruz, San Mateo, Orange, and Santa Clara Counties, and in out-planted nursery stock in habitat restoration sites in Alameda, Monterey, and Santa Clara Counties.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/u>:<\/strong> None.<\/p>\n

The risk that Phytophthora tentaculata <\/em>would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction<\/span>:<\/strong> Evaluate and score the pest for suitability of hosts and climate to establish in California.\u00a0 Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1) <\/strong>not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2) <\/strong>may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

– High (3) <\/strong>likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/span><\/p>\n

Risk is <\/em><\/strong>High (3)<\/em><\/strong><\/span> \u2013 To date, <\/em>Phytophthora tentaculata has been detected in native plant nurseries in eight counties and in habitat restoration sites (in out-planted nursery stock) in three of those eight counties.\u00a0 Several native plant hosts are widespread in California.\u00a0 Since the pathogen is known to attack many plants in the nursery trade, it is possible that the pathogen could appear and survive wherever nurseries, including native plant nurseries, are present in California.\u00a0 Therefore, there is the potential for this pathogen to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/em><\/p>\n

2) Pest Host Range<\/span>:<\/strong> Evaluate and score the pest as it pertains to host range.\u00a0 Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1) <\/strong>has a very limited host range<\/p>\n

– Medium (2) <\/strong>has a moderate host range<\/span><\/p>\n

– High (3) <\/strong>has a wide host range<\/p>\n

Risk is <\/em><\/strong>Medium (2)<\/em><\/strong><\/span> \u2013 <\/em><\/strong>Presently, 23 plant hosts belonging to 7 families have been reported.\u00a0 Of these, almost half the number of hosts have been reported from California, and are native to the State.\u00a0 While several new hosts have been reported after the initial detection of the pathogen in Monterey County, based on the present known host range, the risk of the pathogen is evaluated as medium<\/em>.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0 \u00a0Pest Dispersal Potential<\/span>:<\/strong> Evaluate and score the pest for dispersal potential using these criteria.\u00a0 Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1) does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2) has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

Risk is High (3)<\/span> <\/em><\/strong>\u2013 <\/em>Phytophthora tentaculata is soil-borne and water-borne and therefore, primarily spread artificially via infested soils, plants, nursery and planting stock, seedlings, run-off and splash irrigation water, cultivation equipment and tools that may spread contaminated soil and plant materials to non-infected sites.<\/em><\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact<\/span>:<\/strong> Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the\u00a0criteria below.\u00a0 Score:<\/p>\n

A. \u00a0The pest could lower crop yield.<\/p>\n

B. \u00a0The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/p>\n

C. \u00a0The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/p>\n

D. \u00a0The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. \u00a0The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. \u00a0The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. \u00a0The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

– Low (1) causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2) causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

Risk is <\/em><\/strong>High (3)<\/em><\/strong><\/span> – The presence of <\/em>Phytophthora tentaculata could<\/em> cause severe economic impacts in nursery trade, impacting a number of nursery-produced native and ornamental plants that are commonly used in California landscapes as well as some of which play a significant role in the State\u2019s florist trade. \u00a0In addition to lowered crop yields and lowered crop values due to increased need for protective treatments, the management of infestations of a soil- and water-borne pathogen such as <\/em>Phytophthora spp. in a commercial nursery may be a laborious and expensive problem that would involve alterations in the normal cultural practices such as choice of sites to grow susceptible hosts, and water and growth medium management practices to ensure pathogen propagule-free irrigation water and growth media.<\/em><\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact<\/span>:<\/strong> Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the\u00a0criteria below.\u00a0 Score:<\/p>\n

A. \u00a0The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity,\u00a0disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B. \u00a0The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species<\/p>\n

C. \u00a0The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats<\/p>\n

D. \u00a0The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs,<\/p>\n

E. \u00a0The pest could significantly impact cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or\u00a0ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact:<\/p>\n

– Low (1) <\/strong>causes none of the above to occur<\/p>\n

– Medium (2) <\/strong>causes one of the above to occur<\/p>\n

– High (3) <\/strong>causes two or more of the above to occur<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Risk is <\/em><\/strong>High (3<\/em><\/strong>)<\/strong> <\/span>\u2013 The USDA APHIS lists <\/em>Phytophthora tentaculata in the top 5 <\/em>Phytophthora species of concern and threat to nurseries and forests in Federal New Pest Response Guidelines (USDA APHIS, 2010).\u00a0 The presence of <\/em>P. tentaculata could cause serious impact on native plants, threatened or endangered species, disrupt critical habitats by killing critical species necessary <\/em>for species diversity and soil stability, necessitate official or private treatment programs to preserve critical, rare, or endangered species, and significantly impact cultural practices, home\/urban and\/or ornamental plantings.<\/em><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Phytophthora tentaculata<\/em>:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here<\/p>\n

– Low<\/strong> = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

– Medium<\/strong> = 9-12 points<\/p>\n

– High = 13-17 points<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Total points obtained on evaluation of consequences of introduction of Phytophthora tentaculata<\/em> to California = <\/span>(14)<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

6)\u00a0<\/b>Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information<\/span>:<\/strong> Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included. (Score)<\/p>\n

-Not established (0) Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/p>\n

-Low (-1) Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

–Medium (-2)<\/strong> Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/span><\/p>\n

-High (-3) Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Evaluation is Medium (-2). <\/em><\/strong><\/span>To date, <\/em>Phytophthora tentaculata has been detected in native plant nurseries in Monterey, Placer, Butte, Santa Cruz, San Mateo, Orange, and Santa Clara Counties, and in out-planted nursery stock in habitat restoration sites in Alameda, Monterey, and Santa Clara Counties in California.<\/em><\/p>\n

Final Score:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

7)\u00a0 The final score is<\/strong> the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: (Score)<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/span> <\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Score of Consequences of Introduction \u2013 Score of Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information =<\/strong> 12.<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Uncertainties:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

While more is known about the presence of <\/em>Phythophthora tentaculata in California since its original detection in Monterey County, more researched information is needed on the distribution, behavior and threat of <\/em>Phytophthora tentaculata in California\u2019s natural soils and plant communities under diverse climatic environments. \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Based on the evidence provided above the proposed rating for Phytophthora tentaculata<\/em> remains B.<\/strong><\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

A<\/strong>grios, G. N.\u00a0 2005.\u00a0 Plant Pathology fifth edition.\u00a0 Elsevier Academic Press, Massachussetts, USA.\u00a0 922 p.<\/p>\n

\u00c1<\/strong>lvarez, L. A., A. P\u00e9rez-Sierra, M. Le\u00f3n, J. Armengol, and J. Garc\u00eda-Jim\u00e9nez. \u00a02006. \u00a0Lavender cotton root rot: a new host of Phytophthora tentaculata<\/em> found in Spain. Plant Disease 90:523. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1094\/pd-90-0523A<\/a><\/p>\n

C<\/strong>ristinzio, G., I. Camele and C. Marcone.\u00a0 2006. \u00a0Phytophthora tentaculata<\/em> su gerbera in Italia.\u00a0 First report of Phytophthora tentaculata<\/em> on gerbera in Italy.\u00a0 Informatore Fitopatologico 56:23-25. http:\/\/www.cabdirect.org\/abstracts\/20063066005.html;jsessionid=C23F9F14D93FF641EEE94948EFEB99D5<\/a>.<\/p>\n

F<\/strong>rankel, S., S. Rooney-Latham, C. L. Blomquist, and E. Bernhardt.\u00a0 2015.\u00a0 Pest Alert: Phytophthora tentaculata<\/em>.\u00a0 Technical Report, February 2015, United States Department of Agriculture. http:\/\/www.suddenoakdeath.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/P.tentaculata.<\/p>\n

G<\/strong>aribaldi A., G. Gilardi, M. L. Gullino.\u00a0 2010. First report of collar and root rot caused by Phytophthora tentaculata <\/em>on witloof chicory (Cichorium intybus<\/em>) in Italy. Plant Disease 94:1504.<\/p>\n

K<\/strong>r\u00f6ber, H., and R. Marwitz. \u00a01993. \u00a0Phytophthora tentaculata <\/em>sp. nov. und Phytophthora cinnamomi <\/em>var. parvispora <\/em>var. nov., zwei neue Pilze von Zierpflanzen in Deutschland. Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz <\/em>100<\/strong>, 250-258. [Original Description]<\/p>\n

M<\/strong>artini, P., A. Pane, F. Raudino, A. Chimento, S. Scibetta, and S. O. Cacciola. \u00a02009. \u00a0First report of Phytophthora tentaculata <\/em>causing root and stem rot of oregano in Italy. 93:843. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1094\/PDIS-93-8-0843B<\/a>.<\/p>\n

M<\/strong>eng, J., and Y. C. Wang. \u00a02008. \u00a0First Report of Stalk Rot Caused by Phytophthora tentaculata<\/em> on Aucklandia lappa<\/em> in China. Plant Disease 92 <\/strong>(9): 1365.<\/p>\n

doi:10.1094\/PDIS-92-9-1365B. http:\/\/apsjournals.apsnet.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1094\/PDIS-92-9-1365B<\/a>.<\/p>\n

M<\/strong>oralejo, E., M. Puig, and W. A. Man in’t Veld.\u00a0 2004. \u00a0First report of Phytophthora tentaculata<\/em> on Verbena<\/em> sp. in Spain. The British Society for Plant Pathology.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.bspp.org.uk\/publications\/new-disease-reports\/ndr.php?id=009038<\/a>. May 31, 2009.<\/p>\n

U<\/strong>SDA APHIS. \u00a02010. \u00a0New Pest Response Guidelines: Phytophthora <\/em>species in the Environment and Nursery Settings. 229 pages.<\/p>\n

R<\/strong>ooney-Latham, S., and C. L. Blomquist.\u00a0 2014. First report of root and stem rot caused by Phytophthora tentaculata<\/em> on Mimulus aurantiacus<\/em> in North America. Plant Disease 98(7):996.<\/p>\n

R<\/strong>ooney-Latham, S., C. L. Blomquist, T. Swiecki, and E. Bernhardt.\u00a0 2015.\u00a0 Phytophthora tentaculata.\u00a0 Forest Phytophthoras 5(1):\u00a0 doi:10.5399\/osu\/fp.5.1.3727.<\/p>\n

S<\/strong>chwartzburg, K., H. Hartzog, C. Landry, J. Rogers, and B. Randall-Schadel. \u00a02009. Prioritization of Phytophthora<\/em> of Concern to the United States. USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST PERAL (Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory), Raleigh, NC. 61 pages.<\/p>\n

W<\/strong>ang, T. and W. Zhao.\u00a0 2014.\u00a0 First report of Phytophthora tentaculata<\/em> causing stem and root rot on celery in China. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1094\/PDIS-06-13-0592-PDN<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\n
Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

John J. Chitambar, Primary Plant Pathologist\/Nematologist, California Department of Food and Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832. Phone: 916-262-1110, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: B<\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating Proposal for Phytophthora tentaculata Kr\u00f6ber & Marwitz 1993 Pest Rating: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event:\u00a0 During January 2016, samples of two diseased Diplacus hybrids (monkey flower hybrid varieties) and one of diseased Artemisia palmeri (Palmer sagewort) were collected by Kathleen Kosta, CDFA, from a nursery in Santa Clara County.\u00a0 The samples … Continue reading Phytophthora tentaculata Kr\u00f6ber & Marwitz 1993<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1117,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[8,4],"tags":[156,270,45],"class_list":["post-1590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fungi","category-plant-pathology","tag-fungus","tag-phytophthora-tentaculata","tag-plant-pathogen"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-pE","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":3162,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3162","url_meta":{"origin":1590,"position":0},"title":"Phytophthora parvispora Scanu & Denman, 2013","author":"Admin","date":"January 9, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Phytophthora parvispora \u00a0Scanu & Denman, 2013 Pest Rating: B\u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event:\u00a0 On August 19, 2016, non-official samples of pear baits of effluent collected from the bottom of four pots containing diseased Mexican orange blossom (Choisya ternata) plants, were sent by a private company\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fungi"","block_context":{"text":"Fungi","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":829,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=829","url_meta":{"origin":1590,"position":1},"title":"Phytophthora hedraiandra de Cock & Man in\u2019t Veld","author":"Admin","date":"April 9, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Phytophthora hedraiandra de Cock & Man in\u2019t Veld Pest\u00a0Rating: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Recently, Suzanne Latham, CDFA plant pathologist, detected Phytophthora hedraiaindra in Arctostaphylos pumila samples that were collected from a nursery in Monterey County during an inspection related to an earlier detection of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fungi"","block_context":{"text":"Fungi","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1006,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1006","url_meta":{"origin":1590,"position":2},"title":"Phytophthora siskiyouensis Reeser & E. M. Hansen, 2008","author":"Admin","date":"June 1, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Phytophthora siskiyouensis Reeser & E. M. Hansen, 2008 Pest Rating: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: \u00a0 In October 2014, Suzanne Latham, CDFA plant pathologist detected the oomycete, Phytophthora siskiyouensis which was isolated from a diseased alder tree with a bleeding trunk canker in Mill Valley,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fungi"","block_context":{"text":"Fungi","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2148,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2148","url_meta":{"origin":1590,"position":3},"title":"Phytophthora quercina T. Jung 1999","author":"Admin","date":"June 21, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Phytophthora quercina T. Jung 1999 Pest Rating: B\u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event:\u00a0 On April 25, 2016, two soil samples with roots of valley oak (Quercus lobata) trees that showed symptoms of stunting in a restoration site in Santa Clara County, were collected by Santa Clara\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fungi"","block_context":{"text":"Fungi","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1003,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1003","url_meta":{"origin":1590,"position":4},"title":"Phytophthora niederhauserii Abad & J. Abad, 2014","author":"Admin","date":"June 1, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Phytophthora niederhauserii Abad & J. Abad, 2014 Pest Rating: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: \u00a0 None.\u00a0 A permanent rating for Phytophthora niederhauserii is proposed herein. History & Status: Background: In 2003, Abad and Abad reported the discovery of a Phytophthora species associated with necrotic collars,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fungi"","block_context":{"text":"Fungi","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":9400,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=9400","url_meta":{"origin":1590,"position":5},"title":"Phytophthora rubi (W.F. Wilcox & J.M. Duncan) Man in ‘t Veld 2007 \u2261 Phytophthora fragariae var. rubi W.F. Wilcox & J.M. Duncan 1993 Raspberry root rot","author":"Heather.Martin","date":"January 4, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Phytophthora rubi (W.F. Wilcox & J.M. Duncan) Man in 't Veld 2007 \u2261 Phytophthora fragariae var. rubi W.F. Wilcox & J.M. Duncan 1993 Raspberry root rotPest Rating: B download pest rating *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "B-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"B-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=670"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1590","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1117"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1590"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1590\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10487,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1590\/revisions\/10487"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1590"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}