{"id":1003,"date":"2015-06-01T07:00:10","date_gmt":"2015-06-01T14:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1003"},"modified":"2024-04-26T11:22:12","modified_gmt":"2024-04-26T18:22:12","slug":"phytophthora-niederhauserii-abad-j-abad-2014","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1003","title":{"rendered":"Phytophthora niederhauserii Abad & J. Abad, 2014"},"content":{"rendered":"
California Pest Rating for<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Phytophthora niederhauserii<\/em><\/strong> Abad & J. Abad, <\/em>2014<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Pest Rating: B<\/strong><\/h5>\n
\n
PEST RATING PROFILE<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Initiating Event: \u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

None.\u00a0 <\/strong>A permanent rating for Phytophthora niederhauserii<\/em> is proposed herein.<\/p>\n

History & Status:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Background: In 2003, Abad and Abad reported the discovery of a Phytophthora<\/em> species associated with necrotic collars, stems and roots of arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis<\/em> L.) and English ivy (Hedera helix<\/em> L.) grown in greenhouses in North Carolina.\u00a0 They named the species, P. niederhauseria<\/em> and submitted the ITS (Internal transcribed spacer) genetic sequences on GenBank-NCBI before publishing an official description of the species.\u00a0 Soon other researchers from around the globe found that they were working with the same species based on the similarity of their test ITS sequences with that of P. niederhauseria<\/em> in GenBank.\u00a0 The species was discovered in 13 countries and associated with ornamentals, fruit trees and native plants.\u00a0 However, it was only recently, that an official description of the species was published and the name, P. niederhauserii<\/em> was validated (Abad et al<\/em>., 2014).<\/p>\n

Hosts: Abad et al<\/em>., (2014) isolated P. niederhauserii<\/em> from 33 plant hosts in 25 families from various countries.\u00a0 A number of shrubs and herbaceous ornamental plants are hosts of the pathogen.\u00a0 Few agricultural crops are also included.\u00a0 Thuja occidentals <\/em>(arborvitae), Hedera helix<\/em> (English ivy), Abies nordmanniana<\/em>, Acacia dealbata <\/em>(Mimosa), Banksia baxteri<\/em>, Banksia prionotes<\/em> (acorn banksia), Banksia speciosa<\/em>, various Begonia <\/em>hybrids, \u00a0<\/em>Callistemon citrinus, <\/em>Ceanothus<\/em> sp., Chamaecyparis lawsoniana<\/em>, Cistus monspeliensis, C. salviifolius <\/em>(sageleaf rockrose), \u00a0Grevillea olivacea<\/em>, Heuchera<\/em> sp. Iris <\/em>sp. Juniperus <\/em>sp., Kalanchoe blossfeldiana <\/em>(kalanchoe)<\/em>, Manihot esculenta, Metrosideros villosa<\/em>, Peperomia clusiifolia,Pistacia lentiscus, Plumbago <\/em>sp., Prunus dulcis<\/em> (almond), Punica granatum<\/em>, Rhododendron catawbiense<\/em> (catawba rhododendron), Sinningia speciosa <\/em>(gloxinia), Spathiphyllum<\/em> sp., Vitis vinifera<\/em> (grape), and Xanthorrhoea australis<\/em> (Farr & Rossman, 2014; Abad et al<\/em>., 2014).<\/p>\n

Symptoms:\u00a0 Generally, Phytophthora niederhauserii<\/em> infestations cause symptoms of root and stem collar necrosis resulting in wilting and leaf desiccation or drop in host plants.\u00a0 In Norway, symptoms of P. niederhauserii<\/em> infestation on greenhouse-potted begonia, gloxinia and ivy included necrotic roots and stems with necrosis extending to the leaves via the petioles.\u00a0 Wilting of the entire plant was observed in gloxinia and ivy. In kalanchoe, only root discoloration and stunted plant growth are apparent (Herrero et al<\/em>., 2008).\u00a0 In Spain, symptoms on almonds included leaf chlorosis and drop, wilting, cankers and gum exudation.\u00a0 In spring, symptoms included failure to leaf-out, death of scion and rootstock sprouts (P\u00e9rez-Sierra et al<\/em>., 2010). The pathogen caused collar and root necrosis in boxwood associated with severe wilting and desiccation of foliage (J\u00f3zsa et al., <\/em>2010).<\/p>\n

Damage Potential: Quantitative economic losses in plant production due to Phytophthora niederhauserii <\/em>have not been reported, however, infestations may result in significant damage and loss in production and stands of host plants by causing root and crown\/basal stem rots of infected plants. Nursery ornamentals and plants grown in natural ecosystems are particularly affected. Infections may lead to death of the plant.\u00a0 Generally, annual plants and young seedlings of trees may be killed by the disease within a few days, weeks or months (Agrios, 2005). The pathogen can potentially cause crown rot in grapes \u2013 as detected in South Africa and in almonds in Turkey (Abad et al.,<\/em> 2014).\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Disease Cycle: Generally, species of Phytophthora<\/em> that cause root and stem rots survive cold winters or hot and dry summers as thick-walled, resting spores (oospores and chlamydospores) or mycelium in infected roots, stems or soil.\u00a0 During spring, the oospores and chlamydospores germinate to produce motile spores (zoospores) that swim around in soil water and roots of susceptible hosts. The pathogen infects the host at the soil line causing water soaking and darkening of the trunk bark. This infected area enlarges and may encircle the entire stem of small plants which wilt and eventually die.\u00a0 On large plants and trees, the infected, necrotic area may be on one side of the stem and become a depressed canker below the level of the healthy bark.\u00a0 Collar rot canker may spread down the root system. Roots are invaded at the crown area or at ground level.\u00a0\u00a0 Mycelium and zoospores grow in abundance in cool, wet weather causing damage where the soil is too wet for normal growth of susceptible plants and low temperatures (15-23\u00b0C) prevail (Agrios, 2005).<\/p>\n

Transmission:\u00a0 Infected soils, plants, nursery and planting stock, seedlings, run-off and splash irrigation water, cultivation equipment and tools that may spread contaminated soil and plant materials to non-infected sites.<\/p>\n

Worldwide Distribution<\/strong><\/span>:\u00a0 Widespread.\u00a0 Thirteen countries, namely, Australia, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Taiwan, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the USA (Abad et al<\/em>., 2014).<\/p>\n

In the USA, Phytophthora niederhauserii<\/em> has been found in California, North Carolina, South Carolina (Robayo-Camacho et al<\/em>., 2009; Farr & Rossman, 2014).<\/p>\n

Official Control:<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0 None reported.<\/p>\n

California Distribution:<\/strong><\/span> Phytophthora niederhauserii<\/em> has been detected in Santa Barbara County and counties within the San Joaquin Valley namely, Kings, Fresno, Kern, Merced, Stanislaus, Madera, San Luis Obispo and Tulare counties (CDFA Plant Pathology Database, 2007; Schmidt et al., <\/em>2012).<\/p>\n

California Interceptions:<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0 The pathogen has not been intercepted in quarantine shipments of plants.<\/p>\n

The risk Phytophthora niederhauserii<\/em> would pose to California is evaluated below.<\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) \u00a0Climate\/Host Interaction:<\/strong> Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California. Score:<\/p>\n

– Low (1) not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas
\n\u2013 Medium (2) may be able to establish in a larger but limited part of California
\n– High (3)<\/strong> likely to establish a widespread distribution in California<\/span><\/p>\n

Risk is High (3) <\/em><\/strong><\/span>\u2013 <\/em>Phytophthora niederhauserii has already been detected in few nurseries in California and has been reported (Schmidt <\/em>et al., 2012) as an aggressive pathogen of almonds in the San Joaquin Valley of California.\u00a0 Within California, it is likely to establish in cool, wet climates in susceptible hosts.<\/em><\/p>\n

2) \u00a0Known Pest Host Range:<\/strong> Evaluate the host range of the pest:<\/p>\n

– Low (1) has a very limited host range
\n\u2013\u00a0Medium (2)<\/strong> has a moderate host range<\/span>
\n\u2013 High (3) has a wide host range<\/p>\n

Risk is Medium (2) <\/em><\/strong><\/span>\u2013Currently at least 33 plant species in 25 families have been reported as hosts of the pathogen.\u00a0 A number of shrubs and herbaceous ornamental plants are included. Few agricultural crops (almonds and grapes) are also included.\u00a0 The latter are grown as major crops in California.<\/em><\/p>\n

3) \u00a0Pest Dispersal Potential:<\/strong> Evaluate the dispersal potential of the pest:<\/p>\n

– Low (1) does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential
\n– Medium (2) has either high reproductive or dispersal potential
\n\u2013 High (3) <\/strong>has both high reproduction and dispersal potential<\/span><\/p>\n

Risk is High (3)<\/span> <\/em><\/strong>\u2013 <\/em>Phytophthora niederhauserii is primarily spread artificially via infested soils, plants, nursery and planting stock, seedlings, run-off and splash irrigation water, cultivation equipment and tools that may spread contaminated soil and plant materials to non-infected sites.<\/em><\/p>\n

4) \u00a0Economic Impact:<\/strong> Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using these criteria:<\/p>\n

A. \u00a0 The pest could lower crop yield.
\nB. \u00a0 The pest could lower crop value (includes increasing crop production costs).
\nC. \u00a0 The pest could trigger the loss of markets (includes quarantines).
\nD. \u00a0 The pest could negatively change normal cultural practices.
\nE. \u00a0 The pest can vector, or is vectored, by another pestiferous organism.
\nF. \u00a0 The organism is injurious or poisonous to agriculturally important animals.
\nG. \u00a0 The organism can interfere with the delivery or supply of water for agricultural uses.<\/p>\n

– Low (1) causes 0 or 1 of these impacts
\n– Medium (2) causes 2 of these impacts
\n\u2013 High (3) <\/strong>causes 3 or more of these impacts<\/span><\/p>\n

Risk is High (3)<\/em><\/strong><\/span> \u2013 The pathogen could lower crop yield, increase production costs and cause loss of market of infected nursery stock and agricultural crops. The capability of the pathogen to survive and spread in infected soils and irrigation water could require changes in normal cultivation practices of host plants.<\/em><\/p>\n

5) \u00a0Environmental Impact:<\/strong> Evaluate the environmental impact of the pest on California using these criteria:<\/p>\n

A. \u00a0 The pest could have a significant environmental impact such as lowering biodiversity, disrupting natural communities, or changing ecosystem processes.
\nB. \u00a0 The pest could directly affect threatened or endangered species.
\nC. \u00a0 The pest could impact threatened or endangered species by disrupting critical habitats.
\nD. \u00a0 The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs.
\nE. \u00a0 The pest significantly impacts cultural practices, home\/urban gardening or ornamental plantings.<\/p>\n

Score the pest for Environmental Impact:<\/p>\n

– Low (1) causes none of the above to occur
\n\u2013 Medium (2) causes one of the above to occur
\n\u2013 High (3)<\/strong> causes two or more of the above to occur<\/span><\/p>\n

Risk is <\/em><\/strong>High (3)<\/em><\/strong> <\/span>\u2013 A number of plants in natural ecological habitats are hosts to the pathogen.\u00a0 Subsequently, natural plant communities, ecosystems, threatened or endangered species as well as home\/urban gardening and ornamentals may be negatively impacted.<\/em><\/p>\n

Consequences of Introduction to California for Phytophthora niederhauserii:<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n

Add up the total score and include it here. (Score)<\/p>\n

Low = 5-8 points
\nMedium = 9-12 points
\nHigh<\/span> <\/strong>= 13-15 points<\/p>\n

Total points obtained on evaluation of consequences of introduction of Phytophthora niederhauserii<\/em> to California = (14).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

6) \u00a0Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information<\/strong>: Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included. (Score)<\/p>\n

-Not established (0) Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions.
\n-Low (-1) Pest has a localized distribution in California, or is established in one suitable climate\/host area (region).
\n-Medium (-2) Pest is widespread in California but not fully established in the endangered area, or pest established in two contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.
\n–High (-3)<\/strong> Pest has fully established in the endangered area, or pest is reported in more than two contiguous or non-contiguous suitable climate\/host areas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Evaluation is High (-3)<\/span>. <\/em><\/strong>In California, <\/em>Phytophthora niederhauserii has been detected in Santa Barbara County and the San Joaquin Valley counties.<\/em><\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/h5>\n

7) The final score is the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: (Score)<\/p>\n

Final Score:<\/span> <\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Score of Consequences of Introduction \u2013 Score of Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information =<\/strong> 11<\/span>.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Uncertainty: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Statewide surveys specifically for <\/em>Phytophthora niederhauserii have not been conducted to include all nursery sites and natural ecosystems (e.g., restoration sites) as well as almond and grapevine cultivation sites.\u00a0 Subsequent data generated may result in the addition of new host plant species and further distribution of the pathogen within California.\u00a0 All this may alter the current proposed rating of<\/em> P. niederhauserii.<\/p>\n

Conclusion and Rating Justification: <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Based on the evidence provided above the proposed rating for Phytophthora niederhauserii<\/em> is B.<\/strong><\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

A<\/strong>bad Z. G, and J. A. Abad. \u00a02003. \u00a0Advances in the integration of morphological and molecular characterization in the genus Phytophthora<\/em>: the case of P. niederhauseria<\/em> sp.nov. Phytopathology 408 93:S1.<\/p>\n

A<\/strong>bad, Z. G., J. A. Abad, S. O. Cacciola, A. Pane, R. Faedda, E. Moralejo, A. P\u00e9rez-Sierra, P. Abad-Campos, L. A. Alvarez-Bernaola, J. Bakonyi, A. J\u00f3zsa, M. L. Herrero, T. I. Burgess, J. H. Cunnington, I. A. Smith, Y. Balci, C. Blomquist, B. Henricot, G. Denton, C. Spies, A. Mcleod, L. Belbahri, D. Cooke, K. Kageyama, S. Uematsu, I. Kurbetli and K. Ke\u011firmenci.\u00a0 2014.\u00a0 Phytophthora niederhauserii<\/em> sp. nov., a polyphagous species associated with ornamentals, fruit trees and native plants in 13 countries.\u00a0 Mycologia, 106 (3): 431-447.<\/p>\n

A<\/strong>grios, G. N.\u00a0 2005.\u00a0 Plant Pathology fifth edition.\u00a0 Elsevier Academic Press, Massachussetts, USA.\u00a0 922 p.<\/p>\n

F<\/strong>arr, D.F., & Rossman, A.Y.\u00a0 2014.\u00a0 Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved November 10, 2014, from http:\/\/nt.ars-grin.gov\/fungaldatabases\/<\/a><\/p>\n

J<\/strong>o\u00b4zsa A, J. Bakonyi, L. Belbahri, ZA Nagy, A. Szigethy, G. Boha\u00b4r and S.Woodward. 2010. A new species of Phytophthora<\/em> reported to cause root and collar rot of common boxwood, Nordmann fir and Port Orford cedar in Hungary. Plant Pathology 59:1166\u20131167.<\/p>\n

P<\/strong>e\u00b4rez-Sierra A, A. Leo\u00b4n, LA A\u00b4 lvarez, S.Alaniz, M. Berbegal, J. Garc\u0131\u00b4a- Jime\u00b4nez, P. Abad-Campos. 2010. Outbreak of a new Phytophthora<\/em> sp. associated to severe decline of almond trees in eastern Spain. Plant Disease 94:534\u2013541.<\/p>\n

R<\/strong>obayo-Camacho E, Hwang J, Jeffers SN. \u00a02009. \u00a0A diversity of species of Phytophthora<\/em> found on floriculture crops.\u00a0 Phytopathology 99:S109, doi:10.1094\/PHYTO-99-1-0109<\/p>\n

S<\/strong>chmidt, L. S., R. G. Bhat, D. A. Kluepfel and G. T. Browne.\u00a0 2012.\u00a0 Resistance to Phytophthora<\/em> in new rootstocks for almond and stone fruits.\u00a0 Phytopathology, 102:S4.106.<\/p>\n

Responsible Party:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

John J. Chitambar, Primary Plant Pathologist\/Nematologist, California Department of Food and Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832. Phone: 916-262-1110, plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.<\/p>\n

\n

PEST RATING: B<\/h3>\n
\n

Posted by ls<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California Pest Rating for Phytophthora niederhauserii Abad & J. Abad, 2014 Pest Rating: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: \u00a0 None.\u00a0 A permanent rating for Phytophthora niederhauserii is proposed herein. History & Status: Background: In 2003, Abad and Abad reported the discovery of a Phytophthora species associated with necrotic collars, stems and roots of arborvitae … Continue reading Phytophthora niederhauserii Abad & J. Abad, 2014<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1117,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[8,4],"tags":[46,168,41],"class_list":["post-1003","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fungi","category-plant-pathology","tag-fungi-2","tag-phytophthora-niederhauserii","tag-plant-pathogens"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5l8vQ-gb","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":9492,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=9492","url_meta":{"origin":1003,"position":0},"title":"Phytophthora bishii Z. G. Abad, J. A. Abad & F. J. Louws, 2008","author":"Admin","date":"January 26, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Phytophthora bishii Z. G. Abad, J. A. Abad & F. J. Louws, 2008Proposed Rating: B DOWNLOAD PEST RATING *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "B-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"B-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=670"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":9181,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=9181","url_meta":{"origin":1003,"position":1},"title":"Phytophthora alni species complex (Brasier & S.A. Kirk, 2004) Husson, Ioos & Mar\u00e7ais, 2015, nothosp. nov. Alder Phytophthora","author":"Heather.Martin","date":"November 17, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Phytophthora alni species complex (Brasier & S.A. Kirk, 2004) Husson, Ioos & Mar\u00e7ais, 2015, nothosp. nov. Alder PhytophthoraPest Rating: A download pest rating *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "A-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"A-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=669"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":829,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=829","url_meta":{"origin":1003,"position":2},"title":"Phytophthora hedraiandra de Cock & Man in\u2019t Veld","author":"Admin","date":"April 9, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Phytophthora hedraiandra de Cock & Man in\u2019t Veld Pest\u00a0Rating: B PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Recently, Suzanne Latham, CDFA plant pathologist, detected Phytophthora hedraiaindra in Arctostaphylos pumila samples that were collected from a nursery in Monterey County during an inspection related to an earlier detection of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fungi"","block_context":{"text":"Fungi","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":9400,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=9400","url_meta":{"origin":1003,"position":3},"title":"Phytophthora rubi (W.F. Wilcox & J.M. Duncan) Man in ‘t Veld 2007 \u2261 Phytophthora fragariae var. rubi W.F. Wilcox & J.M. Duncan 1993 Raspberry root rot","author":"Heather.Martin","date":"January 4, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Phytophthora rubi (W.F. Wilcox & J.M. Duncan) Man in 't Veld 2007 \u2261 Phytophthora fragariae var. rubi W.F. Wilcox & J.M. Duncan 1993 Raspberry root rotPest Rating: B download pest rating *NOTE You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "B-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"B-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=670"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1969,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=1969","url_meta":{"origin":1003,"position":4},"title":"Plant Pathogens","author":"Admin","date":"May 13, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Plant diseases can be caused by several pathogenic microorganisms including fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids, phytoplasmas and plant parasitic nematodes. In California, several plant pathogens have evolved with native plants and consequently, caused little damage. However, many other pathogens are either not present or have only been newly discovered within the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Ratings"","block_context":{"text":"Ratings","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=333"},"img":{"alt_text":"Plant pathogens montage","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/plant-diseases-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/plant-diseases-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/plant-diseases-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/plant-diseases-featured-image.jpg?fit=1038%2C588&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7393,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?p=7393","url_meta":{"origin":1003,"position":5},"title":"Phytophthora pini Leonian 1925","author":"Heather.Martin","date":"July 21, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"California Pest Rating for Phytophthora pini Leonian 1925Pest Rating: C DOWNLOAD PEST RATING *NOTE: You must be registered and logged in to post a comment. If you have registered and have not received the registration confirmation, please contact us at permits[@]cdfa.ca.gov. Posted by ka","rel":"","context":"In "B-Rated"","block_context":{"text":"B-Rated","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/?cat=670"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1003","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1117"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1003"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1003\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10467,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1003\/revisions\/10467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1003"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1003"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/Section3162\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1003"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}