{"id":1352,"date":"2015-12-16T15:58:29","date_gmt":"2015-12-16T23:58:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1352"},"modified":"2022-05-16T09:47:32","modified_gmt":"2022-05-16T16:47:32","slug":"scirtothrips-dorsalis-hood-chilli-thrips","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1352","title":{"rendered":"Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood: (Chilli Thrips)"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood:<\/em><\/strong> (Chilli Thrips)<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Thysanoptera: Thripidae<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: \u00a0B<\/strong><\/h5>\n
\n
PEST RATING PROFILE<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Initiating Event: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

In August 2015 infestations of Scirtothrips dorsalis<\/em> were found at several residential properties in Orange County.\u00a0 A pest rating proposal is required to determine future direction on this pest.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 Scirtothrips dorsalis<\/em> is a polyphagous thrips that is reported to feed on more than 200 plant species in 70 families3<\/sup>.\u00a0 Known hosts include economically important crops such as roses, chilies, grapes, citrus, avocado, tomato, and strawberry1,2,3<\/sup>.\u00a0 The thrips has been recorded killing newly emerged seedlings, severely distorting leaves, scarring the surface of fruits, and vectoring major plant pathogens3<\/sup>.\u00a0\u00a0 The thrips may spread long distances through the trade of plants, fruit, or cut flowers.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/u><\/strong>: Scirtothrips dorsalis<\/em> is believed to be native to South-East Asia or the Indian subcontinent4<\/sup>.\u00a0 It has spread across much of Asia and to parts of Australia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands.\u00a0 It has also been found on several Caribbean islands as well as in Suriname, Venezuela, and Ivory Coast1<\/sup>. \u00a0It was detected in Hawaii in 1987, Florida in 2005, Puerto Rico in 2006, Georgia and Texas in 2007, and Louisiana in 2009.<\/p>\n

Official Control<\/u><\/strong>: Scirtothrips dorsalis<\/em> is considered a quarantine pest in Europe5<\/sup> and New Zealand6<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

California Distribution<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 Scirtothrips dorsalis<\/em> has only been found in the environment of California in Orange and Los Angeles counties.<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0 Scirtothrips dorsalis<\/em> is occasionally intercepted on plants or fresh plant parts from Florida, Texas, and Hawaii.<\/p>\n

The risk Scirtothrips dorsalis<\/em> (Chilli thrips) would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) \u00a0Climate\/Host Interaction<\/span><\/strong>: The present distribution of Scirtothrips dorsalis<\/em> corresponds to USDA plant hardiness zones 8-12, indicating that it is likely to find a favorable climate in most of California. The polyphagous nature of thrips makes it likely that the insect would encounter suitable host plants throughout the state.\u00a0 Chilli thrips receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California.\u00a0 Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas.
\n– Medium (2)<\/strong> may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California.
\n– High (3)<\/strong> likely to establish a widespread distribution in California.<\/span><\/p>\n

2) \u00a0Known Pest Host Range<\/span><\/strong>: Scirtothrips dorsalis<\/em> is a polyphagous thrips that is reported to feed on more than 200 plant species in 70 families3<\/sup>.\u00a0 Chilli thrips receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.\u00a0\u00a0<\/sup><\/p>\n

Evaluate the host range of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> has a very limited host range.
\n– Medium (2)<\/strong> has a moderate host range.
\n– High (3)<\/strong> has a wide host range.<\/span><\/p>\n

3) \u00a0Pest Dispersal Potential<\/span><\/strong>: Chilli thrips reproduces rapidly:\u00a0 each female lays 60-200 eggs and the thrips completes its life cycle in 12-22 days2<\/sup>.\u00a0 The thrips is reported to disperse only 12-20m on its own1<\/sup>, but it may spread long distance in commerce on plants or plant parts.\u00a0 Scirtothrips dorsalis<\/em> receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the natural and artificial dispersal potential of the pest. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential.
\n– Medium (2)<\/strong> has either high reproductive or dispersal potential.
\n– High (3)<\/strong> has both high reproduction and dispersal potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

4) \u00a0Economic Impact<\/span><\/strong>: Although Scirtothrips dorsalis<\/em> is not reported to be a significant economic pest in Florida, there could be impacts to fresh navel orange and table grape exports from California.\u00a0 Citrus is a known host of the thrips, and thrips are notorious for hiding inside the navel of oranges and eluding packing house cleaning.\u00a0 As chilli thrips is considered to be a quarantine pest by New Zealand and Europe, the presence of this insect in California may trigger a loss of markets.\u00a0 Chilli thrips also feeds on a wide variety of ornamental plants, which it disfigures by causing leaf curling.\u00a0 This may increase production costs or lower the value of nursery stock.\u00a0 Chilli thrips has been reported to vector seven major plant pathogens:\u00a0 chilli leaf curl virus, peanut necrosis virus, melon yellow spot virus, watermelon silver mottle virus, capsicum chlorosis virus, and tomato spotted wilt virus4<\/sup>. \u00a0Scirtothrips dorsalis<\/em> receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the criteria below. Score:<\/p>\n

A. \u00a0The pest could lower crop yield.
\nB. \u00a0<\/span><\/strong>The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).<\/span>
\nC<\/strong>. \u00a0The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).<\/span>
\nD. \u00a0The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.
\nE. \u00a0<\/span><\/strong>The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.<\/span>
\nF. \u00a0The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.
\nG. \u00a0The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes 0 or 1 of these impacts.
\n– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes 2 of these impacts.
\n– High (3)<\/strong> causes 3 or more of these impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n

5) \u00a0Environmental Impact<\/span><\/strong>: Munz\u2019s onion (Allium munzii<\/em>), Yosemite onion (Allium yosemitense<\/em>), and small-leaved rose (Rosa minutifolia<\/em>) are listed as threatened or endangered plants in California and are potential hosts of Scirtothrips dorsalis<\/em>.\u00a0 The thrips is likely to trigger additional treatment programs by residents who find infested plants unsightly, as well as by the nursery industry.\u00a0 Chilli thrips receives a High (3)<\/strong><\/span> in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using the criteria below.<\/p>\n

A. \u00a0The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.
\nB. \u00a0<\/span><\/strong>The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.<\/span>
\n<\/span><\/strong>C. \u00a0The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.
\nD. \u00a0<\/span><\/strong>The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.<\/span>
\n<\/span><\/strong>E. \u00a0The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> causes none of the above to occur.
\n– Medium (2)<\/strong> causes one of the above to occur.
\n– High (3)<\/strong> causes two or more of the above to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Scirtothrips dorsalis<\/em> (Chilli thrips):<\/strong> High (15)<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here.<\/p>\n

–Low<\/strong> = 5-8 points
\n–Medium<\/strong> = 9-12 points
\n–High<\/strong> = 13-15 points<\/span><\/p>\n

6) \u00a0Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information<\/span><\/strong>: Scirtothrips dorsalis<\/em> has been confirmed in Orange and Los Angeles Counties and receives a Low (-1)<\/strong> <\/span>in this category.<\/p>\n

Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included.<\/p>\n

–Not established (0)<\/strong> Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.
\n–Low (-1)<\/strong> Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/span>
\n–Medium (-2)<\/strong> Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.
\n–High (-3)<\/strong> Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

The final score is the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: High (14) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncertainty: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

There have not been any statewide thrips surveys in recent years; it is possible that Scirtothrips dorsalis<\/em> could have a more widespread distribution in California.\u00a0 There are no effective detection technologies that would allow for a survey to delimit the infestation or find new infestations in other areas.\u00a0 Because the thrips lays eggs inside plant tissue and is polyphagous, visual surveys might not find low levels of infestation in nurseries or the environment.\u00a0 It is also possible that existing treatments for thrips may also limit impacts of chilli thrips.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

The spread of Scirtothrips dorsalis<\/em> through California is likely to have significant economic and environmental impacts.\u00a0 However, it is already known to be established in Orange and Los Angeles Counties and is not under official control.\u00a0 Scirtothrips dorsalis<\/em> is already established in other states, has been proposed for deregulation by USDA, and is not known to be under consideration for FRSMP.\u00a0 A \u201cB<\/span>\u201d rating is justified.<\/strong><\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1<\/sup><\/span>Culliney, T.W.\u00a0 2014.\u00a0 Deregulation Evaluation of Established Pests (DEEP); DEEP Report on Scirtothrips dorsalis<\/em> Hood: Chilli thrips.<\/p>\n

2<\/sup><\/span> Ludwig, Scott W. and C. Bogr\u00e1n.\u00a0 2007.\u00a0 Chilli Thrips: A New Pest in the Home Landscape.\u00a0 Texas Cooperative Extension.\u00a0 https:\/\/insects.tamu.edu\/extension\/publications\/epubs\/eee-00041.pdf<\/p>\n

3<\/sup><\/span>Kumar, Vivek, Dakshina R. Seal, Garima Kakkar, Cindy L. McKenzie, and Lance S. Osborne.\u00a0 2012.\u00a0 New tropical fruit hosts of Scirtothrips dorsalis<\/em> (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and its relative abundance on them in south Florida.\u00a0 Florida Entomologist 95(1):205-207.\u00a0 http:\/\/www.bioone.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1653\/024.095.0134<\/a><\/p>\n

4 <\/sup><\/span>High Priority Organism:\u00a0 Scirtothrips dorsalis<\/em> (Chilli thrips).\u00a0 New Zealand Kiwifruit Vine Health Inc.\u00a0 http:\/\/www.kvh.org.nz\/vdb\/document\/91534<\/a><\/p>\n

5<\/sup><\/span>EPPO Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests:\u00a0 Scirtothrips dorsalis<\/em>.\u00a0 https:\/\/www.eppo.int\/QUARANTINE\/insects\/Scirtothrips_dorsalis\/SCITDO_ds.pdf<\/p>\n

6<\/sup><\/span>New Zealand Import Risk Analysis: Table Grapes (Vitis vinifera<\/em>) from China.\u00a0 2009.\u00a0 MAF Biosecurity New Zealand.\u00a0 http:\/\/www.biosecurity.govt.nz\/files\/regs\/imports\/risk\/table-grapes-china-ra.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

\n
Responsible Party:<\/h5>\n

Jason Leathers, 1220 N Street, Sacramento, CA, 95814, (916) 654-1211, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n
Comment Format:<\/h5>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments should refer to the appropriate California Pest Rating Proposal Form subsection(s)\u00a0being commented on, as shown below.<\/p>\n

Example Comment:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction: \u00a01. Climate\/Host Interaction:\u00a0[Your comment that relates to \u201cClimate\/Host Interaction\u201d here.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments will not be able to be viewed immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may not be posted if they:<\/p>\n

Contain inappropriate language which is not germane to\u00a0the pest rating proposal;<\/p>\n

Contains defamatory, false, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, pornographic,\u00a0sexually oriented, threatening, racially offensive, discriminatory or illegal\u00a0material;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting sexual harassment or other forms\u00a0of discrimination;<\/p>\n

Violates agency regulations prohibiting workplace violence, including threats.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Comments may be edited prior to posting to ensure they are entirely germane.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u00a0Posted comments shall be those which have been approved in content and posted to the\u00a0website to be viewed, not just submitted.<\/p>\n

\n

Pest Rating: \u00a0B<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood: (Chilli Thrips) Thysanoptera: Thripidae Pest Rating: \u00a0B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: In August 2015 infestations of Scirtothrips dorsalis were found at several residential properties in Orange County.\u00a0 A pest rating proposal is required to determine future direction on this pest. History & Status: Background:\u00a0 Scirtothrips dorsalis is … Continue reading Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood: (Chilli Thrips)<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[5,26],"tags":[228,52,227,99,187],"class_list":["post-1352","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-entomology","category-thysanoptera","tag-chilli-thrips","tag-insects-and-mites","tag-scirtothrips-dorsalis","tag-thripidae","tag-thysanoptera"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-lO","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":3309,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3309","url_meta":{"origin":1352,"position":0},"title":"Biltothrips minutus (Bhatti)","author":"Javaid Iqbal","date":"February 6, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Biltothrips minutus (Bhatti) Thysanoptera: Thripidae Pest Rating: A PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Biltothrips minutus was collected on December 8, 2016 from the head of a cabbage (Brassica oleracea) in Hawaii. 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