{"id":1462,"date":"2016-01-15T15:20:56","date_gmt":"2016-01-15T23:20:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1462"},"modified":"2022-05-16T09:51:05","modified_gmt":"2022-05-16T16:51:05","slug":"acanthococcus-lagerstroemiae-kuwana-crapemyrtle-scale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1462","title":{"rendered":"Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae (Kuwana) | Crapemyrtle Scale"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae<\/em><\/strong> (Kuwana): Crapemyrtle Scale<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Synonym: Eriococcus lagerstroemiae<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n
Hemiptera: Eriococcidae<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: \u00a0A<\/strong><\/h5>\n
\n
PEST RATING PROFILE<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

In July 2015 the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) inquired about California\u2019s position on deregulating Eriococcus lagerstroemiae <\/em>(Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae<\/em>).\u00a0 A pest rating proposal is required to determine a permanent pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae<\/em> is a scale insect that feeds on the branches, twigs, trunk, stems, and leaves of its host-plants1<\/sup>.\u00a0 It also feeds on the fruit of persimmon1<\/sup>.\u00a0 Heavy infestations of the scale are not known to be fatal to trees but they do have significant aesthetic impacts that often lead to host removal1<\/sup>.\u00a0 Layers of the scale on plants lead to extensive honeydew deposits, growth of sooty mold, dieback, decline, and decrease in the number and size of flowers1<\/sup>.\u00a0\u00a0 The sooty mold turns trunks, leaves, and twigs charcoal black1<\/sup>.\u00a0 Known hosts of the scale include: Buxaceae:<\/strong> Korean boxwood (Buxus microphylla koreana<\/em>2<\/sup>); Combretaceae:<\/strong> axlewood (Anogeiussus latifolia<\/em>2<\/sup>), Anogeiussus<\/em> sp.2<\/sup>; Ebenaceae:<\/strong> persimmon (Diospyros kaki<\/em>2<\/sup>); Euphobiaceae:<\/strong> food wrapper plant (Mallotus japonicas<\/em>2<\/sup>), needlebush (Glochidion puberum<\/em>2<\/sup>); Fabaceae:<\/strong> Dalbergia<\/em> sp.2<\/sup>, soybean (Glycine max<\/em>2<\/sup>); Lythraceae:<\/strong> crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia indica<\/em>2<\/sup>); Japanese crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia japonica<\/em>2<\/sup>), giant crapemyrtle (Lagerstsoemia flosreginae<\/em>2<\/sup>); Moraceae:<\/strong> fig (Ficus carica<\/em>2<\/sup>); Myrtaceae:<\/strong> Myrtus<\/em> sp.2<\/sup>; Oleaceae:<\/strong> border privet (Ligustrum obtusifolium<\/em>2<\/sup>); Punicaceae:<\/strong> pomegranate (Punica granatum2<\/sup>); Rosaceae:<\/strong> paradise apple (Malus pumila<\/em>2<\/sup>); Chinese quince (Pseudocydonia<\/em> sp.1<\/sup>); Rubus<\/em> sp.; Ulmaceae:<\/strong> Chinese hackberry (Celtis sinensis<\/em>). The primary hosts are considered to be crapemyrtle, persimmon, Chinese quince, and pomegranate1<\/sup>.\u00a0 Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae<\/em> may be transported long distances when infested plants or fresh plant parts are moved.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u><\/strong>: Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae<\/em> is native to China, India, Japan, South Korea, and possibly Mongolia1<\/sup>.\u00a0 It was found in Texas in 2004.\u00a0 Since then it has spread throughout eastern Texas and to four counties in Arkansas, seven in Louisiana, five in Oklahoma, one in Tennessee, one in Virginia, and one in Mississippi1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Official Control<\/u><\/strong>: Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae<\/em> is not known to be under official control in any other states or nations3<\/sup>.\u00a0 However, the USDA proposal would keep the scale actionable in Hawaii1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

California Distribution<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae<\/em> has never been found in California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae<\/em> has never been intercepted by CDFA.<\/p>\n

The risk Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae<\/em> (Crapemyrtle scale) would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction<\/span>:<\/strong> Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae<\/em> is expected to establish throughout plant hardiness zones 6-101<\/sup>. This corresponds to almost all of California.\u00a0 Host plants of the scale are grown throughout the state as ornamentals and crops.\u00a0 Crapemyrtle scale is likely to establish a widespread distribution in California and receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California.\u00a0 Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong><\/span> likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range<\/span>:<\/strong> Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae<\/em> is known to feed on a variety of plants in twelve families, many of which are widely cultivated in California.\u00a0 It receives a Medium (2)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the host range of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> has a very limited host range.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has a moderate host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has a wide host range.<\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential<\/span>:<\/strong> Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae<\/em> has 2-4 generations per year and each adult female lays an average of 220 eggs1<\/sup>.\u00a0 The scales may disperse long distances when infested plants or fresh plant parts are moved.\u00a0 They may also be spread by wind or by hitchhiking on plants, animals, or equipment.\u00a0 Crapemyrtle scale receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the natural and artificial dispersal potential of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact<\/span>:<\/strong> In Asia Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae<\/em> is the major pest of crapemyrtle trees, and is also a serious pest of pomegranate and persimmon trees. \u00a0If this scale insect were to establish in California it is expected to lower yields in pomegranate and persimmon groves.\u00a0 It is also likely to lower the value of persimmon fruit and all host nursery stock.\u00a0 Since the USDA has proposed to keep crapemyrtle scale actionable in Hawaii, this scale is also likely to disrupt markets for California fruit and nursery stock if it were to establish in the state.\u00a0 Crapemyrtle scale is not expected to change cultural practices, vector other organisms, injure animals, or interfere with water supplies.\u00a0 Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae<\/em> receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the criteria below. Score:<\/p>\n

A<\/strong>. \u00a0The pest could lower crop yield.<\/span><\/p>\n

B<\/strong>. \u00a0The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/span><\/p>\n

C<\/strong>. \u00a0The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/span><\/p>\n

D. \u00a0The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. \u00a0The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. \u00a0The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. \u00a0The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes 2 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact<\/span>:<\/strong> If Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae<\/em> were to establish in California it is not likely to lower biodiversity, disrupt natural communities, or change ecosystem processes.\u00a0 It is not likely to directly affect threatened or endangered species or disrupt critical habitats.\u00a0 It is very likely to trigger new treatment programs in orchards and by residents who find infested plants unsightly.\u00a0 Crapemyrtle, pomegranate, and persimmon trees are common ornamentals in California and are likely to be significantly affected by this pest.\u00a0 Many of the host trees have been removed from areas in Texas where the scale has established1<\/sup>.\u00a0 Crapemyrtle scale receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

A. \u00a0The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B. \u00a0The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/p>\n

C. \u00a0The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D<\/strong>. \u00a0The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/span><\/p>\n

E<\/strong>. \u00a0The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/span><\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes one of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae<\/em> (Crapemyrtle Scale):\u00a0 High (14)<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

–Low<\/strong> = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

–Medium<\/strong> = 9-12 points<\/p>\n

–High<\/strong> = 13-15 points<\/span><\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information<\/span>:<\/strong> Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae<\/em> has not been found in California.\u00a0 The severe aesthetic impacts attributed to infestations of the scale and ease of detection since it is the only bark scale known to occur on crapemyrtle1<\/sup> make it unlikely that this pest is present anywhere in California.\u00a0 Crapemyrtle scale receives a Not established (0)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included.<\/p>\n

–Not established (0)<\/strong> Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

–Low (-1)<\/strong> Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

–Medium (-2)<\/strong> Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

–High (-3)<\/strong> Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

The final score is the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: High (14) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncertainty: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

It is possible that this scale could colonize additional host plants in California.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae<\/em> has not been found in California and it is expected to have significant economic and environmental impacts if it were to establish in the state.\u00a0 An \u201cA\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1 <\/sup>Miller, Leah. 2015. NPAG Report Eriococcus lagerstroemiae<\/em> Kuwana: crapemyrtle scale.\u00a0 New Pest Advisory Group (NPAG).<\/p>\n

2<\/sup> SEL Catalogue Query Results\/ScaleNet: Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae (Kuwana).\u00a0 http:\/\/www.sel.barc.usda.gov\/catalogs\/eriococc\/Acanthococcuslagerstroemiae.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

3<\/sup> USDA Phytosanitary Certificate Issuance & Tracking System (PCIT) Phytosanitary Export Database (PExD).\u00a0 https:\/\/pcit.aphis.usda.gov\/pcit\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\n
Responsible Party:<\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 1220 N Street, Sacramento, CA, 95814, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: \u00a0A<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae (Kuwana): Crapemyrtle Scale Synonym: Eriococcus lagerstroemiae Hemiptera: Eriococcidae Pest Rating: \u00a0A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: In July 2015 the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) inquired about California\u2019s position on deregulating Eriococcus lagerstroemiae (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae).\u00a0 A pest rating proposal is required to determine a permanent pest rating. History … Continue reading Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae (Kuwana) | Crapemyrtle Scale<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[18,5],"tags":[259,258,261,260,186,52],"class_list":["post-1462","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hemiptera","category-entomology","tag-acanthococcus-lagerstroemiae","tag-crapemyrtle-scale","tag-eriococcidae","tag-eriococcus-lagerstroemiae","tag-hemiptera","tag-insects-and-mites"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-nA","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":11548,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=11548","url_meta":{"origin":1462,"position":0},"title":"Unaspis yanonensis (Kuwana): arrowhead scale","author":"Karen Olmstead","date":"April 21, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Unaspis yanonensis (Kuwana): arrowhead scalePest Rating: A download pest rating *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. 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