{"id":1459,"date":"2016-01-15T15:34:02","date_gmt":"2016-01-15T23:34:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1459"},"modified":"2022-05-16T09:51:13","modified_gmt":"2022-05-16T16:51:13","slug":"radionaspis-indica-marlatt-mango-scale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1459","title":{"rendered":"Radionaspis indica (Marlatt) | Mango Scale"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Radionaspis indica<\/em><\/strong> (Marlatt): Mango Scale<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Hemiptera:\u00a0 Diaspididae<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest\u00a0Rating: \u00a0B<\/strong><\/h5>\n
\n
PEST RATING PROFILE<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Since 2005 Radionaspis indica<\/em> has been regularly intercepted on mango fruit by CDFA\u2019s border stations and dog teams.\u00a0 This scale insect presently has a temporary rating of \u201cQ\u201d.\u00a0 A pest rating proposal is needed to establish a permanent pest rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 Radionaspis indica<\/em> is a monophagous scale insect that feeds on the trunk, branches, and buds of mango trees (Mangifera indica<\/em> (Anacardiaceae)).\u00a0 Severe infestations can cause cracking of bark, exudation of sap, and decline of branches2<\/sup>.\u00a0 Radionaspis indica<\/em> may rapidly disperse long distances in the trade of infested mango fruit or nursery stock.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u><\/strong>: Radionaspis indica<\/em> may be native to India and is also found in Indonesia, the Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, Cape Verde, Senegal, Cuba, the British Virgin Islands, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, and Panama3<\/sup>.\u00a0 In the United States the scale is found in Hawaii, Florida, and Puerto Rico3<\/sup>.\u00a0 Regular interceptions of the scale on mangos from Mexico suggest that it is established in that country.<\/p>\n

Official Control<\/u><\/strong>: Radionaspis indica<\/em> is not known to be under official control in any states or nations.<\/p>\n

California Distribution<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 Radionaspis indica<\/em> has never been found in the environment of California.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 Between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015 Radionaspis indica<\/em> was intercepted 69 times on mango fruit by CDFA\u2019s border stations and dog teams.\u00a0 It was also intercepted once on papaya.<\/p>\n

The risk Radionaspis indica<\/em> (mango scale) would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Climate\/Host Interaction<\/span>:<\/strong> Mango trees require warm, dry weather to set fruit. In California the best locations are away from immediate marine influences in the deserts, foothills, and the warmest cove locations of the California Central Valley4,5, 6<\/sup>.\u00a0 Mango trees are also sometimes grown as ornamental plants in urban environments and are present in the nursery industry.\u00a0 Radionaspis indica<\/em> is expected to be able to establish in all of these environments.\u00a0 It receives a Medium(2)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California.\u00a0 Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.<\/span><\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/p>\n

2) Known Pest Host Range<\/span>:<\/strong> Radionaspis indica<\/em> only feeds on mango and receives a Low(1)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the host range of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> has a very limited host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has a moderate host range.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has a wide host range.<\/p>\n

3) Pest Dispersal Potential<\/span>:<\/strong> Armored scales have high reproductive potential.\u00a0 Mango fruit is not considered to be a good pathway for dispersal of Radionaspis indica<\/em> due the limited mobility of female armored scales and crawlers and the species\u2019 limited host range.\u00a0 However, the scales have high dispersal potential because they are able to disperse long distances rapidly on nursery stock and are able to disperse to any nearby trees by crawling, by wind, or by hitchhiking on clothing, equipment, or other animals.\u00a0 Radionaspis indica<\/em> receives a High(3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the natural and artificial dispersal potential of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.<\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

4) Economic Impact<\/span>:<\/strong> California growers produce between 250,000 and 4,000,000 pounds of mango annually6<\/sup>.\u00a0 This is a high value commodity produced for local sales at specialty markets and demand is increasing6<\/sup>.\u00a0 California grown mangos are generally produced organically5<\/sup>.\u00a0 If Radionaspis indica<\/em> were to enter California and become established in groves it could potentially reduce yields of this crop if heavy infestations cause branch dieback2<\/sup>.\u00a0 Furthermore, the scale has potential to both lower crop value by disfiguring fruit and nursery stock with its presence and increase production costs by triggering new chemical treatments.\u00a0 Radionaspis indica<\/em> receives a Medium(2)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the criteria below. Score:<\/p>\n

A<\/strong>. \u00a0The pest could lower crop yield.<\/span><\/p>\n

B<\/strong>. \u00a0The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/span><\/p>\n

C. \u00a0The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/p>\n

D. \u00a0The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.<\/p>\n

E. \u00a0The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/p>\n

F. \u00a0The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.<\/p>\n

G. \u00a0The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes 2 of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/p>\n

5) Environmental Impact<\/span>:<\/strong> Radionaspis indica<\/em> is not expected to lower biodiversity, disrupt natural communities, or change ecosystem processes.\u00a0 The scale is not expected to feed on any endangered or threatened species or disrupt critical habitats.\u00a0 It is possible that its entry could trigger new treatment programs in orchards and nurseries and by residents who find infested trees unsightly.\u00a0 The scale is not expected significantly impact cultural practices, home\/urban gardening, or ornamental plantings.\u00a0 Radionaspis indica<\/em> receives a Medium(2)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

A. \u00a0The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.<\/p>\n

B. \u00a0The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/p>\n

C. \u00a0The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.<\/p>\n

D<\/strong>. \u00a0The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/span><\/p>\n

E. \u00a0The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes none of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes one of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

– High (3)<\/strong> causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Radionaspis indica<\/em> (mango scale): Medium(10)<\/span>.<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

–Low<\/strong> = 5-8 points<\/p>\n

–Medium<\/strong> = 9-12 points<\/span><\/p>\n

–High<\/strong> = 13-15 points<\/p>\n

6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information<\/span>:<\/strong> Radionaspis indica<\/em> has never been found in California and receives a Not established(0)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included.<\/p>\n

–Not established (0)<\/strong> Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.<\/span><\/p>\n

–Low (-1)<\/strong> Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/p>\n

–Medium (-2)<\/strong> Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

–High (-3)<\/strong> Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

The final score is the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: \u00a0Medium(10) <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Uncertainty: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

It is possible that sometimes the presence of Radionaspis indica<\/em> on fruit is indicative of home-grown mangos that have not been produced under commercial phytosanitary safeguards.\u00a0 Any failure to take action on Radionaspis indica<\/em> infested fruit may increase the risk of introducing exotic fruit flies and other more damaging pests into California.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

The impacts of the entry of Radionaspis indica<\/em> into California are expected to be limited to mango groves, nurseries, and scattered ornamental plantings.\u00a0 Nevertheless, this scale insect may have significant economic and environmental impacts to this growing industry.\u00a0 A \u201cB\u201d rating is justified.<\/p>\n

References: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

1 <\/sup>Litz, Richard E.\u00a0 2009.\u00a0 The Mango: Botany, Production, and Uses.\u00a0 CABI.\u00a0 680pp.\u00a0 http:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=oloEhPYqE8QC&dq=Radionaspis+indica&source=gbs_navlinks_s<\/a><\/p>\n

2 <\/sup>Pe\u00f1a, Jorge E.\u00a0 1994.\u00a0 Update on status of pests of tropical fruit crops in south Florida.\u00a0 Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 107: 340-342.\u00a0 http:\/\/fshs.org\/proceedings-o\/1994-vol-107\/340-342%20%28PENA%29.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

3<\/sup> Ben-Dov, Y. (2014) ScaleNet, Radionaspis indica<\/em>. Accessible online at: http:\/\/www.sel.barc.usda.gov\/catalogs\/diaspidi\/Radionaspisindica.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

4 <\/sup>Grown in California website.\u00a0 Mango fruit facts page.\u00a0 http:\/\/www.grownincalifornia.com\/fruit-facts\/mango-facts.html<\/a><\/p>\n

5 <\/sup>Marks, Michael. 2013.\u00a0 Mango orchards in California?\u00a0 San Jose Mercury News.\u00a0 http:\/\/www.mercurynews.com\/food-wine\/ci_24089949\/mango-orchards-california<\/a><\/p>\n

6 <\/sup>Karp, David.\u00a0 2014.\u00a0 Mango madness.\u00a0 Sunset.\u00a0 http:\/\/www.sunset.com\/travel\/california\/mango-madness<\/a><\/p>\n

\n
Responsible Party:<\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 1220 N Street, Sacramento, CA, 95814, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest\u00a0Rating: \u00a0B<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Radionaspis indica (Marlatt): Mango Scale Hemiptera:\u00a0 Diaspididae Pest\u00a0Rating: \u00a0B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Since 2005 Radionaspis indica has been regularly intercepted on mango fruit by CDFA\u2019s border stations and dog teams.\u00a0 This scale insect presently has a temporary rating of \u201cQ\u201d.\u00a0 A pest rating proposal is needed to establish a … Continue reading Radionaspis indica (Marlatt) | Mango Scale<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[18,5],"tags":[186,175,52,250,252,251],"class_list":["post-1459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hemiptera","category-entomology","tag-hemiptera","tag-hemiptera-diaspididae","tag-insects-and-mites","tag-invertebrate","tag-mango-scale","tag-radionaspis-indica"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-nx","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":7442,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=7442","url_meta":{"origin":1459,"position":0},"title":"Thysanofiorinia leei Williams: lychee scale Hemiptera: Diaspididae","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"August 18, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Profile for Thysanofiorinia leei Williams: lychee scale Hemiptera: DiaspididaePest Rating: A download pest rating Profile *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. 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History & Status: Background:\u00a0\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Hemiptera"","block_context":{"text":"Hemiptera","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=18"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1661,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1661","url_meta":{"origin":1459,"position":2},"title":"Lindingaspis floridana Ferris: Floridana Scale","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"March 8, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Lindingaspis floridana Ferris: Floridana Scale Hemiptera: Diaspididae Pest Rating: \u00a0B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Lindingaspis floridana was intercepted by a CDFA dog team in a parcel of mango fruit shipped from Florida to Sacramento.\u00a0 This insect presently has a temporary rating of \u201cQ\u201d.\u00a0 A pest\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Hemiptera"","block_context":{"text":"Hemiptera","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=18"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2617,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2617","url_meta":{"origin":1459,"position":3},"title":"Mango Shield Scale | Milviscutulus mangiferae (Green)","author":"Jason Leathers","date":"September 23, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Milviscutulus mangiferae (Green): Mango Shield Scale Hemiptera:\u00a0 Coccidae Pest Rating: \u00a0A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Since 1991 Milviscutulus mangiferae has been regularly intercepted by CDFA\u2019s border stations and dog teams.\u00a0 This scale insect presently has a temporary rating of \u201cQ\u201d.\u00a0 A pest rating proposal is\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Hemiptera"","block_context":{"text":"Hemiptera","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=18"},"img":{"alt_text":"5508173-soft-scale-milviscutulus-mangiferae-byAllesandraRung","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/5508173-soft-scale-milviscutulus-mangiferae-byAllesandraRung.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/5508173-soft-scale-milviscutulus-mangiferae-byAllesandraRung.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/5508173-soft-scale-milviscutulus-mangiferae-byAllesandraRung.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/5508173-soft-scale-milviscutulus-mangiferae-byAllesandraRung.jpg?resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":5742,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=5742","url_meta":{"origin":1459,"position":4},"title":"Tropical Palm Scale | Hemiberlesia palmae (Cockerell)","author":"Kyle Beucke","date":"August 22, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Hemiberlesia palmae (Cockerell): Tropical palm scale Hemiptera: Diaspididae Pest Rating: A \u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: A permanent pest rating proposal is required to support an official pest rating. 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