{"id":2231,"date":"2024-07-23T07:18:59","date_gmt":"2024-07-23T14:18:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/?p=2231"},"modified":"2024-07-23T07:18:59","modified_gmt":"2024-07-23T14:18:59","slug":"research-update-nitrogen-and-irrigation-management-for-carrot-production-in-desert-region","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/research-update-nitrogen-and-irrigation-management-for-carrot-production-in-desert-region\/","title":{"rendered":"Research Update: Nitrogen and Irrigation Management for Carrot Production in Desert Region \u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Note: This is part of a Research Update series that highlights projects funded by the&nbsp;California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA)&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdfa.ca.gov\/is\/ffldrs\/frep\/CompetitiveGrantProgram.html\">Fertilizer Research and Education Program (FREP) annual Grant Program<\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Project Title:&nbsp;<\/strong>Enhancing Nitrogen and Water Use Efficiency in California Carrot Production Through Management Tools and Practices<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Project Leader:<\/strong>&nbsp;Ali Montazar, Irrigation and Water Management Advisor, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources (UCANR)<br><br><strong>Project location:<\/strong>&nbsp;Imperial and Kern Counties<br><br><strong>Project Status:<\/strong>&nbsp;Complete<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The purpose of this project was to understand the viability and applicability of current nitrogen and irrigation management practices in California carrot production. The project aimed to develop knowledge and information on improving and promoting adoption of management practices that optimize nitrogen and irrigation water use efficiency in addition to developing new information on nitrogen (N) uptake curves, net N removal, and crop water use. Data from the project was also used to add carrots to CropManage, a web-based tool for water and N management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Highlights<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Carrots are typically over-irrigated during plant establishment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N uptake curve was developed for desert carrot; 50% of N uptake occurs between 80-130 days after seeding.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N application rates greater than 145 pounds per acre do not have a significant impact on carrot root yield in a well-managed irrigated field.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CropManage carrot module was developed and evaluated for carrot fields in the low desert region.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An average N removal of 3.0 pounds per ton of fresh carrot root was determined for desert carrots.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Background<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>California fresh market and processing carrots comprise an area of 60,300 acres with a total value of nearly $685 million per year. Currently, lack of sufficient information on efficient water and N management practices is one of the largest uncertainties faced by carrot growers, hindering efficient resource-use and possibly compromising the economic sustainability of production in the face of increasingly limited and costly water and fertilizer supplies. The industry is being held responsible for determining what the most efficient nitrogen fertilization rate is, and there is high value in maintaining regulatory compliance. Therefore, information on irrigation and N uptake specific to California conditions are urgently needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Approach<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Researchers conducted three-year field experiments at the <\/strong>UC Desert Research and Extension Center and 20 commercial fields in Imperial and Kern counties to examine different N and irrigation application strategies. Extensive field measurements included soil nitrate content, total N content in carrot tops and roots, actual consumptive water use, and canopy coverage. In addition, determinations of fresh and dry weights of roots and foliage were made on a monthly basis throughout the season.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"486\" height=\"330\" data-attachment-id=\"2233\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/research-update-nitrogen-and-irrigation-management-for-carrot-production-in-desert-region\/carrot-1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-1.png\" data-orig-size=\"486,330\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Carrot 1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-1.png\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2233\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-1.png 486w, https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-1-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-1-150x102.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 486px) 100vw, 486px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Image 1: Magnetic flowmeters and data store and transfer equipment to monitor water applied to the trial.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"738\" height=\"288\" data-attachment-id=\"2234\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/research-update-nitrogen-and-irrigation-management-for-carrot-production-in-desert-region\/carrot-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-2.png\" data-orig-size=\"738,288\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Carrot 2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-2.png\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2234\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-2.png 738w, https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-2-300x117.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-2-150x59.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 738px) 100vw, 738px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Image 2 and 3: A multi-depth soil moisture sensor monitoring station equipped with Tule sensor in commercial sites (left) and fully automated evapotranspiration (ET) tower (right).<\/em><br><br><strong>Project findings: Irrigation Management<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Carrots are typically irrigated every other day for two weeks after seeding in the desert to keep the beds moist and prevent crusting.<strong> <\/strong>A comparison between the averages of applied water and actual consumptive water use for a 30-day period after seeding suggested that carrots are over-irrigated during plant establishment. An average of 3.8-in was measured as actual consumptive water use for this period across the experimental sites (Fig. 1), while the applied water varied from two to three times this amount.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sites had variable actual consumptive water uses depending upon early\/late planting, irrigation practice, length of crop season, soil type, and weather conditions. The seasonal crop water use of fresh market carrots is nearly 16.0-in for a typical crop season of 160-day with planting in October. &nbsp;In the desert region, approximately 50% of crop water needs occurred during the first 100 days after seeding and the other 50% during the last 60 days before harvest for a typical 160-day crop season (Figure 1 and Table 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The critical period for irrigation is between fruit set and harvest during which the water stress should be avoided. In addition, sprinkler irrigation may be considered as a more effective irrigation tool when compared with furrow irrigation due to more frequent and light irrigation events made possible by sprinkler irrigation. Sprinklers also reduce salinity issues, which is important since carrots are very sensitive to salt accumulation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"382\" height=\"402\" data-attachment-id=\"2235\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/research-update-nitrogen-and-irrigation-management-for-carrot-production-in-desert-region\/carrot-fig-1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-Fig-1.png\" data-orig-size=\"382,402\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Carrot Fig 1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-Fig-1.png\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2235\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-Fig-1.png 382w, https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-Fig-1-285x300.png 285w, https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-Fig-1-143x150.png 143w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 382px) 100vw, 382px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Fig. 1. Cumulative actual crop water consumption (actual ET) at each of the experimental sites in the desert region.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>21-22 season<\/td><td>22-23 season<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"3\">N application (lb. N\/ acre)<\/td><td>N1=140<\/td><td>N1=145<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>N2=185<\/td><td>N2=180<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>N3=235<\/td><td>N3=217<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">Water application (in)<\/td><td>I1=24.5<\/td><td>I1=23.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>I2=30.8<\/td><td>I2=29.7<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Table 1. Seasonal water and N application rates in the study seasons.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>Project Findings: Nitrogen Management<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Small gradual increases in N contents of roots were observed until about 65 days after seeding (DAS). This suggested that N begins to accumulate at a rapid rate between 65 and 80 DAS; however, the period of rapid increase could vary depending on early (September) or late (November) plantings. The N uptake curves suggested that nearly 50% of the total N was taken up between 80-130 DAS (Fig. 2). This 50-day period appears to be the most critical period for N uptake, particularly in the storage roots. Thus, proper N fertility in the effective crop root zone is essential during this period.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"436\" height=\"497\" data-attachment-id=\"2237\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/research-update-nitrogen-and-irrigation-management-for-carrot-production-in-desert-region\/carrot-fig-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-Fig-2.png\" data-orig-size=\"436,497\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Carrot Fig 2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-Fig-2.png\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2237\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-Fig-2.png 436w, https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-Fig-2-263x300.png 263w, https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-Fig-2-132x150.png 132w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Fig. 2. Nitrogen accumulation trends in storage roots, tops, and total (plants) over the growing season at the experimental sites.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Within the range of N application rates examined there was no significant effect of N rate on total N uptake and the N accumulated in roots. The results suggested a positive effect of N application on carrot yield; the N application rate had a clear and significant effect on increasing aboveground foliage (tops), which could be a reason for greater nitrogen uptake at the higher rate of N applied (Fig. 3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"671\" height=\"331\" data-attachment-id=\"2238\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/research-update-nitrogen-and-irrigation-management-for-carrot-production-in-desert-region\/carrot-fig-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-FIg-3.png\" data-orig-size=\"671,331\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Carrot FIg 3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-FIg-3.png\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-FIg-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-FIg-3.png 671w, https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-FIg-3-300x148.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Carrot-FIg-3-150x74.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 671px) 100vw, 671px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Fig. 3. Mean fresh carrot root yields as affected by water regimes and nitrogen (N) application rates over the study seasons. The bars show standard error of root yield values. Different letters show significant difference (p &lt; 0.05) by Tukey\u2019s test.\u00a0 N1, N2, and N3 are applied N at 140, 185, and 235 pounds per acre, respectively; I1 and I2 are applied water at 24.5 and 30.8 inches, respectively.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sufficient N availability in the crop root zone over the growing season and the lack of significant yield response to N application rates demonstrates that optimal N rates could likely be less than the applied amounts in most sites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Conclusions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The study results clearly demonstrated that carrot fields had variable consumptive water use, depending on early\/late planting, cultivars, irrigation practices, length of crop season, soil type, and weather conditions. Sufficient N availability in the crop root zone over the growing season and lack of a significant yield response to N application within the range of N application rates suggested that N optimal rates could be likely less than the applied amounts at most sites. Since residual soil N contribution can be considerable in carrots, a pre-plant soil nitrate-N assessment, down to a 60 cm depth, can be a tool that enables farmers to improve N management and maximize yield and quality while minimizing economic and environmental costs. Growers are encouraged to try using a reduced N rate (10-20% lower than their current practice) on a small field to evaluate how it fits their specific farming practices before they adopt it on a widespread basis. Utilizing the information developed by this study on crop N uptake, net removal rates, and crop water use may have a significant impact on water quality as well as soil water and N availability, potentially increasing the economic sustainability of carrot production in a region where irrigation water will become less available or more expensive.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Note: This is part of a Research Update series that highlights projects funded by the&nbsp;California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA)&nbsp;Fertilizer Research and Education Program (FREP) annual Grant Program. Project Title:&nbsp;Enhancing Nitrogen and Water Use Efficiency in California Carrot Production Through Management Tools and Practices Project Leader:&nbsp;Ali Montazar, Irrigation and Water Management Advisor, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources &hellip;<\/p>\n<div class=\"m-y-md text-right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/research-update-nitrogen-and-irrigation-management-for-carrot-production-in-desert-region\/\" class=\"btn btn-primary\" aria-label=\"Continue reading the blog post...\">Read More<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1618,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[86,39,456],"tags":[523,524,210,58],"class_list":["post-2231","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-all","category-frep-grant-program","category-research-updates","tag-carrot-production","tag-desert-agriculture","tag-irrigation-management","tag-nitrogen-management"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9r16A-zZ","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":334,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/grants-to-begin-funding-january-2018\/","url_meta":{"origin":2231,"position":0},"title":"Grants to Begin Funding January 2018","author":"Brooke Elliot","date":"January 2, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"The Fertilizer Research and Education Program (FREP) of the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) is pleased to announce the award of almost $800,000 in grant funds to agricultural organizations and universities this year. These grants will fund four projects that will improve the efficiency and reduce the environmental\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;FREP Grant Program&quot;","block_context":{"text":"FREP Grant Program","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/category\/frep-grant-program\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":920,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/frep-awards-projects\/","url_meta":{"origin":2231,"position":1},"title":"FREP Awards Projects to Improve Agricultural Fertilizer Management and Water Quality","author":"Brooke Elliot","date":"November 6, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"The California Department of Food and Agriculture's (CDFA) Fertilizer Research and Education Program (FREP) is pleased to announce the award of over $1.1 million in grant funds to agricultural organizations and universities. These grants will fund six projects that will improve the efficiency and reduce the environmental impact of fertilizer\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;FREP Grant Program&quot;","block_context":{"text":"FREP Grant Program","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/category\/frep-grant-program\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":72,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/cdfa-accepting-concept-proposals-for-2016-fertilizer-research-and-education-grants\/","url_meta":{"origin":2231,"position":2},"title":"CDFA Accepting Concept Proposals for 2016 Fertilizer Research and Education Grants","author":"Brooke Elliot","date":"December 29, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"The California Department of Food and Agriculture\u2019s Fertilizer Research and Education Program (FREP) is currently accepting concept proposals for the 2016 grant cycle. FREP\u2019s competitive grant program funds research that advances the agronomic and environmental performance of fertilizing materials. The 2016 Request for Proposals (RFP) includes several initiatives put forth\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;FREP Grant Program&quot;","block_context":{"text":"FREP Grant Program","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/category\/frep-grant-program\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":228,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/research-update-train-the-trainer\/","url_meta":{"origin":2231,"position":3},"title":"Research Update: Train the Trainer","author":"Brooke Elliot","date":"August 15, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Research Project: Train the Trainer: A Nitrogen Management Training Program for Growers. Klassen, P. et al. Status: Second year of a three year study Issue: Growers who belong to California\u2019s Central Valley Water Quality Coalitions and who are in designated high vulnerability areas are under new Irrigated Lands Regulatory Program\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;All&quot;","block_context":{"text":"All","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/category\/all\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Larry Schwankl, UCCE Irrigation Specialist, presenting to CCAs at a Train the Trainer course in November 2015.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/LS-trains-trainers-300x225.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":212,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/events-for-march-2017\/","url_meta":{"origin":2231,"position":4},"title":"Events for March 2017","author":"Brooke Elliot","date":"February 27, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Efficient Irrigation and Nitrogen Use Workshop What: Hosted by the California Almond Sustainability Program, this workshop gives almond growers an opportunity to learn about tools and techniques to increase irrigation efficiency through Almond Board of California\u2019s (ABC\u2019s) Irrigation Continuum, and to improve the accuracy of nitrogen applications through the use\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Nutrient Management Events&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Nutrient Management Events","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/category\/nutrient-management-events\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":195,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/now-accepting-concept-proposals-for-2017-fertilizer-research-and-education-grants\/","url_meta":{"origin":2231,"position":5},"title":"Now Accepting Concept Proposals for 2017 Fertilizer Research and Education Grants","author":"Brooke Elliot","date":"December 16, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"The California Department of Food and Agriculture\u2019s Fertilizer Research and Education Program (FREP) is currently accepting concept proposals for the 2017 grant cycle. FREP\u2019s competitive grant program funds research that advances the agronomic and environmental performance of fertilizing materials. The 2017 Request for Proposals (RFP) includes several initiatives put forth\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;FREP Grant Program&quot;","block_context":{"text":"FREP Grant Program","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/category\/frep-grant-program\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2231","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1618"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2231"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2231\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2239,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2231\/revisions\/2239"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2231"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2231"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cdfa.ca.gov\/FREP\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}