{"id":1006,"date":"2015-06-01T07:00:03","date_gmt":"2015-06-01T14:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1006"},"modified":"2024-04-26T11:22:32","modified_gmt":"2024-04-26T18:22:32","slug":"phytophthora-siskiyouensis-reeser-e-m-hansen-2008","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1006","title":{"rendered":"Phytophthora siskiyouensis Reeser & E. M. Hansen, 2008"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Phytophthora siskiyouensis <\/em><\/strong>Reeser & E. M. Hansen, 2008<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: B<\/strong><\/h5>\n
\n
PEST RATING PROFILE<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Initiating Event: \u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

In October 2014, <\/strong>Suzanne Latham, CDFA plant pathologist detected the oomycete, Phytophthora siskiyouensis<\/em> which was isolated from a diseased alder tree with a bleeding trunk canker in Mill Valley, Marin County, California.\u00a0 A few months earlier, the pathogen had been detected in some diseased Italian alder trees in Richmond, Contra Costa County, and originally in 2006 from a large planting of Italian alder trees in Foster City, San Mateo County. These detections in California first noted the capability of P. siskiyouensis<\/em> to cause detrimental disease in alder. Subsequently, there is a need to reevaluate the current status and pest rating of P. siskiyouensis<\/em> for the proposal of a permanent rating.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background<\/strong><\/span>: Since the discovery of Phytophthora ramorum<\/em>, causal organism for the Sudden Oak Disease, there has been an increase of surveys throughout the world, for Phytophthora<\/em> spp. which resulted in the identification of several new species, including P. siskiyouensis<\/em>.\u00a0 Phytophthora siskiyouensis<\/em> was first discovered in 2007 in streams and soils in native forest within sudden oak death epidemic regions of coastal southwest Oregon (Reeser, et al<\/em>., 2007).\u00a0 It appears to occur naturally in native forests in south west Oregon and was later found associated with a blighted myrtlewood shoot growing near ground level, and infrequently from tanoak bark cankers.\u00a0 Furthermore, it was found in Oregon nurseries as a pathogen of alder planting stock but was not observed to cause disease on red alder in natural environments where it was detected in soil and streams (Hansen, et al.,<\/em> 2011; Reeser, et al.,<\/em> 2007).<\/p>\n

In California, Phytophthora siskiyouensis<\/em> was first found associated with bleeding trunk cankers in dying Italian alder trees in Foster City, San Mateo County (Rooney-Latham et al.,<\/em> 2009). In pathogenicity tests, the pathogen was confirmed to be pathogenic on Italian alder trees and potentially pathogenic to red and white alder trees.\u00a0 Furthermore, it was only detected in tree bark and vascular tissue lesions and not from associated soil and root samples of the diseased trees.\u00a0 The pathogen was also reported to be associated with dying alder trees in a garden in Melbourne, Australia, but as in California, was not detected in soil around the diseased trees (Smith et al.,<\/em> 2004).\u00a0 Presently, it is not known if Phytophthora siskiyouensis <\/em>is endemic to or was introduced to California.<\/p>\n

Hosts<\/em>: Presently, the full range of Phytophthora siskiyouensis<\/em> is not known.\u00a0 Reported hosts include, Italian alder (Alnus cordata<\/em>), European common alder (A. glutinosa<\/em>), White alder (A. rhombifolia<\/em>), tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus<\/em>), California bay laurel\/Myrtlewood (Umbellularia californica<\/em>), and in forest streams or soil (Hansen, et al.,<\/em> 2011; Rooney-Latham et al.,<\/em> 2009; Smith et al.,<\/em> 2004). In pathogenicity tests, Smith et al., (2004) determined that P. siskiyouensis<\/em> was a potential weak pathogen of Citrus<\/em>, Acacia<\/em>, and Eucalyptus<\/em> seedlings.<\/p>\n

Symptoms<\/em>:\u00a0 The pathogen causes collar rot in Italian alder trees.\u00a0 Predominant symptoms produced on alder trees include sparse foliage, dieback in the canopy, and bleeding cankers on the trunks. Canker form primarily at the bases of trunks near the soil line and extend upwards.\u00a0 Few isolated cankers may form about 2 meters above the soil line.\u00a0 Trunks may have several small spots or large areas with bleeding lesions which are dark-brown to black on the outer bark.\u00a0 Below the outer bark, diseased, dark orange-brown tissue is present.\u00a0 A cinnamon-brown margin is separates cream-colored healthy tissue from diseased tissue which extends through the bark to the vascular cambium and sapwood interface.\u00a0 \u00a0Trees with large cankers may show dieback of the canopy however, cankers are not always produced on trees showing dieback (Rooney-Latham, et al.,<\/em> 2009; Sims, 2012). Reeser et al<\/em>., (2007) noted that in Oregon the pathogen was associated with occasional symptoms on a variety of plants.<\/p>\n

Damage Potential<\/em>: Currently, there are no reports on quantitative economic losses in plant production caused by Phytophthora siskiyouensis<\/em>. While infected native trees in Oregon occasionally resulted in apparent symptoms on a variety of associated plants, including trunk cankers on tanoaks, the pathogen was found to kill alder trees in California and Australia.\u00a0 Infestations may result in significant damage and loss in production and stands of host plants by causing collar rot of infected plants. The full host range for this pathogen is yet not known, nevertheless, nursery alders in particular, and plants grown in natural ecosystems are particularly affected.\u00a0 In general for Phytophthora<\/em> spp., young seedlings of trees and annual plants may be killed within a few day, weeks or months (Agrios, 2005).<\/p>\n

Disease Cycle<\/em>: Generally, species of Phytophthora<\/em> that cause root and stem rots survive cold winters or hot and dry summers as thick-walled, resting spores (oospores and chlamydospores) or mycelium in infected roots, stems or soil.\u00a0 During spring, the oospores and chlamydospores germinate to produce motile spores (zoospores) that swim around in soil water and roots of susceptible hosts. The pathogen infects the host at the soil line causing water soaking and darkening of the trunk bark. This infected area enlarges and may encircle the entire stem of small plants which wilt and eventually die.\u00a0 On large plants and trees, the infected, necrotic area may be on one side of the stem and become a depressed canker below the level of the healthy bark.\u00a0 Collar rot canker may spread down the root system. Roots are invaded at the crown area or at ground level.\u00a0\u00a0 Mycelium and zoospores grow in abundance in cool, wet weather causing damage where the soil is too wet for normal growth of susceptible plants and low temperatures (15-23\u00b0C) prevail (Agrios, 2005).<\/p>\n

Transmission<\/em>:\u00a0 The pathogen may be spread to non-infected sites through infected plants, nursery and planting stock, seedlings, soil, run-off and splash irrigation and rain water, and contaminated cultivation equipment and tools.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/span><\/strong>:\u00a0 North America:<\/em> USA; Oceania<\/em>: Australia.<\/p>\n

In the USA, Phytophthora siskiyouensis<\/em> has been found in California and Oregon (CABI, 2014).<\/p>\n

Official Control<\/strong><\/span>:\u00a0 None reported.<\/p>\n

California Distribution<\/strong><\/span>: \u00a0Phytophthora siskiyouensis<\/em> has been detected on alder in Contra Costa, Marin, and San Mateo Counties (see \u2018Initiating Event\u2019).<\/p>\n

California Interceptions<\/strong><\/span>:\u00a0 The pathogen has not been intercepted in quarantine shipments of plants.<\/p>\n

The risk Phytophthora siskiyouensis <\/em>would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) \u00a0Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong> Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1) not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas
\n\u2013 Medium (2) may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California
\n– High (3)<\/strong> likely to establish a widespread distribution in California<\/span><\/p>\n

Risk is High (3)<\/span> <\/em><\/strong>\u2013 <\/em>Phytophthora siskiyouensis has already been detected in few counties.\u00a0 Within California, it is likely to establish in cool, wet climates in susceptible hosts.\u00a0 Thus far it has only been detected in alder trees in California.<\/em><\/p>\n

2) \u00a0Known Pest Host Range:<\/strong> Evaluate the host range of the pest:<\/p>\n

– Low (1)<\/strong> has a very limited host range<\/span>
\n\u2013<\/span>\u00a0Medium (2) has a moderate host range<\/span>
\n\u2013 High (3) has a wide host range<\/p>\n

Risk is Low (1)<\/span> <\/em><\/strong>\u2013 The full host range of <\/em>Phytophthora siskiyouensis is yet not known.\u00a0 Reported hosts include, Italian alder, European common alder, white alder, tanoak, and California bay laurel.\u00a0 It has also been detected in forest streams or soil in Oregon.\u00a0 Experimentally, it has been shown to be a weak pathogen of Citrus, Acacia and Eucalyptus seedlings.<\/em><\/p>\n

3) \u00a0Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> Evaluate the dispersal potential of the pest:<\/p>\n

– Low (1) does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential
\n– Medium (2) has either high reproductive or dispersal potential
\n\u2013 High (3) <\/strong>has both high reproduction and dispersal potential<\/span><\/p>\n

Risk is High (3) <\/em><\/strong><\/span>\u2013 <\/em>Phytophthora siskiyouensis is primarily spread artificially via infested soils, plants, nursery and planting stock, seedlings, run-off and splash irrigation water, cultivation equipment and tools that may spread contaminated soil and plant materials to non-infected sites. Thus far, in California, the pathogen has not been isolated from roots and associated soil of infected alder trees.<\/em><\/p>\n

4) \u00a0Economic Impact:<\/strong> Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using these criteria:<\/p>\n

A. \u00a0 The pest could lower crop yield.
\nB. \u00a0 The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).
\nC. \u00a0 The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).
\nD. \u00a0 The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.
\nE. \u00a0 The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.
\nF. \u00a0 The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.
\nG. \u00a0 The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

– Low (1) causes 0 or 1 of these impacts
\n– Medium (2) causes 2 of these impacts
\n\u2013 High (3) <\/strong>causes 3 or more of these impacts<\/span><\/p>\n

Risk is High (3)<\/em><\/strong><\/span> \u2013 Although quantitative economic losses in plant production have not reported, the potential for infected alder\u00a0 plants to result in collar rot, trunk cankers, and shoot dieback could decrease stands on non-infected plants, increase production costs and cause loss of market of infected\u00a0 nursery stocks. The potential for the pathogen to survive and spread in infected soils and irrigation water could require changes in normal cultivation practices of host plants.<\/em><\/p>\n

5) \u00a0Environmental Impact:<\/strong> Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using these criteria:<\/p>\n

A. \u00a0 The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.
\nB. \u00a0 The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.
\nC. \u00a0 The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.
\nD. \u00a0 The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.
\nE. \u00a0 The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact:<\/p>\n

– Low (1) causes none of the above to occur
\n\u2013 Medium (2)<\/strong> causes one of the above to occur<\/span>
\n\u2013 High (3) causes two or more of the above to occur<\/p>\n

Risk is <\/em><\/strong>Medium (2<\/em><\/strong><\/span>)<\/span> <\/em><\/strong>\u2013 Currently, the host range and geographic distribution of<\/em> P. siskiyouensis are not fully known.\u00a0 The few known host plants (see \u2018Hosts\u2019 above) can be found in natural ecological habitats as well as in nursery environments.\u00a0 Alder trees are particularly affected by this pathogen.\u00a0 Subsequently, under favorable climate conditions, natural plant communities and ecosystems, as well as home\/urban gardening and ornamentals may be negatively impacted.<\/em><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Phytophthora siskiyouensis:<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here. (Score)<\/p>\n

Low = 5-8 points
\nMedium<\/strong> = 9-12 points<\/span>
\nHigh = 13-15 points<\/p>\n

Total points obtained on evaluation of consequences of introduction of Phytophthora siskiyouensis<\/em> to California = (12)<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

6) \u00a0Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information<\/strong>: Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included. (Score)<\/p>\n

-Not established (0) Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.
\n–Low (-1)<\/strong> Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).<\/span>
\n-Medium (-2) Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.
\n-High (-3) Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/p>\n

Evaluation is Low (-1)<\/span>. <\/em><\/strong>To date, <\/em>Phytophthora siskiyouensis has been detected in three California coastal counties (Contra Costa, Marin and San Mateo Counties) on alder (<\/em>Alnus sp.) under similar climate (north coastal environment).<\/em><\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

7) The final score is the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: (Score)<\/p>\n

Final Score: <\/em><\/strong><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Score of Consequences of Introduction \u2013 Score of Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information =<\/strong> 11.<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Uncertainty:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

The full host range and in-state distribution of<\/em> Phytophthora siskiyouensis is<\/em> not currently known.\u00a0 To date, in California, the pathogen has only been detected from<\/em> alder trees in three northern coastal counties.<\/em>\u00a0 Continued<\/em> statewide surveys for <\/em>Phytophthora spp. occurring in nurseries and natural ecosystems (e.g. restoration sites) will contribute to the present knowledge of this pathogen group as well as<\/em> that of<\/em> P. siskiyouensis.\u00a0 Also, it is not known if <\/em>P. siskiyouensis is endemic to California or was introduced. Related information gained through further research may affect the current proposed rating of<\/em> P. siskiyouensis. \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Based on the evidence provided above the proposed rating for Phytophthora siskiyouensis<\/em> is B.<\/strong><\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

A<\/strong>grios, G. N.\u00a0 2005.\u00a0 Plant Pathology fifth edition.\u00a0 Elsevier Academic Press, Massachussetts, USA.\u00a0 922 p.<\/p>\n

C<\/strong>ABI.\u00a0 2014.\u00a0 Phytophthora siskiyouensis<\/em> datasheet (basic) report.\u00a0 Crop Protection Compendium.\u00a0 www.cabi.org\/cpc\/<\/a><\/p>\n

F<\/strong>arr, D.F., & Rossman, A.Y.\u00a0 2014.\u00a0 Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved November 10, 2014, from http:\/\/nt.ars-grin.gov\/fungaldatabases\/<\/a> .<\/p>\n

H<\/strong>ansen, E. M., P. Reeser and S. Rooney-Latham.\u00a0 2011.\u00a0 Phytophthora siskiyouensis<\/em>.\u00a0 Forest Phytophthoras 1(1). doi: 10.5399\/osu\/fp.1.1.1826<\/p>\n

R<\/strong>eeser, P. W., E. M. Hansen and W. Sutton.\u00a0 2007.\u00a0 Phytophthora siskiyouensis<\/em>, a new species from soil, water, myrtlewood (Umbellularia californica<\/em>) and tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus<\/em>) in southwestern Oregon.\u00a0 Mycologia 99:639-643.<\/p>\n

R<\/strong>eeser, P. W., Sutton, W., and Hansen, E. M. 2008. Phytophthora<\/em> species causing tanoak stem cankers in southwestern Oregon. Plant Dis. 92:1252.<\/p>\n

R<\/strong>ooney-Latham, S., C. L. Blomquist, T. Pastalka and L. R. Costello.\u00a0 2007.\u00a0 First report of Phytophthora siskiyouensis<\/em> causing disease on Italian alder in Foster City, California.\u00a0 Phytopathology 97:S101.<\/p>\n

R<\/strong>ooney-Latham, S., C. L. Blomquist, T. Pastalka and L. Costello.\u00a0 2009.\u00a0 Collar rot on Italian alder trees in California caused by Phytophthora siskiyouensis.\u00a0 Online. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094\/PHP-2009-0413-01-RS. http:\/\/www.plantmanagementnetwork.org\/pub\/php\/research\/2009\/alder\/<\/a> .<\/p>\n

S<\/strong>ims, L.\u00a0 2012.\u00a0 Alder (Alnus<\/em> spp.) \u2013 Collar Rot {Phytophthora Canker}.\u00a0 PNW Plant Disease Management Handbook Printed page URL:<\/strong> pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/node\/6703 http:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/node\/6703\/print<\/a><\/p>\n

S<\/strong>mith, I. A., Cunnington, J., and Pascoe, I. 2004. Another new? species of Phytophthora<\/em> on alder down under (Australia). P. of the IUFRO Res. Work. Gr. Conf. on Phytophthora Forests and Natural Ecosystems. 11-17 September 2004. Freising, Germany.<\/p>\n

Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

John J. Chitambar, Primary Plant Pathologist\/Nematologist, California Department of Food and Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832. Phone: 916-262-1110, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n

PEST RATING: B<\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Phytophthora siskiyouensis Reeser & E. M. Hansen, 2008 Pest Rating: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: \u00a0 In October 2014, Suzanne Latham, CDFA plant pathologist detected the oomycete, Phytophthora siskiyouensis which was isolated from a diseased alder tree with a bleeding trunk canker in Mill Valley, Marin County, California.\u00a0 A few … Continue reading Phytophthora siskiyouensis Reeser & E. M. Hansen, 2008<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1117,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[8,4],"tags":[46,171,45],"class_list":["post-1006","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fungi","category-plant-pathology","tag-fungi-2","tag-phytophthora-siskiyouensis","tag-plant-pathogen"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-ge","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":9181,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=9181","url_meta":{"origin":1006,"position":0},"title":"Phytophthora alni species complex (Brasier & S.A. Kirk, 2004) Husson, Ioos & Mar\u00e7ais, 2015, nothosp. nov. Alder Phytophthora","author":"Heather.Martin","date":"November 17, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Phytophthora alni species complex (Brasier & S.A. Kirk, 2004) Husson, Ioos & Mar\u00e7ais, 2015, nothosp. nov. Alder PhytophthoraPest Rating: A download pest rating *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1590,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1590","url_meta":{"origin":1006,"position":1},"title":"Phytophthora tentaculata Kr\u00f6ber & Marwitz 1993","author":"Admin","date":"February 29, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating Proposal for Phytophthora tentaculata Kr\u00f6ber & Marwitz 1993 Pest Rating: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event:\u00a0 During January 2016, samples of two diseased Diplacus hybrids (monkey flower hybrid varieties) and one of diseased Artemisia palmeri (Palmer sagewort) were collected by Kathleen Kosta, CDFA, from a nursery in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fungi"","block_context":{"text":"Fungi","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2148,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=2148","url_meta":{"origin":1006,"position":2},"title":"Phytophthora quercina T. Jung 1999","author":"Admin","date":"June 21, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Phytophthora quercina T. Jung 1999 Pest Rating: B\u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event:\u00a0 On April 25, 2016, two soil samples with roots of valley oak (Quercus lobata) trees that showed symptoms of stunting in a restoration site in Santa Clara County, were collected by Santa Clara\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fungi"","block_context":{"text":"Fungi","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":829,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=829","url_meta":{"origin":1006,"position":3},"title":"Phytophthora hedraiandra de Cock & Man in\u2019t Veld","author":"Admin","date":"April 9, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Phytophthora hedraiandra de Cock & Man in\u2019t Veld Pest\u00a0Rating: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Recently, Suzanne Latham, CDFA plant pathologist, detected Phytophthora hedraiaindra in Arctostaphylos pumila samples that were collected from a nursery in Monterey County during an inspection related to an earlier detection of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fungi"","block_context":{"text":"Fungi","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1003,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1003","url_meta":{"origin":1006,"position":4},"title":"Phytophthora niederhauserii Abad & J. Abad, 2014","author":"Admin","date":"June 1, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Phytophthora niederhauserii Abad & J. Abad, 2014 Pest Rating: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: \u00a0 None.\u00a0 A permanent rating for Phytophthora niederhauserii is proposed herein. History & Status: Background: In 2003, Abad and Abad reported the discovery of a Phytophthora species associated with necrotic collars,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fungi"","block_context":{"text":"Fungi","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3162,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=3162","url_meta":{"origin":1006,"position":5},"title":"Phytophthora parvispora Scanu & Denman, 2013","author":"Admin","date":"January 9, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Phytophthora parvispora \u00a0Scanu & Denman, 2013 Pest Rating: B\u00a0 PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event:\u00a0 On August 19, 2016, non-official samples of pear baits of effluent collected from the bottom of four pots containing diseased Mexican orange blossom (Choisya ternata) plants, were sent by a private company\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fungi"","block_context":{"text":"Fungi","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1006","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1117"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1006"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1006\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10468,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1006\/revisions\/10468"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1006"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1006"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1006"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}